scholarly journals Use of Mercury in Dental Silver Amalgam: An Occupational and Environmental Assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Jamil ◽  
Mujtaba Baqar ◽  
Samar Ilyas ◽  
Abdul Qadir ◽  
Muhammad Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Dental Assistants ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Occupational Exposure To Mercury

The objective of this study was to assess the occupational exposure to mercury in dentistry and associated environmental emission in wastewater of Lahore, Pakistan. A total of ninety-eight blood samples were collected comprising 37 dentists, 31 dental assistants, and 30 controls. Results demonstrate that the dentistry personnel contained significantly higher mean concentration of mercury in their blood samples (dentists: 29.835 µg/L and dental assistants: 22.798 µg/L) compared to that of the controls (3.2769 µg/L). The mean concentration of mercury was found maximum in the blood samples of older age group (62.8 µg/L) in dentists and (44.3 µg/L) in dental assistants. The comparison of mercury concentration among dentists, dental assistants, and controls (pairing based on their ages) revealed that the concentration increased with the age and experience among the dentists and dental assistants. Moreover, the mercury concentration in all the studied dental wastewater samples, collected from twenty-two dental clinics, was found to be exceeding the recommended discharge limit of 0.01 mg/L. Therefore, we recommend that immediate steps must be taken to ensure appropriate preventive measures to avoid mercury vapors in order to prevent potential health hazards to dentistry personnel. Strong regulatory and administrative measures are needed to deal with mercury pollution on emergency basis.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality of Industrial Wastewater in Three Metropolitan Cities in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
N Sultana ◽  
H Muktadir ◽  
MAH Chowdhury ◽  
MA Baten
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to assess the quality of different industrial wastewater. Some physicochemical parameters viz., pH, EC, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43- including heavy metal contents like Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Zn and Cu concentration from collected wastewater samples were analyzed. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analyzing the heavy metals in the wastewater samples. The results revealed that, the values of pH, EC, TDS ranged between 6.44-9.0, 471-4307 ?S cm-1, 1952-5209 mg L-1, respectively. The higher mean concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, CO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43- were 1407.8, 27.9, 69.9, 76.6, 2.7, 11.7, 1688, 76.6, 6.1 mg L-1, respectively. The mean concentration of Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Cu was 0.17, 0.87, 85.73, 0.80, and 1.56 mg L-1, respectively. Among trace elements Ni and Cd, Zn and Cd, Zn and Cr showed a positive relationship. To avoid the harmful effects of wastewater on environment it is imperative to treat industrial effluents before discharge into open environment.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 21-25 2016

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals in Roadside Surface Soil and Vegetation along Mubi – Michika Major Road in Adamawa State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mean Concentration

The study of heavy metals in environmental niches is essential, especially with their potential toxicity to human life. To identify the levels of heavy metals in roadside environment, samples of roadside soils and vegetation were collected from ten (10) towns along the Mubi - Michika major road which include Mubi, Mararaba, Dzakwa, Hildi, Uba, Kudzum, Dilchim, Bazza, Watu and Michika. Subsequently, the concentrations of heavy metals particularly Cu, Pb, Cr, Fe and Cd in the samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result revealed that Cu, Pb, Cr, Fe, and Cd were present in the soil, at the mean concentration ranged of Cu (0.20±0.01 to 1.16±0.20%), Cd (0.04±0.03 to 0.13±0.05%), Zn (6.30±0.01 to 13.90±0.23%), Pb (1.32±0.03 to 5.63±0.04%), Fe (12.00±0.20 to 32.92±0.42%), and Cr (0.04±0.02 to 0.09±0.03%). The concentrations of the heavy metals in plant leaves samples ranged from Cu (0.01±0.03 to 0.93±0.01%), Cd (0.01±0.03 to 0.09±0.02%), Zn (2.40±0.03% to 7.10+0.14%), Pb (0.26±0.01 to 2.16±0.01%), Fe (5.10±0.01 to 15.00±0.14%) and Cr (0.01±0.03 to 0.03±0.13%). The Pb concentrations in both soil and plant leaves were found to be in excess of FAO/WHO recommended limits. While the levels of the other heavy metals in both soil and plants leaves were found to be within the FAO/WHO recommended limits. The high level of Pb indicates potential health risk for human through the food chain. From the study, the heavy metals pollutant in roadside soil and vegetation along Mubi-Michika roadside villages might originate from common anthropogenic source and high rate of human activities such as automobile emission.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 545-551

