scholarly journals Antifungal Activity ofLactobacillussp. Bacteria in the Presence of Xylitol and Galactosyl-Xylitol

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Lipińska ◽  
Robert Klewicki ◽  
Elżbieta Klewicka ◽  
Krzysztof Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Michał Sójka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Indicator Strain ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact

Lactic acid fermentation is a natural method of antimicrobial food protection. Antagonistic activity ofLactobacillussp. bacteria, taking part in this process, is directed mainly against the same or other microorganisms. In this work we determine the impact of the presence of xylitol and galactosyl-xylitol on the antagonistic activity of 60Lactobacillussp. strains against indicator molds (Alternaria alternata,Alternaria brassicicola,Aspergillus niger,Fusarium latenicum,Geotrichum candidum, andMucor hiemalis) and yeasts (Candida vini). We used double-layer method to select antifungal strains ofLactobacillusbacteria and poisoned medium method to confirm their fungistatic properties. Additionally, we examined the inhibition ofAlternaria brassicicolabyLactobacillus paracaseiŁOCK 0921 cultivated with xylitol or galactosyl-xylitol directly on wild cherries. The presence of xylitol and its galactosyl derivative led to increase of spectrum of antifungal activity in most of the studied plant-associated lactobacilli strains. However, no single strain exhibited activity against all the indicator microorganisms. The antifungal activity ofLactobacillusbacteria against molds varied considerably and depended on both the indicator strain and the composition of the medium. The presence of xylitol and galactosyl-xylitol in the growth medium is correlated with the antifungal activity of the studiedLactobacillussp. bacteria against selected indicator molds.

scholarly journals The Impact of Gelatin on the Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Fucoidan Microspheres with Posaconazole

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4087
Author(s):  
Marta Szekalska ◽  
Aleksandra Citkowska ◽  
Magdalena Wróblewska ◽  
Katarzyna Winnicka
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
The Impact

Fungal infections and invasive mycoses, despite the continuous medicine progress, are an important globally therapeutic problem. Multicompartment dosage formulations (e.g., microparticles) ensure a short drug diffusion way and high surface area of drug release, which as a consequence can provide improvement of therapeutic efficiency compared to the traditional drug dosage forms. As fucoidan is promising component with wide biological activity per se, the aim of this study was to prepare fucospheres (fucoidan microparticles) and fucoidan/gelatin microparticles with posaconazole using the one-step spray-drying technique. Pharmaceutical properties of designed fucospheres and the impact of the gelatin addition on their characteristics were evaluated. An important stage of this research was in vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of developed microparticles using different Candida species. It was observed that gelatin presence in microparticles significantly improved swelling capacity and mucoadhesiveness, and provided a sustained POS release. Furthermore, it was shown that gelatin addition enhanced antifungal activity of microparticles against tested Candida spp. strains. Microparticles formulation GF6, prepared by the spray drying of 20% fucoidan, 5% gelatin and 10% Posaconazole, were characterized by optimal mucoadhesive properties, high drug loading and the most sustained drug release (after 8 h 65.34 ± 4.10% and 33.81 ± 5.58% of posaconazole was dissolved in simulated vaginal fluid pH 4.2 or 0.1 M HCl pH 1.2, respectively).

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of several isolates of Trichoderma against Cladosporium and Botrytis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skaptsov ◽  
S. Smirnov ◽  
M. Kutsev ◽  
O. Uvarova ◽  
T. Sinitsyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
The South

<p><em>Trichoderma</em> isolates (SSBGT07, SSBGT08, SSBGT09, SSBGT10) were isolated from the soil samples of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden and identified using morphological observation and ITS region analysis as <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>, <em>T. asperellum, T. ghanense</em>, and <em>T. longibranchiatum</em>. Antagonistic activity against <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. and<em> Botrytis </em>sp. was evaluated <em>in vitro</em>. All isolates showed antagonistic effect by competition against <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. <em>T. asperellum </em>and <em>T. longibranchiatum</em> showed antagonism against <em>Botrytis </em>sp. All isolates showed hyper sporulation on the sclerotia of <em>Botrytis</em> sp. (except the <em>T. ghanense</em>) and colonies of the <em>Cladosporium</em> sp. Our study provides new isolates that affect the <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. and<em> Botrytis </em>sp.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of selected antagonistic fungi on Fusarium species – toxigenic cereal pathogens

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delfina Popiel ◽  
Hanna Kwaśny ◽  
Jerzy Chełkowski ◽  
Łukasz Stępień ◽  
Magdalena Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Ear Blight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

