scholarly journals Nociceptive and Neuronal Evaluation of the Sciatic Nerve of Wistar Rats Subjected to Compression Injury and Treated with Resistive Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Sobral Antunes ◽  
Keli Lovison ◽  
Jhenifer Karvat ◽  
Ana Luiza Peretti ◽  
Lizyana Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Lesion Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration

Background. To investigate the climb stairs resistance exercise on nociception and axonal regeneration in the sciatic nerve of rats.Methods. 24 Wistar rats were divided: control group (CG—no injury), exercise group (EG—no injury with physical exercise), lesion group (LG—injury, but without exercise), and treated group (LEG—injury and physical exercise). LG and LEG were subjected to sciatic nerve compression with hemostat. From the 3rd day after injury began treatment with exercise, and after 22 days occurs the removal of a nerve fragment for morphological analysis.Results. Regarding allodynia, CG obtained values less than EG(p=0.012)and larger than LG and LEG(p<0.001). Histological results showed that CG and EG had normal appearance, as LG and LEG showed up with large amounts of inflammatory infiltration, degeneration and disruption of nerve fibers, and reduction of the myelin sheath; however LEG presented some regenerated fibers. From the morphometric data there were significant differences, for nerve fiber diameter, comparing CG with LG and LEG and comparing axon diameter and the thickness of the myelin of the CG to others.Conclusion. Climb stairs resistance exercise was not effective to speed up the regenerative process of axons.

scholarly journals Jumping in aquatic environment after sciatic nerve compression: nociceptive evaluation and morphological characteristics of the soleus muscle of Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Aline Malanotte ◽  
Camila Mayumi Martin Kakihata ◽  
Jhenifer Karvat ◽  
Rose Meire Costa Brancalhão ◽  
Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Lesion Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Compressive Neuropathy

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effect of jumping in aquatic environment on nociception and in the soleus muscle of trained and not trained Wistar rats, in the treatment of compressive neuropathy of the sciatic nerve. Methods Twenty-five Wistar rats were distributed into five groups: Control, Lesion, Trained + Lesion, Lesion + Exercise, and Trained + Lesion + Exercise. The training was jumping exercise in water environment for 20 days prior to injury, and treatment after the injury. Nociception was evaluated in two occasions, before injury and seven after injury. On the last day of the experiment, the right soleus muscles were collected, processed and analyzed as to morphology and morphometry. Results In the assessment of nociception in the injury site, the Control Group had higher average than the rest, and the Lesion Group was larger than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. The Control Group showed higher nociceptive threshold in paw, compared to the others. In the morphometric analysis, in relation to Control Group, all the injured groups showed decreased muscle fiber area, and in the Lesion Group was lower than in the Lesion + Exercise Group and Trained + Lesion Group. Considering the diameter of the muscle fiber, the Control Group had a higher average than the Trained + Lesion Group and the Trained + Lesion + Exercise Group; and the Lesion Group showed an average lower than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. Conclusion Resistance exercise produced increased nociception. When performed prior or after nerve damage, it proved effective in avoiding hypotrophy. The combination of the two protocols led to decrease in diameter and area of the muscle fiber.