Total mercury concentrations in sand flathead, Platycephalus bassensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Fabris ◽  
C Monahan ◽  
G Nicholson ◽  
TI Walker
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Axial Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Total mercury concentrations were measured in the axial muscle tissues of 562 sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis) from a total of 37 sites within Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. Mean concentrations of mercury (0.23 �0.18�g g-1 wet weight) were less than half (P<0.05) of those recorded for this species during 1975-78 and below the Victorian health standard for fish and fish products (i.e. less than a mean concentration of 0.5 �g g-1 wet weight) at all 37 sites. During the 1975-78 period, mercury concentrations in sand flathead from the bay were reported to decrease from north to south and from east to west. During 1990, however, mercury concentrations were found to be related to the water depth at which the fish were sampled. Sand flathead from the deeper (22 m) waters of the bay had significantly (P<0.05) higher mean mercury concentrations than did those collected from shallower (7 m) waters. The overall mean mercury concentration in sand flathead from the bay during 1990 approached the mean concentration in sand flathead collected from six sites in Bass Strait (0.22 �g g-1) during 1975-78, although the range of concentrations for the Port Phillip Bay samples (0.01- 0.89 �g g-1) was wider than that for the Bass Strait samples (0.1-0.33 �g g-1).

Facilitated determination of ionized calcium.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Urban ◽  
B Buchmann ◽  
D Scheidegger
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Heparin Preparation

Abstract Using a calcium-containing heparin preparation for anticoagulation, we determined [Ca2+], the mean concentration of ionized calcium, in whole blood of 120 healthy blood-donors to be 1.23 (SD 0.04) mmol/L. Similarly, for 50 intensive-care patients selected without conscious bias, the correlation between [Ca2+] in serum (mean 1.15, SD 0.10 mmol/L) and in whole-blood samples anticoagulated with the same heparin preparation (mean 1.15, SD 0.09 mmol/L) was very good (r = 0.95). Storing samples anaerobically on ice for as long as 2 h did not alter whole-blood [Ca2+]. On the other hand, various concentrations of calcium-free heparin preparations all induced a significant decrease in measured [Ca2+]. By using whole-blood samples, rather than plasma or serum, for [Ca2+] determination with a calcium-selective electrode, repetitive measurements can be made with simple handling procedures, facilitating rapid implementation of appropriate therapeutic measures for critically ill patients.

scholarly journals Mercury concentration in the freshwater bonefish Cyphocharax gilbert (Curimatidae) and its parasite the crustacean Riggia paranensis (Cymothoidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora C. Lins ◽  
Maria E. Meirelles ◽  
Olaf Malm ◽  
Neuza R. W. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Spawning ◽  
Edible Parts ◽  
Mean Concentration

Fish parasites can accumulate heavy metals reaching higher concentrations than the host and may affect the host's bioaccumulation. The present study compared total mercury concentration in the liver and muscle of Cyphocharax gilbert and in the parasite Riggia paranensis sampled in the middle Itabapoana River, Brazil, also considering the reproductive stages of both fish and parasite. Mean concentrations of mercury in muscle of fish varied from 20.8 ng.g-1 in mature females to 38.1 ng.g-1 in post-spawning females. The mean concentrations in fish liver varied from 60.9 ng/g in post-spawning females to 110.4 ng.g-1 in infested males. The mean concentration of mercury in parasites varied from 26.2 ng.g-1 in specimens carrying early embryo to 39.5 ng.g-1 in specimens with eggs. Positive and significant associations (P<0.05) were found between the total mercury concentrations in parasites and muscle of host (both females and males), and between concentrations in parasites and in the liver of male hosts. These results suggest that R. paranensis can be used to indicate mercury levels in edible parts of C. gilbert.

A note on the method of replicate blood sampling when assessing the mean concentration of insulin, prolactin and growth hormone in the plasma of heifers fed different diets at different frequencies

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Little ◽  
R. D. Harrison ◽  
Linda A. Williams ◽  
I. C. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Insulin In Plasma ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACTTwo groups of six heifers of mean age 284 days and mean body weight 233 kg were offered respectively, a barley-beef (BB) diet and a diet based on dried grass and sugar beet pulp (DG) at a rate calculated to give a live-weight gain of 0·5 kg/day. Three heifers from each group were fed twice daily, and the remaining three were fed through an out-of-parlour concentrate dispenser, and, during the period of blood sampling, hourly. Following a period of adaptation, blood samples were taken hourly during 24 h and the plasma analysed for insulin, prolactin and growth hormone (GH). The experiment was repeated 28 days later using the same heifers offered the same diets except that the twice-daily fed heifers were fed hourly and vice versa.Comparing the heifers fed the BB diet and those fed the DG diet, insulin in plasma was higher (7·11 v. 3·54 mU/1, P < 0·001) and GH lower (2·48 v. 3·41 uxg/l, P < 0·05) in heifers fed the BB diet. There were no overall significant differences between the two diets for prolactin or between the two frequencies of feeding for all three hormones.The residual variation among and within heifers was used to estimate the standard error of a treatment mean for different numbers of hourly samples on different numbers of heifers. Little was to be gained by taking in a day more than eight hourly-samples for insulin and more than 12 hourlysamples for GH and prolactin. Precision was most improved by increasing the number of heifers sampled. Feeding the heifers more than twice daily did not improve precision significantly.

