scholarly journals Classification and Characteristics of Pain Associated with Parkinson’s Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rezende Young Blood ◽  
Marcelo Machado Ferro ◽  
Renato Puppi Munhoz ◽  
Hélio Afonso Ghizoni Teive ◽  
Carlos Henrique Ferreira Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Nonmotor Symptoms ◽  
Dopaminergic Drugs ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
System Generation

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and pain are among the most common nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The correlation between pain and PD has been recognized since its classic descriptions. Pain occurs in about 60% of PD patients, two to three times more frequent in this population than in age matched healthy individuals. It is an early and potentially disabling symptom that can precede motor symptoms by several years. The lower back and lower extremities are the most commonly affected areas. The most used classification for pain in PD defines musculoskeletal, dystonic, central, or neuropathic/radicular forms. Its different clinical characteristics, variable relationship with motor symptoms, and inconsistent response to dopaminergic drugs suggest that the mechanism underlying pain in PD is complex and multifaceted, involving the peripheral nervous system, generation and amplification of pain by motor symptoms, and neurodegeneration of areas related to pain modulation. Although pain in DP is common and a significant source of disability, its clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, classification, and management remain to be defined.

scholarly journals Genetic Impact on Clinical Features in Parkinson’s Disease: A Study on SNCA-rs11931074

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Li Shu ◽  
Dongxiao Liang ◽  
Hongxu Pan ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Jifeng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Nonmotor Symptoms ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Severe Motor ◽  
Genetic Impact

SNCA-rs11931074 had been demonstrated to be strongly correlated with PD risk. However, there was lack of comprehensive analysis of SNCA-rs11931074-related clinical features which may help explain clinical heterogeneity of PD. In our study, we performed association analyses on the relationship between SNCA-rs11931074 and motor symptoms, nonmotor symptoms, and comorbidities in PD. 611 rs11931074 carriers and 113 rs11931074 noncarriers were enrolled. In the clinical phenotype analyses, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part II (UPDRS II) and part III (UPDRS III) scores of rs11931074 carriers were lower than those of noncarriers (SC: −0.083, p=0.035; SC: −0.140, p≤0.001). The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score of carriers was lower than that of noncarriers (SC: −0.097, p=0.009). No significant statistical differences were found between the variant and other clinical features such as motor complications and nonmotor symptoms. The SNCA-rs11931074 carriers may present with more benign clinical profiles than noncarriers with less severe motor symptoms and comorbidity burden.

scholarly journals The Impact of Amyloid-Beta Positivity with 18F-Florbetaben PET on Neuropsychological Aspects in Parkinson’s Disease Dementia

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Seunghee Na ◽  
Hyeonseok Jeong ◽  
Jong-Sik Park ◽  
Yong-An Chung ◽  
In-Uk Song
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease Dementia ◽  
The Impact

The neuropathology of Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) is heterogenous, and the impacts of each pathophysiology and their synergistic effects are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and impacts of co-existence with Alzheimer’s disease in patients with PDD by using 18F-florbetaben PET imaging. A total of 23 patients with PDD participated in the study. All participants underwent 18F-florbetaben PET and completed a standardized neuropsychological battery and assessment of motor symptoms. The results of cognitive tests, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and motor symptoms were analyzed between the positive and negative 18F-florbetaben PET groups. Four patients (17.4%) showed significant amyloid burden. Patients with amyloid-beta showed poorer performance in executive function and more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms than those without amyloid-beta. Motor symptoms assessed by UPDRS part III and the modified H&Y Scale were not different between the two groups. The amyloid PET scan of a patient with PDD can effectively reflect a co-existing Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Amyloid PET scans might be able to help physicians of PDD patients showing rapid progression or severe cognitive/behavioral features.

