scholarly journals Modulation ofmecA Gene Expression by Essential Oil fromSalvia sclareaand Synergism with Oxacillin in Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus epidermidisCarrying Different Types of Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassettemec

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Chovanová ◽  
Mária Mikulášová ◽  
Štefánia Vaverková
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Salvia Sclarea ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Checkerboard Assay ◽  
Time Kill

The essential oil (EO) fromSalvia sclareawas shown to increase the susceptibility of methicillin resistantStaphylococcus epidermidis(MRSE) isolates to oxacillin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of EO fromS. sclareaon expression ofmecA gene of MRSE carrying different types of staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec) and to evaluate potential synergistic effect of EO with oxacillin. Using real-time PCR we found that EO alone inhibited the expression of the resistant genesmecA,mecR1, andmecI andblaZ,blaR1, andblaI. The use of the combination of EO with oxacillin resulted in significantly inhibited expression ofmecA gene in all tested strains with different types of SCCmec. Using time-kill assay and checkerboard assay we confirmed synergistic effect of EO fromS. sclareaand oxacillin in MRSE.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Colistin Combined with PFK-158 against Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youwen Zhang ◽  
Xiukun Wang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Limin Dong ◽  
Xinxin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Checkerboard Assay ◽  
High Level ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT As increasing numbers of colistin-resistant bacteria emerge, new therapies are urgently needed to treat infections caused by these pathogens. The discovery of new combination therapies is one important way to solve such problems. Here, we report that the antitumor drug PFK-158 and its analogs PFK-015 and 3PO can exert synergistic effects with colistin against colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including mcr-1-positive or high-level-colistin-resistant (HLCR) isolates, as shown by a checkerboard assay. The results of a time-kill assay revealed that colistin combined with PFK-158 continuously eliminated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli 13-43, Klebsiella pneumoniae H04, and Enterobacter cloacae D01 in 24 h. Images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 5 h postinoculation confirmed the killing effect of the combination. Finally, in vivo treatment showed that PFK-158 had a better synergistic effect than its analogs. Compared to the corresponding rates after colistin monotherapy, the survival rates of systemically infected mice were significantly increased 30% or 60% when the mice received an intravenous injection of colistin in combination with 15 mg/kg of body weight PFK-158. These results have important implications for repurposing PFK-158 to combat colistin resistance.

Gene Expression Analysis by Real-Time PCR in Nasal Brushings of Adult Patients with Allergic Rhinitis, Suspected Allergic Rhinitis, and Nonallergic Rhinitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Wenyu She ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Xiangdong Wang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Mixed Group ◽  
Nonallergic Rhinitis ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Serum Total Ige

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Epithelial gene expression in allergic rhinitis patients has been evaluated by microarray. However, gene expression in patients with nonallergic rhinitis and suspected allergic rhinitis who reported allergen-related nasal symptoms but presented a negative atopic test was unknown. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this study was to observe and compare epithelial gene expression in patients with allergic rhinitis, suspected allergic rhinitis, and nonallergic rhinitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Nasal brushings were collected from healthy controls and from patients with allergic rhinitis, suspected allergic rhinitis, and nonallergic rhinitis. The expressions of 20 genes selected from a previous microarray study were measured by real-time PCR. Associations of these genes with allergen type, disease duration and severity, the grade of nasal smear eosinophilia, and serum total IgE were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twelve genes were confirmed to be upregulated in current adult allergic rhinitis patients allergic to multiple allergens, and 10 of them were also increased in the suspected allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis groups. TFF3 and ITLN1 expressions were increased in allergic rhinitis and suspected allergic rhinitis, but not nonallergic rhinitis. Different expressions between the allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis groups were found for 3 genes: CST1, TFF3, and ITLN1. In the allergic rhinitis patients, all 12 genes were upregulated in the seasonal and perennial groups; 9 of these 12 genes were also upregulated in the mixed group. In suspected allergic rhinitis patients, all 12 genes were upregulated in the perennial group; 8 of these 12 genes were also upregulated in the seasonal group and only 5 in the mixed group. No gene expression was associated with disease duration and serum total IgE. GCNT3 was positively correlated with the grade of nasal smear eosinophilia in the suspected allergic rhinitis group. Different genes were found to be associated with disease severity in different rhinitis groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Patients with allergic rhinitis, suspected allergic rhinitis, and nonallergic rhinitis showed much similarity with regard to epithelial gene expression; most genes were related to Th2 inflammation. CST1, TFF3, and ITLN1 might have the ability to differentiate allergic rhinitis from nonallergic rhinitis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying different types of rhinitis may be helpful for rhinitis diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Satureja khuzistanica essential oil (SKEO) extract on expression of lasA and lasB genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davoud Iman Islamieh ◽  
Davoud Afshar ◽  
Davoud Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

