scholarly journals A Long-Chain Alkylation of Dialdehyde Starch to Improve Its Thermal Stability and Hydrophobicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Zhaodong Wang ◽  
Haitao Ni ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dialdehyde Starch ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Long Chain

Hydrophobic dialdehyde starch (HDAS) was synthesized by dialdehyde starch (DAS) and eighteen-alkyl primary amine as the raw material in DMSO. The effect of the reaction conditions on the yield of HDAS was investigated such as catalyst content, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the in-feed molar ratio of -CHO/-NH2. Moreover, the optimized test parameters were obtained by conducting orthogonal experiment. The molecular structure and the morphology of HDAS were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). And the thermal stability and the hydrophobic properties of HDAS were investigated by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TG) and the hydrophobic testing. The results indicate that the yield of HDAS is the highest up to 44.21%, with feed composition 1 : 0.9, reaction temperature 40°C, reaction time 8 h, and acetic acid content 3%. And the introduction of the long-chain alkyl groups into the DAS backbones will ameliorate efficaciously the thermal stability and the hydrophobic properties of DAS, which almost has no effect on the DAS particle size.

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Phosphorus-Containing Curing Agent PPDTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 953 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Yong Li Peng ◽  
Ni An Zhuo ◽  
Can Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Three Factor

A new phosphorus-containing flame-retardant curing agent PPDTA was synthesized from phenylphosphonic dichloride (PPD) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (TA) in tetrahydrofuran solvent to improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin. The structure of the compound was analyzed and confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature and ratio of reactants on yield were studied by using three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment. The results show that the yield of PPDTA can reach 86.4%, when the reaction time is 10h, reaction temperature is 70 °Cand the molar ratio of TA to PPD is 2.2:1.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Performance ofN-(Benzoyl) Stearic Acid Hydrazide

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Hua Cai ◽  
Shun-Jiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Semiempirical Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Benzoyl Hydrazine

N-(benzoyl) stearic acid hydrazide was synthesized from benzoyl hydrazine and stearyl chloride which was deprived from stearic acid via acylation. The structure of the compound had been characterized by FT-IR,1H NMR, at the same time, the structure of N-(benzoyl) stearic acid hydrazide was optimized by the semiempirical method PM3. The influence of the reaction ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature to the yield ofN-(benzoyl) stearic acid hydrazide was investigated by orthogonal experiment, and the optimized reaction condition was molar ratio of benzoyl hydrazine: stearyl chloride 1:1, reaction time 6 h, reaction temperature 70°C, and the yield was 92.9%. The TGA thermal analysis of N-(benzoyl) stearic acid hydrazide showed that thermal stability ofN-(benzoyl) stearic acid hydrazide was affected by heating rate, and theN-(benzoyl) stearic acid hydrazide enhanced the tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of Poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA).

Production of Low Calorie Oil with Enzymatic Catalysis Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1178-1182
Author(s):  
Hui Ling Cui ◽  
Yuan Dong Xu ◽  
Yu Jun Zhang ◽  
Hui Bo Song
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Enzymatic Catalysis ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Yield ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Glycerol Triacetate

The 1, 3-specific lipase of Lipozymetlim was used as catalyst to produce low calorie oil through the reaction of soybean oil with glycerol triacetate. The effects of catalyst using amount, molar ratio of the substrates, reaction temperature and reaction time on the product yields were investigated. The orthogonal experiment results showed that the optimal reaction conditions were the substrate molar ratio of 2:1, reaction temperature of 60 °C, reaction time of 24 h, and 10 % enzyme adding amount per gram of substrate. Under such conditions, the reaction yield was 79.56 %. After 5 times reuse of the enzyme, the yield still could reach 58.94 %. The calorific value of the product was measured by calorimetric method and the value was 35 027 J/g which was about 75 % of the corresponding value for soybean oil.

Research on Synthesis Regularity of Epoxysuccinic Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 942-945
Author(s):  
Qing He Gao ◽  
Yi Can Wang ◽  
Zhi Feng Hou ◽  
Hui Juan Qian ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Sodium Hydrate

The yield of epoxysuccinic acid was obtained by determining the content of unreacted maleic anhydride and tartaric acid as a by-product in synthesis system. This method could calculate the yield of epoxysuccinic acid precisely and overcome the disadvantage of obtaining inpure product by recrystallization method. Epoxysuccinic Acid was synthesized using maleic anhydride as raw material, hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer and tungstate as catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, ratio of materials, dosage of oxidizer and catalyst on epoxidation and hydrolysis reaction was investigated. The results showed that the yield of epoxysuccinic acid was 88% when the reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 65°C, reaction time 1.5h, catalyst dosage 3%(based on mass of maleic anhydride), molar ratio of sodium hydrate to maleic anhydride 2:1, mass ratio of hydrogen peroxide to maleic anhydride 1:1.

scholarly journals Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Amide in Organic Solvent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Nurul Atikah Amin Yusof ◽  
Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir ◽  
Siti Efliza Ashari ◽  
Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi ◽  
Rossuriati Dol Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio

Optimization of the lipase catalyzed enzymatic synthesis of betulinic acid amide in the presence of immobilized lipase, Novozym 435 from Candida antartica as a biocatalyst was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central-composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the effects of the synthesis parameters, such as reaction time (20–36 h), reaction temperature (37–45 °C), substrate molar ratio of betulinic acid to butylamine (1:1–1:3), and enzyme amounts (80–120 mg) on the percentage yield of betulinic acid amide by direct amidation reaction. The optimum conditions for synthesis were: reaction time of 28 h 33 min, reaction temperature of 42.92 °C, substrate molar ratio of 1:2.21, and enzyme amount of 97.77 mg. The percentage yield of actual experimental values obtained 65.09% which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 67.23%. The obtained amide was characterized by GC, GCMS and 13C NMR. Betulinic acid amide (BAA) showed a better cytotoxicity compared to betulinic acid as the concentration inhibited 50% of the cell growth (IC50) against MDA-MB-231 cell line (IC50 < 30 µg/mL).

Synthesis of light-colored rosin glycerol ester

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Glycerol Ester ◽  
Ring Method

Abstract A light-colored rosin glycerol ester was synthesized from gum rosin and glycerol in the presence of a highly effective decolorizing agent. The effects of the type and dosage of the decolorizing agent and the reaction temperature and time on the yield, softening point, color, and acid number of the rosin glycerol ester were investigated. Experimental results showed that 4,4′-thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-3-methyl phenol) was the best decolorizing agent. It promoted esterification at an optimal dosage of 0.5% (based on the weight percentage of starting material rosin). Suitable conditions for esterification of rosin and glycerol were: reaction temperature, 260–270°C; reaction time, 6–8 h; and rosin/glycerol molar ratio, 2.5:1 (mol mol-1). The characteristics of the rosin glycerol ester obtained under these conditions were as follows: softening point, 90–94°C (ball and ring method); color, 1–2 (Gardner value); acid number, 7–8; and yield, >88% (based on the total weight of rosin and glycerol). The selected additive has a multifunctional effect involving bleaching, disproportionation, and catalysis.

Research of Preparation Factors on Magnetic Cassava Starch Microspheres

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1513-1517
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Yu Xian Feng ◽  
A Ming Chen ◽  
Lei Lei Qiao ◽  
Li Hong Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions

Magnetic cassava starch microspheres have been prepared by means of the method of precipitation magnetization, cassava starch as raw material adsorbing or embedding Fe3O4, many influence factors on magnetic cassava starch iron rate such as pH, reaction time, stirring speed, ratio of Fe+3 to Fe+2, reaction temperature also investigated in this paper. On the base above research, we preliminary got the optimal conditions on the synthesis of magnetic cassava starch microspheres.

Natural Hydroxyapatite (NHAp) Derived from Pork Bone as a Renewable Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Microwave Irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Thaweethong Inkaew ◽  
Laorrut Kodephun ◽  
Wipada Yenying ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

The use of waste materials for producing biodiesel via transesterification has been of recent interest. In this study, the pork bone was used as the raw materials for natural hydroxyapatite (NHAp) catalyst. The calcination of animal bone was conducted at 900 °C for 2 h. The raw material and the resulting heterogeneous catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effects of reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst loading and reusability of catalyst were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions, which yielded a conversion of oil of nearly 94%, were reaction time 5 min and microwave power 800 W. The results indicated that the NHAp catalysts derived from pork bone showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha Curcas oil with methanol.

Biodiesel Production From Crude Rubber Seed Oil Using Supercritical Methanol Transesterification

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thakun Sawiwat ◽  
Somjai Kajorncheappunngam
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Synthesis of biodiesel from rubber seed oil using a supercritical methanol was investigated under various reaction conditions (220 - 300°C, 80 - 180 bar) with reaction time of 1-15 min and oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:20 - 1:60. Free fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Most properties of produced biodiesel were in good agreement with biodiesel standard (EN 14214). The maximum FAME yield of 86.90% was obtained at 260°C, 160 bar, 5 min reaction time using oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:40. The result showed the acid value of rubber seed oil decreased to 0.58 mgKOH/g from initial 24 mgKOH/g to. It could be concluded from this findings that crude rubber seed oil is a promising alternative raw material for biodiesel synthesis via supercritical methanol tranesterification.

Preparation and Characterization of Cationic Cassia Tora Gum

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Ying Li ◽  
Chun Mei Niu ◽  
Hua Yu Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Dispersing Agent

Series of cationic cassia tora gum (CCTG) were synthesized using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) as cationic etherifying agent, isopropanol-water solution as dispersing agent, in presence of sodium hydroxide under different reaction conditions. The optimum ratio for preparing the cationic cassia tora gum are that CHPTAC-CTG molar ratio is 0.6:1; NaOH-CHPTAC molar ratio is 1.3:1.The optimum conditions are that reaction temperature is 55°Cand reaction time is 3.5 h. The cold water solubility was improved apparently. The solution transmittance has corresponding relationship with the nitrogen content (N%) in the certain range, and the maximum transmittance is up to 87.2%. N% increased with the increase of reaction time and stable N% can be obtained in shorter reaction time at higher reaction temperature. The products were characterized by 13C-NMR. The heat resistance of CTG and CCTG were analyzed.

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