scholarly journals Probiotics Treatment Improves Hippocampal Dependent Cognition in a Rodent Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Caroline Xie ◽  
Asheeta A. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder with motor dysfunction and a number of psychiatric symptoms. Symptoms such as anxiety and cognitive deficits emerge prior to motor symptoms and persist over time. There are limited treatments targeting PD psychiatric symptoms. Emerging studies reveal that the gut microbe is altered in PD patients. Here we assessed the effect of a probiotic treatment in a rat model of PD. We used the neurotoxin (6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA) in a preclinical PD model to examine the impact of a probiotic treatment (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114) on anxiety and memory. Rats underwent either sham surgery or received 6-OHDA bilaterally into the striatum. Three weeks post-surgery, rats were divided into three experimental groups: a sham group that received probiotics, a 6-OHDA group that received probiotics, and the third group of 6-OHDA received the placebo formula. All rats had access to either placebo or probiotics formula for 6 weeks. All groups were assessed for anxiety-like behaviour using the elevated plus maze. Cognition was assessed for both non-hippocampal and hippocampal dependent tasks using the novel object recognition and novel place recognition. We report that the 6-OHDA lesion induced anxiety-like behaviour and deficits in hippocampal dependent cognition. Interestingly, the probiotics treatment had no impact on anxiety-like behaviour but selectively improved hippocampal dependent cognition deficits. Together, the results presented here highlight the utility of animal models in examining the neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD and the potential of probiotics as adjunctive treatment for non-motor symptoms of PD.

scholarly journals Alexithymia and Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease: Neurocognitive Correlates

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena Bogdanova ◽  
Alice Cronin-Golomb
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Non-motor symptoms such as neuropsychiatric and cognitive dysfunction have been found to be common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) but the relation between such symptoms is poorly understood. We focused on alexithymia, an impairment of affective and cognitive emotional processing, as there is evidence for its interaction with cognition in other disorders. Twenty-two non-demented PD patients and 22 matched normal control adults (NC) were administered rating scales assessing neuropsychiatric status, including alexithymia, apathy, and depression, and a series of neuropsychological tests. As expected, PD patients showed more alexithymia than NC, and there was a significant association between alexithymia and disease stage. Alexithymia was associated with performance on non-verbally mediated measures of executive and visuospatial function, but not on verbally mediated tasks. By contrast, there was no correlation between cognition and ratings of either depression or apathy. Our findings demonstrate a distinct association of alexithymia with non-verbal cognition in PD, implicating right hemisphere processes, and differentiate between alexithymia and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in regard to PD cognition.

A New Perspective in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis

US Neurology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Rajesh Pahwa ◽  
Kelly E Lyons ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Dopamine Antagonists ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Good Tolerability

Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as psychosis, are well described in Parkinson’s disease (PD); most appear to be due to disease pathology with exacerbation caused by dopaminergic treatment. More than 50% of patients with PD develop psychosis at some point throughout their disease course. Clinicians need to routinely assess patients with PD for psychotic symptoms, particularly hallucinations. Treatment of psychotic symptoms in PD is an unmet need as there are currently no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications specifically for PD psychosis (PDP). Current treatments for PDP have been adapted from dopamine antagonists used to treat psychosis in other conditions, such as schizophrenia. Typical antipsychotics, as well as some atypical antipsychotics, worsen PD motor symptoms due to blockade of dopamine D2 receptors. Quetiapine and clozapine have been studied in PDP and are the most commonly used treatments for PDP. Clozapine has been shown to be effective; however, regular bloodwork is required, while data for quetiapine are inconsistent. Pimavanserin, a highly selective serotonin (5HT2A subtype) receptor inverse agonist, is not associated with motor worsening in PDP patients due to the absence of dopamine blockade. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, pimavanserin showed significant improvement in moderate to severe psychosis compared to placebo, with good tolerability and without worsening of PD motor symptoms. These data suggest that pimavanserin is a safe and efficacious treatment for PDP psychosis and could be a potential new treatment option for PDP.

scholarly journals Sexually dimorphic responses to MPTP found in microglia, inflammation and gut microbiota in a progressive monkey model of Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Joers ◽  
Gunasingh Masilamoni ◽  
Doty Kempf ◽  
Alison R Weiss ◽  
Travis Rotterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Tnf Inhibitor ◽  
Nonmotor Symptoms ◽  
Monkey Model