scholarly journals Secretion of LH, FSH and Oestradiol-17ß During the Follicular Phase of the Oestrous Cycle in the Ewe

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Thomas ◽  
GB Martin ◽  
JR Ford ◽  
PM Moore ◽  
BK Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Biphasic Response ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and oestradiol-17iJ were measured in blood samples taken at 15 min intervals for 48 h during the follicular phase of four Merino ewes. The amplitude of pulses of LH and the mean concentration of LH were higher at the beginning of the follicular phase, 36-24 h before the preovulatory surge of LH (amplitude 2�4 ng ml- 1, mean concentration 3�9 ng ml- 1), than at the end, 24-0 h before the preovulatory surge (amplitude 1� 2 � 0�1 ng ml- 1; mean concentration 1�4 � 0�1 ng ml- 1). There was no change in the inter-pulse interval during this time (mean 74 � 5 min). Over the same period, oestradiol levels increased from 7-8 pg ml- 1 to a peak of 10- 15 pg ml- 1. Mean FSH concentrations declined (36-24 h: 3� 6 ng ml - 1 vs 24-0 h: 1� 8 � O� 3 ng ml- 1) before rising at the time of the preovulatory surge of LH and again 24 h later. It was concluded that the biphasic response of LH to oestrogen that is seen in ovariectomized ewes may also operate during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle in entire ewes.

scholarly journals Serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) Determination is Influenced by Sample Incubation Temperature in Healthy Beagle Dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Jerin ◽  
Alenka Seliškar ◽  
Barbara Lukanc ◽  
Janoš Butinar ◽  
Alenka Nemec Svete
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Serum Thromboxane ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Cox 1

The measurement of serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production by platelets is a specific test for assessment of platelet cyclooxygenase (COX-1) activity following administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sample incubation at 37 °C for one hour on serum TXB2 concentration in comparison with incubation at room temperature. A total of 54 blood samples for serum TXB2 measurements were collected from six healthy beagle dogs into two separate serum tubes. While one group of tubes was incubated in a 37 °C water bath, the second group of tubes was left to coagulate at room temperature, both for one hour. Serum TXB2 concentrations were measured by ELISA. The mean concentration (± SD) of serum TXB2 in the group of samples that were incubated at 37 °C was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher compared to the group of samples incubated at room temperature, 1098 ± 346 μg/l and 550 ± 257 μg/l, respectively. The results of the study provide the information on serum TXB2 concentration in healthy beagle dogs and demonstrate that validated methods for assessment of COX-1 activity by measurement of serum TXB2 should be used in order to make results more reliable and comparable between different studies. The results of this study might be of great help in planning NSAID studies in dogs by providing the information that TXB2 generation by platelets is influenced profoundly by incubation temperature.

Instant 99mTc-Labelled Glucoheptonate Kit for Kidney Imaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Hilli ◽  
H. M. A. Karim ◽  
M. H. S. Al-Hissoni ◽  
M. N. Jassim ◽  
N. H. Agha
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kidney Imaging ◽  
Mean Concentration

Gelchromatography column scanning has been used to study the fractions of reduced hydrolyzed 99mTc, 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-chelate in a 99mTc-glucoheptonate (GH) preparation. A stable high labelling yield of 99mTc-GH complex in the radiopharmaceutical has been obtained with a concentration of 40-50 mg of glucoheptonic acid-calcium salt and not less than 0.45 mg of SnCl2 2 H2O at an optimal pH between 6.5 and 7.0. The stability of the complex has been found significantly affected when sodium hydroxide solution was used for the pH adjustment. However, an alternative procedure for final pH adjustment of the preparation has been investigated providing a stable complex for the usual period of time prior to the injection. The organ distribution and the blood clearance data of 99mTc-GH in rabbits were relatively similar to those reported earlier. The mean concentration of the radiopharmaceutical in both kidneys has been studied in normal subjects for one hour with a scintillation camera and the results were satisfactory.

PROGESTERONE IN THE HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Runnebaum ◽  
Josef Zander
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Progesterone was determined and identified in human peripheral blood during the preovulatory period of the menstrual cycle, by combined isotope derivative and recrystallization analysis. The mean concentration of progesterone in 1.095 ml of plasma obtained 9 days before ovulation was 0.084 μg/100 ml. However, the mean concentration of progesterone in 1.122 ml of plasma obtained 4 days before ovulation was 0.279 μg/100 ml. These data demonstrate a source of progesterone secretion other than the corpus luteum. The higher plasma-progesterone concentration 4 days before ovulation may indicate progesterone secretion of the ripening Graafian follicle of the ovary.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document