scholarly journals Development of Oral Dissolvable Films of Diclofenac Sodium for Osteoarthritis Using Albizia and Khaya Gums as Hydrophilic Film Formers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Aduenimaa Bonsu ◽  
Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye ◽  
Samuel Lugrie Kipo ◽  
Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi ◽  
Mary-Ann Fosu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Diffusion ◽  
Ftir Studies ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Excipient Compatibility

Oral dissolvable films (ODFs) of diclofenac sodium intended for osteoarthritis were prepared using Albizia and Khaya gums as hydrophilic film formers. The physicochemical properties of the gums were characterized and the gums were used to prepare diclofenac sodium ODFs (~50 mg/4 cm2 film) by solvent casting. The two gums showed satisfactory film forming properties. The physicomechanical properties, drug-excipient compatibility, and in vitro drug release of the films in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 were studied. Khaya gum had higher extraction yield, moisture content, insoluble matter and true density while Albizia gum showed greater swelling capacity, solubility, and minerals content. The ODFs were thin, soft, and flexible with smooth glossy surfaces and possessed satisfactory physicomechanical properties. FTIR studies showed that no interaction occurred between the drug and the gums. The ODFs disintegrated in <45 s achieved >75% drug release within 7 min with dissolution efficiencies of ~83–96%. Drug releases from F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6 were similar to F1 (p>0.05; f1<15 and f2≥50) while F7 differed markedly from F1 (p<0.001; f1>15 and f2<50). Drug release followed the Higuchi kinetic model which is indicative of Fickian drug diffusion.

scholarly journals Prototype Gastro-Resistant Soft Gelatin Films and Capsules—Imaging and Performance In Vitro

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
Bartosz Maciejewski ◽  
Vishnu Arumughan ◽  
Anette Larsson ◽  
Małgorzata Sznitowska
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Gelatin Film ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Phthalate ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Gelatin Films ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
And Performance

The following study is a continuation of the previous work on preparation of gastro-resistant films by incorporation of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) into the soft gelatin film. An extended investigation on the previously described binary Gelatin-CAP and ternary Gelatin-CAP-carrageenan polymer films was performed. The results suggest that the critical feature behind formation of the acid-resistant films is a spinodal decomposition in the film-forming mixture. In the obtained films, upon submersion in an acidic medium, gelatin swells and dissolves, exposing a CAP-based acid-insoluble skeleton, partially coated by a residue of other ingredients. The dissolution-hindering effect appears to be stronger when iota-carrageenan is added to the film-forming mixture. The drug release study performed in enhancer cells confirmed that diclofenac sodium is not released in the acidic medium, however, at pH 6.8 the drug release occurs. The capsules prepared with a simple lab-scale process appear to be resistant to disintegration of the shell structure in acid, although imperfections of the sealing have been noticed.

scholarly journals Fabrication and In Vitro Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Polymeric Hydrogels as Controlled Release Carriers

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suhail ◽  
Chih-Wun Fang ◽  
Arshad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Usman Minhas ◽  
Pao-Chu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Release Studies

The purpose of the current investigation was to develop chondroitin sulfate/carbopol-co-poly(acrylic acid) (CS/CBP-co-PAA) hydrogels for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS). Different concentrations of polymers chondroitin sulfate (CS), carbopol 934 (CBP), and monomer acrylic acid (AA) were cross-linked by ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) in the presence of ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) (initiator). The fabricated hydrogels were characterized for further experiments. Characterizations such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were conducted to understand the surface morphology, thermodynamic stability, crystallinity of the drug, ingredients, and developed hydrogels. The swelling and drug release studies were conducted at two different pH mediums (pH 1.2 and 7.4), and pH-dependent swelling and drug release was shown due to the presence of functional groups of both polymers and monomers; hence, greater swelling and drug release was observed at the higher pH (pH 7.4). The percent drug release of the developed system and commercially available product cataflam was compared and high controlled release of the drug from the developed system was observed at both low and high pH. The mechanism of drug release from the hydrogels followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Conclusively, the current research work demonstrated that the prepared hydrogel could be considered as a suitable candidate for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium.

scholarly journals Assessment of a mathematical model considering the effect of flow rate on in-vitro drug-release from PLGA films

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Navideh Abbasnezhad ◽  
Farid Bakir ◽  
Stéphane Champmartin ◽  
Mohammadali Shirinbayan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Drug Eluting Stents ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Release Profiles

Drug-eluting stents implanted in blood vessels are subject to various dynamics of blood flow. In this study, we present the evaluation of a mathematical model considering the effect of flow rate, to simulate the kinetic profiles of drug release (Diclofenac Sodium (DS)) from in-vitro from PLGA films. This model solves a set of non-linear equation for modeling simultaneously the burst, diffusion, swelling and erosion involved in the mechanisms of liberation. The release parameters depending on the flow rate are determined using the corresponding mathematical equations. For the evaluation of the proposed model, test data obtained in our laboratory are used. To quantify DS release from drug-carrier PLGA films, we used the flow-through cell apparatus in a closed-loop. Four flow rate values are applied. For each value, the model-substance liberation kinetics showed an increase in drug released with the flow rate. The simulated release profiles show good agreement with the experimental results. Therefore, the use of this model could provide a practical tool to assess in-vitro drug release profiles from polymer matrices under continuous flow rate constraint, and could help improve the design of drug eluting stents.

