scholarly journals Homogeneous Modification of Sugarcane Bagasse by Graft Copolymerization in Ionic Liquid for Oil Absorption Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jie Chen ◽  
Xue-Qin Zhang ◽  
Chuan-Fu Liu ◽  
Qing-Shan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Biobased Materials ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Homogeneous Modification

Sugarcane bagasse, lignocellulosic residue from the sugar industry, is an abundant and renewable bioresource on the earth. The application of ionic liquids in sugarcane bagasse biorefinery is gaining increasing interest. The homogeneous modification of sugarcane bagasse by free radical initiated graft copolymerization of acrylate monomers using 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as solvent was performed. A variety of sugarcane bagasse graft copolymers with different weight percent gain were prepared via adjusting the monomer dosage. FT-IR studies confirmed the success in attaching the poly(acrylate) side chains onto sugarcane bagasse. Oil absorbency studies suggested that the sugarcane bagasse graft copolymers were potential biobased materials for effective treatment of ester-based oils. SEM studies showed that the sugarcane bagasse graft copolymers displayed a dense morphology structure. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the thermal stability of sugarcane bagasse decreased after the homogeneous modification by the graft copolymerization. The present study provides an alternative strategy to convert sugarcane bagasse into a value-added functional biobased material.

scholarly journals Effect of Furfurylation on Hierarchical Porous Structure of Poplar Wood

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Shen ◽  
Pan Jiang ◽  
Dengkang Guo ◽  
Gaiyun Li ◽  
Fuxiang Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Structure ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Hierarchical Porous

Some wood properties (such as permeability and acoustic properties) are closely related to its hierarchical porous structure, which is responsible for its potential applications. In this study, the effect of wood impregnation with furfuryl alcohol on its hierarchical porous structure was investigated by microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance cryoporometry. Results indicated decreasing lumina diameters and increasing cell wall thickness of various cells after modification. These alterations became serious with enhancing weight percent gain (WPG). Some perforations and pits were also occluded. Compared with those of untreated wood, the porosity and pore volume of two furfurylated woods decreased at most of the pore diameters, which became more remarkable with raising WPG. The majority of pore sizes (diameters of 1000~100,000 nm and 10~80 nm) of macrospores and micro-mesopores of two furfurylated woods were the same as those of untreated wood. This work could offer thorough knowledge of the hierarchical porous structure of impregnatedly modified wood and pore-related properties, thereby providing guidance for subsequent wood processing and value-added applications.

scholarly journals Extraction of sugarcane bagasse arabinoxylan, integrated with enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides and separation of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Khaleghipour ◽  
Javier A. Linares-Pastén ◽  
Hamid Rashedi ◽  
Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat ◽  
Andrius Jasilionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Bacillus Halodurans ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Successful Separation ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractSugarcane processing roughly generates 54 million tonnes sugarcane bagasse (SCB)/year, making SCB an important material for upgrading to value-added molecules. In this study, an integrated scheme was developed for separating xylan, lignin and cellulose, followed by production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from SCB. Xylan extraction conditions were screened in: (1) single extractions in NaOH (0.25, 0.5, or 1 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min; (2) 3 × repeated extraction cycles in NaOH (1 or 2 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min or (3) pressurized liquid extractions (PLE), 100 bar, at low alkalinity (0–0.1 M NaOH) in the time and temperature range 10–30 min and 50–150 °C. Higher concentration of alkali (2 M NaOH) increased the xylan yield and resulted in higher apparent molecular weight of the xylan polymer (212 kDa using 1 and 2 M NaOH, vs 47 kDa using 0.5 M NaOH), but decreased the substituent sugar content. Repeated extraction at 2 M NaOH, 121 °C, 60 min solubilized both xylan (85.6% of the SCB xylan), and lignin (84.1% of the lignin), and left cellulose of high purity (95.8%) in the residuals. Solubilized xylan was separated from lignin by precipitation, and a polymer with β-1,4-linked xylose backbone substituted by arabinose and glucuronic acids was confirmed by FT-IR and monosaccharide analysis. XOS yield in subsequent hydrolysis by endo-xylanases (from glycoside hydrolase family 10 or 11) was dependent on extraction conditions, and was highest using xylan extracted by 0.5 M NaOH, (42.3%, using Xyn10A from Bacillus halodurans), with xylobiose and xylotriose as main products. The present study shows successful separation of SCB xylan, lignin, and cellulose. High concentration of alkali, resulted in xylan with lower degree of substitution (especially reduced arabinosylation), while high pressure (using PLE), released more lignin than xylan. Enzymatic hydrolysis was more efficient using xylan extracted at lower alkaline strength and less efficient using xylan obtained by PLE and 2 M NaOH, which may be a consequence of polymer aggregation, via remaining lignin interactions.