Background and Objectives: Expressions of lasA and lasB genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with bacteri- um pathogenicity. The present study was aimed to assess the effect of Satureja khuzistanica essential oil (SKEO) extract on expression of lasA and lasB genes in P. aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were cultured in Mueller Hinton broth containing sub-inhibi- tory concentrations of SKEO and total RNA extracted using Trizol method. cDNA was synthesized using random Hexamer primer and finally the expression of lasA and lasB genes carried out by real-time PCR. Results: The MICs of SKEO extract for PA9, PA10, PA11, PA13, PA41 and PA42 isolates were 8, 8, 8, 9, 7 and 12 µg/ml, respectively. Statistical analysis for 6 isolates revealed that the reduction in expression of lasA and lasB genes under SKEO treatment was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The insignificantly increasing of lasB gene expression may lead to low virulent strains, for probably reason that the strain’s exotoxin A are destroyed in the high amount of protease. In conclusion, using of SKEO in burned patients infected with P. aeruginosa may be effective; however, it is better to assess the spectrum activity of SKEO, pharmacokinet- ics, potency and its toxicity in human cells.

Respon Morfologis dan Ekspresi Gen Aquaporin pada Padi IR 64 yang Mengalami Cekaman Kekeringan pada Fase Reproduktif (Morphological Responses and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Rice IR64 under Drought Stress at the Reproductive Stage)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Pharmawati ◽  
Ni Nyoman Wirasiti ◽  
Luh Putu Wrasiati
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Aquaporin Gene ◽  
Peg Treatment

Abstrak Cekaman kekeringan merupakan faktor pembatas penting bagi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman termasuk padi.      Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respon padi IR64 terhadap cekaman kekeringan dengan pemberian polietilen glikol (PEG) pada fase reproduktif.  Penelitian juga bertujuan menganalisis ekspresi gen aquaporin akibat cekaman kekeringan.  Bibit padi ditanam dalam pot dan perlakuan PEG dengan konsentrasi 108g/L (-0.25MPa) dan 178g/L (-0.52 MPa) diberikan saat munculnya panikula. Perlakuan diberikan selama 2 minggu, kemudian tanaman disiram kembali.  Ekspresi gen diamati pada akhir perlakuan dengan semi kuantitatif real time PCR.  Ekstraksi RNA menggunakan RNeasy plant mini kit, sedangkan sintesis cDNA menggunakan Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Kit.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah malai dan berat total malai berkurang akibat cekaman kekeringan.  Persentase gabah kosong mencapai 84,6% pada perlakuan PEG-0,52 MPa, sedangkan pada perlakuan PEG -0,25 MPa persentase gabah kosong sebesar 67,8%.  Pada kontrol persentase gabah kosong adalah 10,3%.  Ekspresi gen OsPIP2;7 sedikit menurun pada perlakuan PEG -0,52 MPa.Kata kunci: ekspresi gen, IR64, kekeringan, padi, PEG  Abstract Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of plant growth and productivity including rice.  The aim of this study was to analyze responses of IR64 rice to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced-drought stress at the reproductive stage.  This study also aimed to analyze the expression of aquaporin under drought stress.  Rice seedlings were grown in pot system and PEG treatment at concentration of -0.25MPa (108g/L) and -0.52 MPa (178g/L) were given when the panicles arose.  Treatments were conducted for 2 weeks, after that the plants were rewatered.  Gene expression was evaluated at the end of PEG treatment using semi quantitative real time PCR. RNA was extracted using RNeasy plant mini kit, while cDNA synthesis was done using Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Kit.  The results showed that the number and weight of rice ear were less in plant treated with PEG than in control.  The percentage of empty rice grain reached 84.6% at PEG -0.52 MPa, while at PEG -0.25 MPa the percentage of empty grain was 67.8%.  In control plant, the percentage of empty grain was 10.3%.  Drought stress did not alter the expression of OsPIP2;7.  Keywords: drought, gene expression, IR64, PEG, rice

scholarly journals Endolysosomal Cation Channels and MITF in Melanocytes and Melanoma

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Carla Abrahamian ◽  
Christian Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Cation Channels ◽  
Pore Channel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Canonical Wnt ◽  
The Relationship

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is the principal transcription factor regulating pivotal processes in melanoma cell development, growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation and invasion. In recent years, convincing evidence has been provided attesting key roles of endolysosomal cation channels, specifically TPCs and TRPMLs, in cancer, including breast cancer, glioblastoma, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. In this review, we provide a gene expression profile of these channels in different types of cancers and decipher their roles, in particular the roles of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) and TRPML1 in melanocytes and melanoma. We specifically discuss the signaling cascades regulating MITF and the relationship between endolysosomal cation channels, MAPK, canonical Wnt/GSK3 pathways and MITF.

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