scholarly journals Analysis of the muscle tissue of Wistar rats submitted to the sciatic nerve compression model and cryotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhenifer Karvat ◽  
Camila Mayumi Martin Kakihata ◽  
Lizyana Vieira ◽  
José Luis da Conceição Silva ◽  
Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of right sciatic nerve compression and cryotherapy on muscle tissue. Methods: We used 42 male Wistar rats, subdivided in the following Groups Control, Injury 3, Injury 8 and Injury 15 submitted to nerve compression and euthanized in the 3rd, 8th and 15th day after surgery. The Cryotherapy Injury 3 was entailed treatment with cryotherapy by immersion of the animal in recipient for 20 minutes during 1 day, then animals were euthanized at the 3rd day after surgery, and the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 was treated for 6 days, and euthanized at the 8th and 15th day after surgery. Functional evaluation was performed by the grasping strength of the right pelvic limb. The right tibialis anterior muscles were evaluated for mass, smaller diameter and cross-sectional area. In the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 groups, the hydroxyproline was dosed in the right soles. Results: In the compression there was a significant difference in the Injury Groups compared with the Control Group (p<0.05). In the smaller diameter, the compression in Control Group was higher than Injury 8 (p=0.0094), Injury 15 (p=0.002) and Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001) groups. The comparison between groups with euthanasia in the same post-operative period, a significant difference (p=0.0363) was seen in day 8th after surgery, and this result in Cryotherapy Injury Group was greater than Injury Group. In the fiber area, Control Group was also higher than the Injury 8 (p=0.0018), the Injury 15 (p<0.001) and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001). In hydroxyproline, no significant difference was seen between groups. Conclusion: Nerve damage resulted in decreased muscle strength and trophism, the cryotherapy delayed hypotrophy, but this effect did not persist after cessation of treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin, and Thiazolidinediones on Bone Histomorphometry in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Postmenopausal Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Derya Köseoğlu ◽  
Gülnur Take ◽  
Banu Aktaş Yılmaz ◽  
Erdal Kan ◽  
Nuri Çakır
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Histomorphometry ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Skeletal Disease ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disease with low bone mass and bone microarchitectural disorganization. Thiazolidinediones (TZD) increase insulin sensitivity through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). One of the most important side effects of this drugs is its effects on bone, especially in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM), insulin, and TZDs on bone in postmenopausal Wistar rats. Methods: Sixteen postmenopausal Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (i) control group, (ii) Streptozotocin-induced DM group without treatment, (iii) Streptozotocin-induced DM group with insulin therapy, and (iv) Streptozotocin-induced DM group receiving rosiglitazone. Pictures of the obtained samples were taken under computer-equipped photo-light microscope, and bone tissue ratios were calculated in an area of 1 mm2. In this area, trabecular thicknesses were measured from six randomly selected regions. In addition, femoral neck regions were determined by measuring the farthest distance. Results: Compared to the control group, trabecular thicknesses were decreased in the uncontrolled DM and rosiglitazone groups. In the rosiglitazone-treated group, trabecular thickness was decreased compared to the uncontrolled DM group. The histological examination of the bones showed that uncontrolled DM and rosiglitazone treatment negatively affected the osteoblast and osteocyte activity. Insulin-treated group had a similar histologic examination compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our study showed that DM had unfavorable effects on bones, and rosiglitazone further exerts this effect. However, the negative effect of DM may be neutralized with the use of insulin. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, bone, osteoporosis, bone histomorphometry, rosiglitazone, insulin, thiazolidinediones

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOMODULATORY POTENTIAL OF AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION, NIROCIL SYRUP IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
DINESH DILIP GHADIGAONKAR ◽  
MUKESH B CHAWDA ◽  
KAPIL S THAKUR
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Animal Ethics ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Prior Approval ◽  
Hemagglutination Titer ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential

Objective: This study aims to assess the immunomodulatory potential of an Ayurvedic formulation, Nirocil syrup, in Wistar rats. Methods: The experiments were conducted on Wistar rats with prior approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Nirocil syrup was administered for 6 weeks to experimental animals. Parameters such as hemagglutination titer, histopathology of immunological organs, complete blood count, differential leukocyte count, and immunological paw edema were recorded and compared with controlled (untreated) and becozinc treated groups. Results: Nirocil treated group significantly enhanced the antibody titer in comparison to the control group. The results are supported by the increase in blood lymphocyte count and antigenic stimulation in immunological organs (spleen). Nirocil syrup enhanced antibody formation and suppressed the immunological edema in experimental animals. Conclusions: The study concludes that the Ayurvedic formulation Nirocil syrup has immunopotentiating activity.

scholarly journals Effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet consumption in diabetic rats: Beneficial impact on glycemic and weight control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 16984-16996
Author(s):  
MMC Anyakudo ◽  
◽  
DO Adeniji ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formulated Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