scholarly journals Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2359
Author(s):  
Harmaen Ahmad Saffian ◽  
Masayuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Hidayah Ariffin ◽  
Khalina Abdan ◽  
Nur Kartinee Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Kenaf Core ◽  
Modified Lignin

In this study, Kraft lignin was esterified with phthalic anhydride and was served as reinforcing filler for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Composites with different ratios of PBS, lignin (L), modified lignin (ML) and kenaf core fibers (KCF) were fabricated using a compounding method. The fabricated PBS composites and its counterparts were tested for thermal, physical and mechanical properties. Weight percent gain of 4.5% after lignin modification and the FTIR spectra has confirmed the occurrence of an esterification reaction. Better thermo-mechanical properties were observed in the PBS composites reinforced with modified lignin and KCF, as higher storage modulus and loss modulus were recorded using dynamic mechanical analysis. The density of the composites fabricated ranged from 1.26 to 1.43 g/cm3. Water absorption of the composites with the addition of modified lignin is higher than that of composites with unmodified lignin. Pure PBS exhibited the highest tensile strength of 18.62 MPa. Incorporation of lignin and KCF into PBS resulted in different extents of reduction in tensile strength (15.78 to 18.60 MPa). However, PBS composite reinforced with modified lignin exhibited better tensile and flexural strength compared to its unmodified lignin counterpart. PBS composite reinforced with 30 wt% ML and 20 wt% KCF had the highest Izod impact, as fibers could diverge the cracking propagation of the matrix. The thermal conductivity value of the composites ranged from 0.0903 to 0.0983 W/mK, showing great potential as a heat insulator.

Fabrication of highly stable and durable furfurylated wood materials. Part I: process optimization

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1135-1146
Author(s):  
Wanju Li ◽  
Minghui Liu ◽  
Hankun Wang ◽  
Yan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Mold Resistance

AbstractIn order to improve dimensional stability and durability of wood, furfurylation of poplar and Chinese fir wood using newly developed furfuryl alcohol (FA) formulation combined with a common vacuum and pressure impregnation process was studied. An orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the furfurylation process for the two wood species. The weight percent gain (WPG), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), as well as resistance to mold, decay fungi, and termites were evaluated. The results showed that nearly all the properties of the furfurylated wood could be improved to various extents. The average ASE of the furfurylated Chinese fir and poplar could reach as high as 80, 71, 92% and 79, 90, 75% in tangential and radial directions, and by volume, respectively, higher than most previously reported wood modification processes. Furthermore, the modified wood had excellent biological durability, with nearly 100% mold resistance, strong decay and termite resistance. Finally, processing parameters with 50% FA, 105–115 °C curing temperature, and 5–8 h curing time were therefore recommended for pilot-scale production of furfurylated poplar and Chinese fir wood based on range analysis.

scholarly journals Optimization of Metal Ions in Sugarcane Bagasse Fermenting Medium for the Production of Streptokinase by Streptococcus equisimilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Cost

Streptokinase is a fibrinolytic enzyme and a product of β-hemolytic Streptococci strains. This enzyme is used as a medication to break down clots in some cases of heart disease. Streptococcus equisimilis, a species of group C Streptococci, is widely used for the production of streptokinase by fermentation technology. In this study, the sugarcane bagasse fermentation medium was optimized for metal ions (KH2PO4, MgSO4.7H2O, CaCO3 and NaHCO3) at various levels to attain the maximal production of streptokinase. Sugarcane bagasse was used due to its profuse availability and as an ideal substrate for microbial processes for the manufacturing of value-added products. The results showed that maximal streptokinase production was found at 0.04% KH2PO4, 0.04% MgSO4.7H2O, 0.15% NaHCO3 and 0.04% CaCO3. Finally, the optimized medium resulted in 84.75 U/mg specific activity and 74.5% recovery. The purification process was carried out simultaneously using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. Finally, a purified sample of streptokinase was run on SDS-PAGE and resolute 47 kDa molecular weight. The use of β-hemolytic Streptococci to obtain streptokinase is not free from health risks and is related to anaphylaxis. This study provides a way forward for the cost-effective ways to obtain streptokinase for the treatment of thrombosis.