Modulation of Drug Release from Natural Rubber Coated Capsule Loaded with Sodium Bicarbonate and Camphor

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Thawatchai Phaechamud
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Hard Gelatin Capsule ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature

Natural rubber (NR) has the distinguished film forming and hydrophobic properties. If it could be reformed by an addition of some pore forming agents, the porous topography of this produced material would be interesting for applying in controlled release system. The purpose of this study is to investigate on characterization of film coat and release of propranolol hydrochloride (P) from capsules coated with NR latex. The experimental methods involved the preparation of NR film which was optimally prepared by dipping technique followed by drying onto hard gelatin capsule. The drug release was determined for coated systems fabricated with two different techniques (the dissolving of sodium bicarbonate and the sublimation of ammonium carbonate or camphor). It indicated that ammonium carbonate was incompatible with NR latex. The extent of overall in vitro release of P into HCl buffer pH 1.2 from plain NR film coated capsule at 8 h was approximately 1%. However, the decrease concentration of NR latex or addition of sodium bicarbonate or camphor could enhance the extent of drug release. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited the micro porous nature for systems loaded with sodium bicarbonate or camphor. Therefore the hydrophobic nature of NR was proper for sustainable drug release which an incorporation of some poring agent could modulate the release of active compounds.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORAL SWELLABLE RAPID RELEASE FILM WITH SUPERDISINTEGRANT-SURFACTANT

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
NEHA IMTIAZ ◽  
SUTAPA BISWAS MAJEE ◽  
GOPA ROY BISWAS
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Oral Films

Objective: Oral disintegrating films consisting of hydrophilic polymer are designed to be quickly hydrated by saliva, adhere to the mucosa and disintegrate rapidly to release the drug. The aim of the present study was to prepare stable, flexible swellable rapid release oral films with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E15 LV (HPMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in different ratios. Guar gum was incorporated as the mucoadhesive agent. In order to achieve rapid disintegration of the film cross carmellose sodium (superdisintegrant) and surfactant like Tween 80 were added. The model drug used in the study was diclofenac sodium. Methods: Films were developed using HPMC E15 LV and PVA by solvent casting method and characterized for thickness, swelling index, disintegration time, folding endurance, drug content, and in vitro drug release pattern and kinetics. Results: The prepared swellable rapid release oral films were quite flexible and transparent with a smooth texture. The swelling index study confirmed that the films possessed the desired swelling property. Fastest disintegration was observed with the oral film containing HPMC: PVA in the ratio of 2:1, guar gum at 120 mg, 20% w/w crosscarmellose sodium and 4%w/w Tween 80. The swellable rapid release oral films were found to follow either Higuchi or Korsmeyer-Peppas model with drug release following either Fickian or non-Fickian diffusion. Maximum drug release of around 70% was observed from the above-mentioned film in 1hr in simulated salivary fluid. Conclusion: Therefore, swellable rapid release oral films with HPMC E15 LV: PVA, guar gum, croscarmellose sodium and Tween 80 demonstrated satisfactory swelling, rapid disintegration and improved drug release for oromucosal absorption.

scholarly journals Formulation optimisation and characterisation of azithromycin proniosome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Ramkanth S ◽  
Aravind M ◽  
Gayathri R ◽  
Benedict Jose C ◽  
Swetha V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Drug Diffusion ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Vesicle Shape ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The research was featured to formulate, characterise and optimise the Azithromycin Proniosome using the three-factor three-level Box Behnken scheme. The independent variables chosen were span 20 (X1), span 80 (X2) and phospholipids (X3) to assess their individual and shared response on entrapment efficiency (Y1) and % drug released at six h (Y2). Based on Box Behnken design, 15 formulations were prepared and optimised using Design Expert Version 12.0.10.0. The entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release were exposed to different regressions to setup a polynomial equation. The counterplots understood the connections between the independent and dependent factors. The congruity of the polynomial equations was tested by fixing three checkpoint groups. The optimised formulation was determined by point prediction method using the various constraints. The optimised batch was subjected to multiple parameters such as vesicle shape, viscosity, spread ability, drug content, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug diffusion and stability studies. The optimised formulation shows better physical and chemical stability which is confirmed by the results of various parameters. The in-vitro drug diffusion has observed to be 98.53% at 24th h obeying zero-order drug release with diffusion mediated non-fickian type of drug release kinetics. The formulation preserved at both refrigerated and room temperature shows better stability. This approach might be an additional finding in enhancing the adherence of patient and improves compliance.