The metabolic response to nutrient ingestion and the rate of digestion and absorption of nutrient molecules in bowel physiology plays an important role in the metabolic control of some human chronic non-infectious diseases. This experimentally-controlled designed nutritional study which lasted eight weeks aimed to determine the effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP/LC) formulated diet on glycemic tolerance, glycemic control, body weight, organ weight and organ morphometry in healthy and diabetic adult male Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats purchased from a disease-free stock were randomly categorized into four groups (n = 6, each) after two weeks acclimatization period in raised stainless steel cages with 6 mm2mesh floor and replaceable numbered blotters papers placed under each cage in a well-ventilated animal house. Animal groups include: Healthy control group (HC), Healthy treated group (HT), Diabetic control group (DC) and Diabetic treated group (DT. The animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitumfor eight weeks. Diabetes was inducted with freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate solution (150 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally). Body weights and fasting blood sugar concentrations were measured twice weekly, while oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the last day of the eighth-week study and subsequently followed by organs extraction after anesthesia for weight and gross assessment. Proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet caused significant reduction in mean body weight of treated diabetic (DT: 22.6%; P= .001) and healthy (HT: 5.8%; P= .007) rats while the control animals on control diet recorded significant (P< .05) increase in body weight gain (DC: 12.4%; HC: 11.2%). Glycemic tolerance and control improved significantly in diabetic treated rats over that of the healthy treated rats. Gross morphometry of the extracted organs (kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, spleen and testes) revealed sustained normal morphological features without any visible lesion. In conclusion, consumption of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet enhanced body weight reduction and sustained normal organ morphological features with good glycemic tolerance and control in experimental rats, suggesting its dietary potentiality, safety and suitability to ameliorate obesity-related diabetes.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin C on Endosulfan-induced oxidative stress parameters in prepubertal rats

Biomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Manokaran ◽  
Vasanthalaxmi Krishnananda Rao ◽  
Nilima . ◽  
Manjula Shimoga Durgoji Rao ◽  
Sucheta Prasanna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Testicular Weight

Introduction and Aim: Oxidative stress plays a very important role in endosulfan-induced toxic effects on reproductive organs. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant which plays an important role in decreasing oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of vitamin C against endosulfan-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. To investigate a protective effect of vitamin C against endosulfan induced toxicity on biochemical changes. Materials and Methods: Seventy male neonatal Wistar rats were divided into  seven groups. The group  I was taken as the control group, the endosulfan-treated were grouped into II (3 mg/kg body weight (BW) and group III (6 mg/kg BW), Group IV (9 mg/kg BW) and Group V (12 mg/kg BW). Group VI (9 mg/kg BW) and group VII (12 mg/kg BW) were pretreated with vitamin C (20 mg/kg BW) for 60 days. After  the experimental procedures, the testicular weight, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme and testosterone in plasma, LDH, steroidogenic enzymes 3?-HSD and 17?-HSD in testis were evaluated. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance. Results: Significant improvement in the testicular weight (P<0.05) , LDH (P<0.05) levels both in plasma and testis, increase in testosterone(P<0.001) and steroidogenic enzyme levels(P<0.001) was observed in the group pretreated with vitamin C treated group when compared to the endosulfan treated group. Conclusion: Vitamin C decreases the toxic effect of endosulfan on testis. The present action might be  due to its antioxidative properties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rat Muscle Structure in Pre-Menopausal Period after Regular Resistance Exercise and Taking Vitamin D and Calcium Supplements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini Sisi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Vafaeenasab ◽  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Calcium Supplements

Introduction: Menopause can change the musculoskeletal system by reducing estrogen hormone levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular resistance training accompanied by vitamins D and calcium supplements during pre-menopausal period on muscle tissues of Wistar rats’ postmenopausal period. Methods: In this experimental study, female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, placebo, vitamins D, Calcium, excercise, vitamins D- Calcium, vitamins.D- excercise, Calcium - excercise, and vitamins.D‐ Calcium - excercise groups. Control and placebo groups were fed with a standard diet and sesame oil, respectively. The amount of calcium consumed was 35 mg / kg and the amount of vitamin D was 10000 IU during the two-month period, and in the resistance training groups, two months of training was performed with a ladder. Then ovariectomy was done and sample of the gastrocnemius muscle was taken and the diameter of muscle fiber, the number of muscle and adipocyte cell as well as the number of inflammatory cells were studied. The statistical analysis by means of one-way ANOVA and SPSS version 20 was performed. Results: Compared to the control group, the increase in the number of adipocyte cells were observed in the vitamin D, calcium-vitamin D, vitamin D-resistance exercise and placebo groups but it was not significantly different. Muscle fiber diameter significantly increased in all groups compared to the control group (P <0.001). The number of muscle cells increased significantly in the calcium-resistance exercise group (103± 9), vitamin D-resistance exercise (105 ±6.9) and calcium-vitamin D-resistance exercise (114 ± 3.16) compared to the control group, while, there was a significant increase in inflammatory cells only in the control and placebo groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Regular resistance exercise accompanied with vitamin D and Calcium supplements in premenopausal period can improve muscle fiber diameter and muscle cell numbers; in addition, the process of decrease in the muscle strength and muscle inflammation during menopause will be delayed.

