scholarly journals Schisandrin B: A Double-Edged Sword in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pou Kuan Leong ◽  
Kam Ming Ko
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Schisandrin B ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver lesions ranging from hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The high global prevalence of NAFLD has underlined the important public health implications of this disease. The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves the abnormal accumulation of free fatty acids, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and a proinflammatory state in the liver. Schisandrin B (Sch B), an active dibenzooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruit ofSchisandra chinensis(a traditional Chinese herb), was found to possess antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-ER stress, and anti-inflammatory activities in cultured hepatocytesin vitroand in rodent liversin vivo. Whereas a long-term, low dose regimen of Sch B induces an antihyperlipidemic response in obese mice fed a high fat diet, a single bolus high dose of Sch B increases serum/hepatic lipid levels in mice. This differential action of Sch B is likely related to a dose/time-dependent biphasic response on lipid metabolism in mice. The hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B against oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation has been widely reported. The ensemble of results suggests that Sch B may offer potential as a therapeutic agent for NAFLD. The optimal dose and duration of Sch B treatment need to be established in order to ensure maximal efficacy and safety when used in humans.

Prevention of Obesity-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Grape Pomace Extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-421
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Wang Huali ◽  
Ai Min ◽  
Pan Jian
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of grape pomace extracts on obesity-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. To this end, forty male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups and were fed regular chow, high-fat diet, high-fat diet plus low-dose grape pomace extract (0.5%, w/w) or high-dose (2%, w/w) grape pomace extract (GPE) for 16 weeks. We observed that lipid concentrations (triglyceride and cholesterol) were elevated in the plasma and liver in rats on a high-fat diet and also on those receiving 2% GPE with high-fat diet. These changes were resulting from the downregulation of lipogenic enzymes and stimulation of hepatic lipolysis. A high-fat diet-mediated increase in hepatic oxidative stress was reduced by GPE. The plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased by GPE. These results suggest that the supplementation with GPE may ameliorate adiposity, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-fed rats and potentially retard the development of obesity-induced NAFLD.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hemodialysis Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Jung Wu ◽  
Jin-Bor Chen ◽  
Wen-Chin Lee ◽  
Hwee-Yeong Ng ◽  
Shu-Ching Lien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Cellulose Membrane ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Copy Numbers

Introduction. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more common around the world and it may progress to cirrhosis and liver failure, increasing mortality risk. In hemodialysis (HD) patients, NAFLD may be a novel risk factor for their high cardiovascular mortality. Heightened oxidative stress is highly prevalent in HD patients. However, the relationship between oxidative stress and NAFLD in HD patients is not well defined.Methods. We studied seventy-one stable nondiabetic HD patients. Nineteen patients had the diagnosis of NAFLD by ultrasonography. Blood levels of oxidative stress markers were measured in each patient, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), free thiols, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. The copy numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in peripheral leukocytes were also determined. Demographic, biochemistry, and hemogram data were recorded. The two groups of patients were compared in order to determine the factors associated with NAFLD in HD patients.Findings. Compared to those without NAFLD, nondiabetic HD patients with NAFLD had significantly higher mtDNA copy number and GPx levels. The two groups did not differ significantly in dialysis adequacy, hemoglobin, serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, liver function tests, or lipid profiles. Regression analysis confirmed mtDNA copy numbers and GPx levels as two independent factors associated with NAFLD. Compared to those with polysulfone, patients dialyzed with cellulose membrane have significantly higher levels of TBARS. However, patients with or without NAFLD did not differ in their use of either dialysis membrane.Discussion. Oxidative stress (represented by antioxidant defense, GPx) and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers are independently associated with fatty liver disease in nondiabetic HD patients. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this key observation warrant further exploration.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation with Hazelnut Oil Reduces Serum Hyperlipidemia and Ameliorates the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hamsters Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2224
Author(s):  
Jen-Her Lu ◽  
Kai Hsia ◽  
Chih-Hsun Lin ◽  
Chien-Chin Chen ◽  
Hsin-Yu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Hazelnut Oil ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Objective: Hazelnut oil (HO) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study intended to analyze the effects of hazelnut oil supplementation on the serum lipid profile and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hamsters fed a high-cholesterol (HC) diet. Methods: Hamsters were fed a basic diet (control group) and an HC diet (HC group) for 16 weeks (n = 10 in each group). Hamsters were fed an HC diet for four weeks to induce hyperlipidemia and were then fed an HC diet enriched with 5% (low-dose HC + HO group; n = 10) and 10% HO (high-dose HC + HO group; n = 10) for 12 weeks. Serum lipid levels, hepatic changes (including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis), and hepatic prooxidant-antioxidant status (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) were evaluated after the treatment period. Results: Hamsters in the control group showed normal serum lipid profiles, normal liver function, and moderate glycogen storage without hepatic steatosis. Hamsters in the HC group showed severe hyperlipidemia, severe hepatic steatosis, and moderate steatohepatitis (mononuclear cell and neutrophil infiltration, oval cell hyperplasia, and fibrosis). Compared to the HC group, both the low-dose and the high-dose HC + HO groups showed a significant reduction of hyperlipidemia (serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C levels)) and improved liver function (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)). Additionally, compared to the HC group, intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation (IHTC) was significantly higher in the HC + HO group, while the incidence of steatohepatitis was significantly lower. The intake of the HC diet was associated with a higher level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and a lower concentration of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and GST), and all these factors were partially improved in the low-dose and high-dose HC + HO groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the intake of HO reduced serum hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress and ameliorated the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hamsters fed a high-cholesterol diet.

scholarly journals A Novel Wistar Rat Model of Obesity-Related Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Sucrose-Rich Diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luíza R. P. Lima ◽  
Laura H. R. Leite ◽  
Carolina R. Gioda ◽  
Fabíola O. P. Leme ◽  
Claudia A. Couto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not fully understood, and experimental models are an alternative to study this issue. We investigated the effects of a simple carbohydrate-rich diet on the development of obesity-related NAFLD and the impact of physical training on the metabolic abnormalities associated with this disorder. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly separated into experimental and control groups, which were fed with sucrose-enriched (18% simple carbohydrates) and standard diet, respectively. At the end of each experimental period (5, 10, 20, and 30 weeks), 6 animals from each group were sacrificed for blood tests and liver histology and immunohistochemistry. From weeks 25 to 30, 6 animals from each group underwent physical training. The experimental group animals developed obesity and NAFLD, characterized histopathologically by steatosis and hepatocellular ballooning, clinically by increased thoracic circumference and body mass index associated with hyperleptinemia, and metabolically by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased levels of very low-density lipoprotein- (VLDL-) cholesterol, depletion of the antioxidants liver enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, and increased hepatic levels of malondialdehyde, an oxidative stress marker. Rats that underwent physical training showed increased high-density lipoprotein- (HDL-) cholesterol levels. In conclusion, a sucrose-rich diet induced obesity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and NAFLD in rats.

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