scholarly journals Financial Soundness and Shareholder Value of Private Banks in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Abirami
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ftir Studies ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
Financial Soundness ◽  
Physical Mixtures

The objective of this study was to develop solid dispersions of Nifedipine which has low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Preliminary solubility studies were carried out using various hydrophilic polymers. The formulations were then optimized and evaluated by in-vitro dissolution studies, X-ray diffraction, FTIR and SEM. Formulation with 1:4:2 ratios of Nifedipine, Labrosol and SLS was found to be the best as it possessed better drug release properties compared to pure drug and other physical mixtures. The optimized formulation SD12 was found to have better drug release of 98.74±5.19% in 90 minutes. From FTIR studies no interaction was takes place between drug and polymers. XRD peaks indicate the successful transformation of drug from crystalline to amorphous form. The final results indicate that the solid dispersion of Nifedipine remained stable over 90 days.

Design, Development and Optimization of Pulsatile Core in Cup Tablets of Naproxen

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutu H. Patel ◽  
ImadHadi Hameed ◽  
Kunal N. Patel ◽  
Madhabhai M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Design Development ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Excipient Compatibility

The aim of the present study to prepare Pulsatile release tablet of naproxen for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The drug delivery system was designed to deliver the drug at a time when it could be most needful for the patient. Drug excipient compatibility studies were carried out using DSC and found to be compatible with each other. Pulsatile tablet was prepared by direct compression method using different type and amount of superdisintegrants and coating polymers and evaluated for pre and post compression parameters. Box Behnken design was applied to optimize responses. Concentrations of Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) (X1), Ethyl cellulose (EC) (X2), and HPMC K100M (X3) were selected as independent variables while Lag time (Y1) and % drug release at 8 hrs (Y2) were selected as dependent variables. The prepared tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters and results indicated that concentration of SSG has major effect on in vitro drug release while concentration of EC and HPMC K100M has major effect on Lag time. Batch BE13 prepared with SSG 35mg, EC 175mg, and HPMC K100M 75 mg was found to be best batch as it achieves predetermined lag time of 5 hr 02 min and 99.32% of drug release. There was no significant variation in formulation at the end of six month accelerated stability study.

Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablet of Ondansetron by Utilizing Liquisolid Compact Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Sanket Jain ◽  
Sujit Pillai ◽  
Rampal Singh Mandloi ◽  
Nikhlesh Birla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Dissolution Studies ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Ftir Studies ◽  
Site Of Action

Ondansetron is an anti-emetic drug which is insoluble in water. The present study was aimed to formulate and evaluate oral fast dissolving tablet of Ondansetron by Utilizing Liquisolid Compact Technique. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and characterized by UV, FTIR studies. Six formulations (F1-F6) of ondansetron were prepared and tablets were evaluated for weight variations, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration time, drug content and In-vitro dissolution studies gave satisfactory result. TF6 was found to be the best and acceptable formulation whose drug content was about 99.17±0.05 and percentage (%) drug release 97.49±2.03 in 10 min, high as compare to other formulation and has low disintegration time 17±0.01 as compare to other formulation which indicates that drug is rapidly dissolved and available at the site of action.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LAFUTIDINE AS IMMEDIATE RELEASE ORAL STRIP USING DIFFERENT TYPE OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Abdulhadee Jabir ◽  
Halah Talal Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Film Forming

Objective: The objective of the present study was to design and optimize oral fast dissolving film (OFDF) of practically insoluble drug lafutidine in order to enhance bioavailability and patient compliance especially for a geriatric and unconscious patient who are suffering from difficulty in swallowing.Methods: The films were prepared by a solvent casting method using low-grade hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC E5), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) as film forming polymers. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), propylene glycol (PG) and glycerin were used as a plasticizer to enhance the film forming properties of the polymer. Tween 80 (1% solution) and poloxamer407 were used as a surfactant, citric acid as a saliva stimulating agent, and croscarmellose as a super disintegrant. Films were then tested for both physical (weight variation, thickness, surface pH, drug content) and mechanical (folding endurance, tensile strength, percent elongation, Young's modulus) characteristics. In vitro disintegration, time and drug release profile were also determined for each formula.Results: Films were found to be satisfactory when evaluated for both physical and mechanical characterizations. The surface pH of all the films was found to be within the range of salivary pH 6.8. The USP dissolution apparatus type II (paddle type) was used for in vitro drug release studies. The optimized formulation F13 gave 100 % of drug released at 2 min. It also showed satisfactory surface pH (6.2±0.2), drug content (100.1±0.01%), the disintegration time of (7.0±0.5) seconds and the time needed for 80% of medication to be released (T80%) was 0.96 min.Conclusion: Lafutidine OFDF was formulated using HPMC E5 as film-forming a polymer with PEG400 as a plasticizer. Combination of tween80 (1% solution) and poloxamer407 as a surfactant were used in the presence of croscarmellose as a super disintegrant. The chosen OFDF disintegrates within seven seconds, releases the drug rapidly and gives an action.

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