Combined but not single administration of vitamin C and l-carnitine ameliorates cisplatin-induced gastric mucosa damage in male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 830-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modinat Adebukola Adefisayo ◽  
Wale Johnson Adeyemi ◽  
Quadri Kunle Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Gastric Mucosa Damage

Although cisplatin is a potent anticancer drug, it instigates oxidative and pro-inflammatory reactions that pose significant and distressing clinical symptoms. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of vitamin C and (or) l-carnitine on cisplatin-induced gastric mucosa damage in rat. The rats were allocated into 6 groups (n = 5). The control group received distilled water, while the treatment groups received cisplatin alone (CIP), or cisplatin with vitamin C, l-carnitine, or their combination. Cisplatin caused disruption of the gastric mucosa histoarchitecture and altered the mucus barrier function. Moreover, the stomach tissue of the CIP-treated group showed increased levels of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and H2O2) and decreased activities of antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) and non-antioxidant (reduced glutathione) enzymes. These deleterious events were accompanied with significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory infiltration markers, myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. However, the administration of both vitamin C and l-carnitine, and not either of the two showed additive effects in attenuating the adverse effects of cisplatin. The histological results agreed with the biochemical assays. The study concluded that the combined administration of vitamin C and l-carnitine, but not the single therapy, could prevent the adverse effects of cisplatin on gastric tissue.

scholarly journals Effect of Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica Gum in Experimental Periodontitis Induced in Wistar Rats by Utilization of Osteoclastogenic Bone Markers

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5819
Author(s):  
Shokhan H. Azeez ◽  
Shanaz M. Gaphor ◽  
Aram M. Sha ◽  
Balkees T. Garib
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
Serum Rankl

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of local application of essential oil of Pistacia atlantica kurdica (EOK) gel in treatment of experimentally induced periodontitis in rats and its effect on osteoclastogenic bone markers. Twenty-four male Wistar rats of 250 to 350 g were used in this study and were allocated into four groups. Control negative (without induced periodontitis), control positive (induced experimental periodontitis left without treatment), treatment control (induced experimental periodontitis and treated with Chlorhexidine gel) and EOK treated group (induced experimental periodontitis treated with EOK gel). The animals were sacrificed after 30 days, and the mandibular central incisor and surrounding tissue were dissected from the mandible and further processed for preparing H&E slides. Inflammatory cells, osteoclast cells, and periodontal ligament (PDL) were examined and measured histologically. Finally, the mean concentrations of both markers, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and (Interleukin-1β) IL-1β, were analyzed by ELISA. A significant reduction of inflammatory reaction and osteoclast numbers with improvement of PDL and low mean concentrations of RANKL and IL-1β were seen in the EOK treated group in comparison to the control group and the chlorhexidine group as well. The extract showed a protective effect in the healing of periodontitis that had been induced in rats and decreased bone resorption by down regulation of serum RANKL and IL-1β markers.

VULNERABILITY OF THE GRADUALLY ELONGATED NERVE TO COMPRESSION INJURY

Hand Surgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Ikeda ◽  
Mitsuteru Yokoyama ◽  
Katsuro Tomita ◽  
Shigenori Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Sciatic Nerves

The purpose of this study is to clarify the vulnerability of the gradually elongated peripheral nerve. Rabbit's sciatic nerves were gradually elongated to 30 mm at the rate of 2.0 mm/day and 4.0 mm/day. Immediately after elongation, the sciatic nerve was exposed and compressed for 30 minutes at various forces, 15, 30 and 60 g/0.1 cm2. Immediately after elongation and compression, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after compression, each group was electrophysiologically and histologically estimated — 15 g/0.1 cm2 caused no damage to the control group, neurapraxia to the 2.0 mm/day group, and axonotmesis to the 4.0 mm/day group; 30 g/0.1 cm2 caused neurapraxia to the control group and axonotmesis to the 2.0 mm/day group; 60 g/0.1 cm2 caused axonotmesis to the control group and slowly recovered axonotmesis to the 2.0 mm/day group. This study shows that though mild compression, does not cause nerve injury to the intact nerve, it can sometimes cause severe damage to the gradual elongated nerve.

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