scholarly journals The Effect of Neurobehavioral Test Performance on the All-Cause Mortality among US Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tao-Chun Peng ◽  
Wei-Liang Chen ◽  
Li-Wei Wu ◽  
Ying-Jen Chen ◽  
Fang-Yih Liaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Us ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Multiple Variables

Evidence of the association between global cognitive function and mortality is much, but whether specific cognitive function is related to mortality is unclear. To address the paucity of knowledge on younger populations in the US, we analyzed the association between specific cognitive function and mortality in young and middle-aged adults. We analyzed data from 5,144 men and women between 20 and 59 years of age in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–94) with mortality follow-up evaluation through 2006. Cognitive function tests, including assessments of executive function/processing speed (symbol digit substitution) and learning recall/short-term memory (serial digit learning), were performed. All-cause mortality was the outcome of interest. After adjusting for multiple variables, total mortality was significantly higher in males with poorer executive function/processing speed (hazard ratio (HR) 2.02; 95% confidence interval 1.36 to 2.99) and poorer recall/short-term memory (HR 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 2.12). After adjusting for multiple variables, the mortality risk did not significantly increase among the females in these two cognitive tests groups. In this sample of the US population, poorer executive function/processing speed and poorer learning recall/short-term memory were significantly associated with increased mortality rates, especially in males. This study highlights the notion that poorer specific cognitive function predicts all-cause mortality in young and middle-aged males.

The effect of beverages varying in glycaemic load on postprandial glucose responses, appetite and cognition in 10–12-year-old school children

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brindal ◽  
Danielle Baird ◽  
Amy Slater ◽  
Vanessa Danthiir ◽  
Carlene Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Glycaemic Load

Reducing glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) inconsistently improves aspects of cognitive function and appetite in children. Whether altering the GL by lowering carbohydrate relative to protein and fat has a role in these effects is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the differential effects of beverages varying in GL and dairy composition on appetite, energy intake and cognitive function in children. A total of forty children (10–12 years) completed a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial, receiving three isoenergetic drinks (approximately 1100 kJ): a glucose beverage (GI 100, GL 65), a full milk beverage (GI 27, GL 5) and a half milk/glucose beverage (GI 84, GL 35). For 3 h post-consumption, subjective appetite and cognitive performance (speed of processing, memory, attention and perceptual speed) were measured hourly. At completion, each child was provided a buffet-style lunch and energy intake was calculated. Blood glucose was objectively measured using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Blood glucose AUC values were significantly different between the drinks (P< 0·001), but did not sustain above the baseline for 3 h for any drink. Mixed modelling revealed no effect of beverage on subjective appetite or energy intake. Participant sex and drink GL significantly interacted for short-term memory (P< 0·001). When girls consumed either milk-containing beverage, they recalled 0·7–0·8 more words compared with 0·5 less words after the glucose drink (P≤ 0·014). Altering GL of drinks by reducing carbohydrate and increasing protein did not affect appetite or cognition in children. Girls may demonstrate improved short-term memory after consuming beverages with higher protein and lower GL.

scholarly journals Excessive erythrocytosis in high‐altitude residents is associated with modest impairments in short‐term memory and processing speed

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica C. Heinrich ◽  
Matea A. Djokic ◽  
Cecilia Anza‐Ramirez ◽  
Gustavo Vizcardo Galindo ◽  
Dillon Gilbertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Association of Olfactory Impairment and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lan ◽  
Zhi-jian You ◽  
Ruiming Du ◽  
Le-si Chen ◽  
Jia-xuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
Surgical Group

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of anesthesia on the change of olfactory function and cognitive function in elderly patients who undergo abdominal surgery.MethodsA total of 30 elderly patients who underwent abdominal surgery were recruited as the research subjects. The Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) olfactory test was used to test the olfactory function and the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Digit-Symbol Coding Test (DSCT), and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) were used to assess their cognitive function before general anesthesia, and on the 3rd and 7th day post-anesthesia. The serum level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured before anesthesia and at 0, 12, and 24 h post-anesthesia. In total, 30 healthy volunteers who did not undergo anesthesia were used as the control group. The test results of all subjects were recorded and their correlations were analyzed.ResultsOn the 3rd and 7th day post-anesthesia, the olfactory recognition threshold of patients in the surgical group was lower than that of control group with significant difference (P &lt; 0.05). On the 3rd and 7th postoperative day, the patient’s short-term memory and delayed memory, attention and processing speed were decreased (P &lt; 0.05). On the 7th day post-anesthesia, delayed memory and processing ability were still decreased (P &lt; 0.05). In the surgical group, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the difference of olfactory recognition score on the 3rd and 7th day post-anesthesia was positively correlated with short-term memory and delayed memory of cognitive function. Compared with pre-anesthesia, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the surgical group were significantly increased at each time point after anesthesia.ConclusionAbdominal surgery with general anesthesia in elderly patients may increase the level of serum inflammatory factors, induce olfactory impairment, particularly the decline of olfactory identification threshold and cause cognitive dysfunction with declined short-term memory, delayed memory and attention. There was a positive correlation between olfactory impairment and cognitive dysfunction after general anesthesia. Therefore, olfactory impairment could be an early indicator to guide early intervention for postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Long-Term Recreational Cannabis Use Is Associated With Lower Executive Function and Processing Speed in a Pilot Sample of Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 089198872110491
Author(s):  
Katie Stypulkowski ◽  
Rachel E. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Small Pilot Study

More older adults are using cannabis for recreational and/or medical purposes, but most studies examining cognitive function and cannabis use do not include older adults. The current small pilot study sought to compare cognitive function and emotional functioning among adults age 60 and older who were regular, primarily recreational cannabis users ( n = 28) and nonusers ( n = 10). A bimodal distribution was observed among cannabis users such that they had either initiated regular use more recently (“short-term” users; ≤7 years, n = 13) or earlier in life (“long-term” users; ≥19 years, n = 15). Nonusers, short-term, and long-term users were not different in depression, anxiety, or emotion regulation, or alcohol use. Nonusers scored significantly higher than long-term users in executive function. Short-term users scored significantly higher than long-term users in executive function, processing speed, and general cognition. Additionally, greater recent cannabis use frequency was negatively associated with working memory. The current findings suggest that short-term recreational cannabis use does not result in differences in cognitive performance compared to nonusers, which may indicate that short-term use is relatively benign in older adults. However, longer duration of use is associated with poorer processing speed and executive functioning, and more recent cannabis use is associated with poorer working memory, which may impact older adults’ overall cognitive functioning.

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