scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Torque Teno Sus Virus and Coinfection with African Swine Fever Virus in Blood Samples of Pigs from Some Slaughterhouses in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pam D. Luka ◽  
Joseph Erume ◽  
Bitrus Yakubu ◽  
Olajide A. Owolodun ◽  
David Shamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Viral Nucleic Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Torque Teno Sus Virus

Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1a/TTSuV1b) infection is present in pig herds worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence of TTSuV1a/TTSuV1b infections in domestic pigs from some slaughterhouses in Nigeria as well as coinfection with African swine fever virus (ASFV) and described the phylogeny in relation to global strains. One hundred and eighty-one (181) blood samples from four slaughterhouses were used for the study and viral nucleic acid detection was carried out by PCR. Comparative sequence analysis was carried out to infer phylogeny. The overall prevalence of TTSuV1a/b was 17.7%. Prevalence of individual genotypes was 10.5% and 7.2% for TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b, respectively. Coinfection of ASFV/TTSuV1a/b was 7.7% while that of TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b was 1.7%. ASFV alone was detected in 11.91% of the total samples. The Nigerian TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b shared a sequence identity of 91–100% and 95–100%, respectively, among each other. The ASFV sequences were 100% identical to members of genotype 1. This is the first report on the presence of TTSuV1a/b in domestic pigs in Nigeria and coinfection with ASFV. Although the prevalence of TTSuV1a/b in Nigeria was low, we recommend further studies to establish the trend and possible role in the pathogenesis of ASFV.

scholarly journals Substitution of warthog NF-κB motifs into RELA of domestic pigs is not sufficient to confer resilience to African swine fever virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen McCleary ◽  
Rebecca Strong ◽  
Ronan R. McCarthy ◽  
Jane C. Edwards ◽  
Emma L. Howes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Domestic Pigs

scholarly journals Identification of a Continuously Stable and Commercially Available Cell Line for the Identification of Infectious African Swine Fever Virus in Clinical Samples

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayushi Rai ◽  
Sarah Pruitt ◽  
Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina ◽  
Elizabeth A. Vuono ◽  
Ediane Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
High Degree

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is causing outbreaks both in domestic pigs and wild boar in Europe and Asia. In 2018, the largest pig producing country, China, reported its first outbreak of African swine fever (ASF). Since then, the disease has quickly spread to all provinces in China and to other countries in southeast Asia, and most recently to India. Outbreaks of the disease occur in Europe as far west as Poland, and one isolated outbreak has been reported in Belgium. The current outbreak strain is highly contagious and can cause a high degree of lethality in domestic pigs, leading to widespread and costly losses to the industry. Currently, detection of infectious ASFV in field clinical samples requires accessibility to primary swine macrophage cultures, which are infrequently available in most regional veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Here, we report the identification of a commercially available cell line, MA-104, as a suitable substrate for virus isolation of African swine fever virus.

scholarly journals Extension of Sylvatic Circulation of African Swine Fever Virus in Extralimital Warthogs in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Craig ◽  
Mathilde L. Schade-Weskott ◽  
Henry J. Harris ◽  
Livio Heath ◽  
Gideon J. P. Kriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
The South ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

Sylvatic circulation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in warthogs and Ornithodoros ticks that live in warthog burrows historically occurred in northern South Africa. Outbreaks of the disease in domestic pigs originated in this region. A controlled area was declared in the north in 1935 and regulations were implemented to prevent transfer of potentially infected suids or products to the rest of the country. However, over the past six decades, warthogs have been widely translocated to the south where the extralimital animals have flourished to become an invasive species. Since 2016, there have been outbreaks of ASF in pigs outside the controlled area that cannot be linked to transfer of infected animals or products from the north. An investigation in 2008–2012 revealed that the presence of Ornithodoros ticks and ASFV in warthog burrows extended marginally across the boundary of the controlled area. We found serological evidence of ASFV circulation in extralimital warthogs further south in the central part of the country.

scholarly journals An Isothermal Molecular Point of Care Testing for African Swine Fever Virus Using Recombinase-Aided Amplification and Lateral Flow Assay Without the Need to Extract Nucleic Acids in Blood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Zhang ◽  
Qingmei Li ◽  
Junqing Guo ◽  
Dongliang Li ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Lateral Flow Assay ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Blood Samples

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and usually deadly porcine infectious disease listed as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). It has brought huge economic losses worldwide, especially since 2018, the first outbreak in China. As there are still no effective vaccines available to date, diagnosis of ASF is essential for its surveillance and control, especially in areas far from city with limited resources and poor settings. In this study, a sensitive, specific, rapid, and simple molecular point of care testing for African swine fever virus (ASFV) B646L gene in blood samples was established, including treatment of blood samples with simple dilution and boiling for 5 min, isothermal amplification with recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) at 37°C in a water bath for 10 min, and visual readout with lateral flow assay (LFA) at room temperature for 10–15 min. Without the need to extract viral DNA in blood samples, the intact workflow from sampling to final diagnostic decision can be completed with minimal equipment requirement in 30 min. The detection limit of RAA-LFA for synthesized B646L gene-containing plasmid was 10 copies/μl, which was 10-fold more sensitive than OIE-recommended PCR and quantitative PCR. In addition, no positive readout of RAA-LFA was observed in testing classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus 2, exhibiting good specificity. Evaluation of clinical blood samples of RAA-LFA showed 100% coincident rate with OIE-recommended PCR, in testing both extracted DNAs and treated bloods. We also found that some components in blood samples greatly inhibited PCR performance, but had little effect on RAA. Inhibitory effect can be eliminated when blood was diluted at least 32–64-fold for direct PCR, while only a 2–4 fold dilution of blood was suitable for direct RAA, indicating RAA is a better choice than PCR when blood is used as detecting sample. Taken together, we established an sensitive, specific, rapid, and simple RAA-LFA for ASFV molecular detection without the need to extract viral DNA, providing a good choice for point of care testing of ASF diagnosis in the future.

scholarly journals Impaired T‐cell responses in domestic pigs and wild boar upon infection with a highly virulent African swine fever virus strain

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 3016-3032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hühr ◽  
Alexander Schäfer ◽  
Theresa Schwaiger ◽  
Laura Zani ◽  
Julia Sehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Highly Virulent

scholarly journals Comparative Pathology of Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar Infected with the Moderately Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Strain “Estonia 2014”

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Julia Sehl ◽  
Jutta Pikalo ◽  
Alexander Schäfer ◽  
Kati Franzke ◽  
Katrin Pannhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Kinetic Experiment ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Hunting Bag ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Baltic

Endemically infected European wild boar are considered a major reservoir of African swine fever virus in Europe. While high lethality was observed in the majority of field cases, strains of moderate virulence occurred in the Baltic States. One of these, “Estonia 2014”, led to a higher number of clinically healthy, antibody-positive animals in the hunting bag of North-Eastern Estonia. Experimental characterization showed high virulence in wild boar but moderate virulence in domestic pigs. Putative pathogenic differences between wild boar and domestic pigs are unresolved and comparative pathological studies are limited. We here report on a kinetic experiment in both subspecies. Three animals each were euthanized at 4, 7, and 10 days post infection (dpi). Clinical data confirmed higher virulence in wild boar although macroscopy and viral genome load in blood and tissues were comparable in both subspecies. The percentage of viral antigen positive myeloid cells tested by flow cytometry did not differ significantly in most tissues. Only immunohistochemistry revealed consistently higher viral antigen loads in wild boar tissues in particular 7 dpi, whereas domestic pigs already eliminated the virus. The moderate virulence in domestic pigs could be explained by a more effective viral clearance.

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