AbstractInflammation has been linked to the development of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which greatly impact patients’ quality of life and can often precede motor symptoms. Suitable animal models are critical for our understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease and the associated prodromal disturbances. The neurotoxin 1- methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated monkey model is commonly seen as a “gold standard” model that closely mimics the clinical motor symptoms and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic loss of PD, however MPTP toxicity extends to other nondopaminergic regions. Yet, there are limited reports monitoring the MPTP-induced progressive central and peripheral inflammation as well as other nonmotor symptoms such as gastrointestinal function and microbiota. The main objective of this study is to gain a broader understanding of central and peripheral inflammatory dysfunction triggered by exposure to a neurotoxicant known to degenerate nigral dopaminergic neurons in order to understand the potential role of inflammation in prodromal/pre-motor features of PD-like degeneration in a progressive non-human primate model of the disease. We measured inflammatory proteins in plasma and CSF and performed [18F]FEPPA PET scans to evaluate translocator proteins (TSPO) or microglial activation in a small cohort of rhesus monkeys (n=5) given weekly low doses of MPTP (0.2-0.8 mg/kg, im). Additionally, monkeys were evaluated for working memory and executive function using various behavior tasks and for gastrointestinal hyperpermeability and microbiota composition. Monkeys were also treated with novel TNF inhibitor XPro1595 (10mg/kg, n=3) or vehicle (n=2) every three days starting 11 weeks after the initiation of MPTP to determine whether nonmotor symptoms are tied to TNF signaling and whether XPro1595 would alter inflammation and microglial behavior in a progressive model of PD. Our analyses revealed sex-dependent sensitivity to MPTP that resulted in early microglial activation by PET, acute plasma IL-6 and CSF TNF, and earlier parkinsonism as measured by motor deficits in males compared to female monkeys. Sex differences were also identified in microbiota and their metabolites and targeted short chain fatty acids at both basal levels and in response to MPTP. Both sexes displayed cognitive impairment prior to a significant motor phenotype. Importantly, XPro1595 shifted peripheral and central inflammation, and significantly reduced CD68-immunoreactivity in the colon. As such, our findings revealed a sexually dimorphic inflammatory response to chronic MPTP treatment and suggest that males may have higher vulnerability than females to inflammation-induced degeneration. If these findings reflect potential differences in humans, these sex differences have significant implications for therapeutic development of inflammatory targets in the clinic.

scholarly journals Characterization of Nonmotor Symptoms in the MitoPark Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica R. Langley ◽  
Shivani Ghaisas ◽  
Bharathi N. Palanisamy ◽  
Muhammet Ay ◽  
Huajun Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Nonmotor Symptoms ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as a key player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The MitoPark mouse, a transgenic mitochondrial impairment model developed by specific inactivation of TFAM in dopaminergic neurons, spontaneously exhibits progressive motor deficits and neurodegeneration, recapitulating several features of PD. Since non-motor symptoms are now recognized as important features of the prodromal stage of PD, we monitored the clinically relevant motor and nonmotor symptoms from ages 8-24 wks in MitoPark mice and their littermate controls. As expected, motor deficits in MitoPark mice began around 12-14 wks and became severe by 16-24 wks. Interestingly, male MitoPark mice showed spatial memory deficits before female mice, beginning at 8 wks and becoming most severe at 16 wks, as determined by Morris water maze. When compared to age-matched control mice, MitoPark mice exhibited olfactory deficits in novel and social scent tests as early as 10-12 wks. MitoPark mice between 16-24 wks spent more time immobile in forced swim and tail suspension tests, and made fewer entries into open arms of the elevated plus maze, indicating a depressive and anxiety-like phenotype, respectively. Importantly, depressive behavior as determined by immobility in forced swim test was reversible by antidepressant treatment with desipramine. Collectively, our results indicate that MitoPark mice progressively exhibit deficits in cognitive learning and memory, olfactory discrimination, and anxiety-and depression-like behaviors. Thus, MitoPark mice can serve as an invaluable model for studying motor and non-motor symptoms in addition to studying pathology in PD.

scholarly journals Parkinson’s Disease-Related Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms in the Lancaster Amish

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Michael D.F. Goldenberg ◽  
Xuemei Huang ◽  
Honglei Chen ◽  
Lan Kong ◽  
Teodor T. Postolache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Bowel Movement ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Nonmotor Symptoms ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Movement Frequency ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Bowel Movement Frequency