scholarly journals BIOBASED ECONOMY AVAILABLE BIOMASS RESOURCES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Zdenek Wegscheider ◽  
Mojmir Sabolovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biobased Materials ◽  
Biobased Economy

During the past two decades academia, industry and government have aimed more and more their attention to the phenomenon of a biobased economy providing society with non‐food biobased products. Now developing are biomass industries that make an array of commercial products, including fuels, electricity, chemicals, adhesives, lubricants and building materials, as well as new clothing fibers and plastics. Instead of fossil resources “green” biobased economy uses renewable grown or waste biomass. The lead supplying role to the biobased economy is held by a sector of agriculture, above all the crop production. In this manner an effective limitation of food surplus may occur in the EU market and enhance a value added to all vertical industry. Industrial‐scale production of biobased materials in time with consumers’ changing attitudes towards sustainable economic and social development may affect a wide array of consequences which nowadays can be tediously estimated. Food safety along with food security is one of the hottest issues especially in the United States, knowing that human population and biobased economy compete in using and processing a broad range of agricultural crops. An energy analysis aspect of this caloric relationship among agricultural sector on the supply side and human population and biobased economy on the other – demand side is assumed to represent the principal aim of this study. Consequently, there is the need to evaluate whether a quantity of Czech Crop Output Total is possible to nourish the Czech population and whether there is an available caloric surplus suitable as a biomass resource for biobased economy which is actually taking root.

scholarly journals Improving the homogeneity of sugarcane bagasse kraft lignin through sequential solvents

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (74) ◽  
pp. 42269-42279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuan Jia ◽  
Mingfu Li ◽  
Guangcong Wan ◽  
Bin Luo ◽  
Chenyan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Heterogeneous Features

The heterogeneous features of lignin, especially the wide distribution of its molecular weight, limit its high value-added application.

Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose Sheets With Various Fire Retardants

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eser Sözen ◽  
Gökhan Gündüz ◽  
Deniz Aydemir ◽  
Ahmet Can
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract This study investigated the effects of various fire retardants including Firetex®, phosphoric acid, and nanoboron nitride on the thermal and morphological properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) sheets. Hestrin and Schramm medium was inoculated with Gluconacetobacter hansenii and the medium with the bacteria was incubated for 14 days. The obtained BC sheets were freeze-dried and then the dried sheets were immersed with Firetex®, phosohoric acid, and nanoboron nitride for a day. The sheets were once again freeze-dried and weight percent gain (WPG) of the sheets was calculated by using wet and dried weights. The morphological characterization, thermal properties, and structural changes of the obtained sheets were also investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The weight percent gain was found to increase 31% for the samples with boron nitride and 1040% for the samples with phosphoric acid after the impregnation. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the impregnation improved the thermal stability of the BC films. The sheets with nanoboron nitride exhibited the best thermal stability, whereas the sheets with Firetex were determined to have the worst thermal stability. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed some changes in the structural properties of the all BC sheets with fire retardants. As a result, it can be said that nanoboron nitride at low temperatures (25–250 °C) and Firetex and phosphoric acid at higher temperatures (600–900 °C) showed better thermal stability.

Characterization of Several Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)-Based Agricultural Wastes via X-Ray Diffraction Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanif Sainorudin ◽  
Masita Mohammad ◽  
Nurul Huda Abd Kadir ◽  
Nur Athirah Abdullah ◽  
Zahira Yaakob
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coconut Coir ◽  
Pineapple Leaves ◽  
Banana Stem

In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from various types of local agricultural wastes. Four types of agricultural waste such as coconut coir, banana stem, sugarcane bagasse and pineapple leaves were collected, extracted and hydrolyzed into microcrystalline cellulose, using pre-treatment (alkaline and bleaching) and acid hydrolysis, respectively. The extracted MCC were analyzed and compared with those of commercially available MCC. The study of crystallinity behaviors of the obtained MCC was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The XRD of MCC revealed that the crystallinity of pineapple leaves has the highest crystallinity index with 75% in value and closest compared to commercial MCC, 81.25%. The value of crystallinity index for banana stem is 74.55% followed by coconut coir, 72.73% and sugarcane bagasse, 66.50%. All of the MCC samples showed the similar pattern with the typical crystalline structure of cellulose I. The crystallite size of all MCC samples was calculated and found in the range of 4.04 – 5.14 nm. These extracted MCC that obtained from several agricultural wastes was supposed to have a high potential as value-added products in industrial applications.

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