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Previous research has suggested that the Amish may experience a relatively high prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and/or parkinsonian motor signs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a large sample from the Amish community in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, age ≥18 years, we assessed the prevalence of self-reported PD diagnosis. For those without self-reported PD diagnosis, we assessed the frequency of PD-related motor symptoms using a 9-item questionnaire that was designed by the PD Epidemiology Research Group. Lastly, we queried study participants for the presence of 2 nonmotor symptoms that have been commonly linked to PD: bowel movement frequency and daytime sleepiness. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 2,025 subjects who answered the PD questionnaire, 430 were older than 60 years. Of 430 participants ≥60 years, 5 (1.2%) reported a PD diagnosis. Of those without a PD diagnosis, 10.5% reported ≥1 and 1.2% ≥ 4 motor symptoms for the 9-item PD screening questionnaire. Of the 3,789 subjects who answered the question about bowel movement frequency, 0.7% reported ≤3 bowel movements per week. Among 1,710 subjects who answered the question about daytime sleepiness, 8.1% of the participants reported “always” sleepy during the day. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> These data neither support a markedly higher PD prevalence in the older Lancaster Amish nor do they show dramatically higher motor and/or selected nonmotor symptoms than the general population. Future studies that employ more rigorous procedures for case identification and PD-specific preclinical symptoms/tests are needed to determine the potential differences and similarities among different Amish populations and between Amish and non-Amish populations.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive Correlates of Apathy and Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena Bogdanova ◽  
Alice Cronin-Golomb
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Differential Association ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nonmotor Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Profiles

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with various nonmotor symptoms including neuropsychiatric and cognitive dysfunction. We examined the relation between apathy, anxiety, side of onset of motor symptoms, and cognition in PD. We hypothesized that PD patients would show different neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive profiles depending on the side of onset. 22 nondemented PD patients (11 right-side onset (RPD) with predominant left-hemisphere pathology, and 11 LPD) and 22 matched healthy controls (NC) were administered rating scales assessing apathy and anxiety, and a series of neuropsychological tests. PD patients showed a higher anxiety level than NC. There was a significant association between apathy, anxiety, and disease duration. In LPD, apathy but not anxiety was associated with performance on nonverbally mediated executive function and visuospatial measures, whereas, in RPD, anxiety but not apathy correlated with performance on verbally mediated tasks. Our findings demonstrated a differential association of apathy and anxiety to cognition in PD.

scholarly journals Can a Positive Allosteric Modulation of GABAergic Receptors Improve Motor Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease? The Potential Role of Zolpidem in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Daniele ◽  
Francesco Panza ◽  
Antonio Greco ◽  
Giancarlo Logroscino ◽  
Davide Seripa
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Allosteric Modulation ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Dopaminergic Drugs ◽  
Internal Globus Pallidus ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Increased Activity

At present, patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) are unsatisfactorily controlled by currently used anti-Parkinsonian dopaminergic drugs. Various studies suggest that therapeutic strategies based on nondopaminergic drugs might be helpful in PD. Zolpidem, an imidazopyridine widely used as sleep inducer, shows high affinity only forGABAAreceptors containing theα-1 subunit and facilitates GABAergic neurotransmission through a positive allosteric modulation ofGABAAreceptors. Various observations, although preliminary, consistently suggest that in PD patients zolpidem may induce beneficial (and sometimes remarkable) effects on motor symptoms even after single doses and may also improve dyskinesias. Since a high density of zolpidem binding sites is in the two main output structures of the basal ganglia which are abnormally overactive in PD (internal globus pallidus, GPi, and substantia nigra pars reticulata, SNr), it was hypothesized that in PD patients zolpidem may induce throughGABAAreceptors an inhibition of GPi and SNr (and, possibly, of the subthalamic nucleus also), resulting in an increased activity of motor cortical areas (such as supplementary motor area), which may give rise to improvement of motor symptoms of PD. Randomized clinical trials are needed in order to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of zolpidem in treating motor symptoms of PD.

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