<em>Fusarium</em>-ear blight is a destructive disease in various cereal-growing regions and leads to significant yield and quality losses for farmers and to contamination of cereal grains with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol and derivatives, zearalenone and moniliformin. <em>Fusarium</em> pathogens grow well and produce significant inoculum on crop resiudues. Reduction of mycotoxins production and pathogen sporulation may be influenced by saprophytic fungi, exhibiting antagonistic effect. Dual culture bioassays were used to examine the impact of 92 isolates (belonging to 29 fungal species) against three toxigenic species, i.e. <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em> (Corda) Saccardo, <em>F. culmorum</em> (W.G.Smith) Saccardo and <em>F. graminearum</em> Schwabe. Both <em>F.culmorum</em> and <em>F. graminearum</em> isolates produce trichothecene mycotoxins and mycohormone zearalenone and are considered to be the most important cereal pathogens worldwide. Infection with those pathogens leads to accumulation of mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grains. <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em> isolates are producers of moniliformin (MON) and enniatins. Isolates of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. were found to be the most effective ones to control the growth of examined <em>Fusarium</em> species. The response of <em>Fusarium</em> isolates to antagonistic activity of <em>Trichoderma</em> isolates varied and also the isolates of <em>Trichoderma</em> differed in their antagonistic activity against <em>Fusarium</em> isolates. The production of MON by two isolates of F. avenaceum in dual culture on rice was reduced by 95% to 100% by <em>T. atroviride</em> isolate AN 35. The same antagonist reduced the amount of moniliformin from 100 μg/g to 6.5 μg/g when inoculated to rice culture contaminated with MON, which suggests the possible decomposition of this mycotoxin.

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF EIGHT MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST CITRUS SOUR ROT AGENT GEOTRICHUM CANDIDUM

2015 ◽  
pp. 1563-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idriss Talibi ◽  
Latifa Askarne ◽  
Hassan Boubaker ◽  
El Hassane Boudyach ◽  
Abdellah Ait Ben Oumar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Sour Rot ◽  
Citrus Sour Rot ◽  
In Vivo Antifungal Activity

scholarly journals Spectroscopic and Magnetic performance of Cobalt (Co) Incorporated NiMn0.05Fe1.95O4 Nanoferrites: A potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MT675916).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna Thakur ◽  
Geetika Guleria ◽  
Shweta Thakur ◽  
Sushma Sharma ◽  
Poonam Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Gel Combustion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We investigated the impact of cobalt (Co) incorporation on the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of ferrite Ni1 − xCoxMn0.05Fe1.95O4, also known as NCMF for x = 0, 0.02, and 0.04, which were successfully synthesized using a low-temperature sol gel combustion process with nitrates as cations and citric acid (C6H8O7) as the combustion/chelating agent. In X-ray diffraction studies, cobalt incorporation resulted in a significant increase in lattice parameter from 8.31 to 8.36, as well as a significant increase in density from 5.42 to 5.52 g/cm3; crystal size formation was observed in the range of 44.76 nm to 48.54 nm for all samples. Raman spectra analysis confirmed that single phase belongs to the Fd3m space group. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were used to identify functional clusters and residual groups in all samples. UV-visible spectroscopy showed a redshift of 0.92 eV for x = 0.04. The effect of dopants on nickel ferrites' magnetization was observed in the range 52emu/g − 59emu/g, indicating that all samples contain soft magnetic content. Antifungal activity of synthesized sample was analyzed against Aspergillus niger (MT675916) species of plant pathogenic fungi isolated from Capsicum during storage. Biological analysis designated that the sample for x = 0.04 has shown a 100% potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MT675916) species. For x = 0.04 treatment completely inhibit the growth of fungus after 7 days. Therefore, NCMF NPs can be used as applicant resources for industrial, medical, and biological applications.

scholarly journals Increased usage of antiseptics is associated with reduced susceptibility in clinical isolates of S. aureus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Hardy ◽  
Katie Sunnucks ◽  
Hannah Gil ◽  
Sahida Shabir ◽  
Eleftheria Trampari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Hospital Medicine ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Biocide Resistance ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHospital acquired infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and regimes to prevent infection are crucial in infection control. These include decolonisation of at-risk patients of carriage of MRSA which is commonly achieved by protocols that include the use of chlorhexidine, or octenidine as biocidal agents. There is however no standardised single decolonisation regime agreed upon in the UK or other countries and protocols include a variety of active agents. Antibiotic resistant bacteria cause major problems in hospital medicine and concern has been raised regarding the development of biocide resistance which would cause decolonisation regimes to become unreliable. In this study, we assembled a panel of isolates of S. aureus including isolates collected before the development of chlorhexidine and octenidine through to a contemporaneous panel of isolates from a major hospital trust in the UK during a period when the decolonisation regime was altered. We observed significant increases in the MIC and MBC of chlorhexidine in isolates collected from periods of high usage of chlorhexidine. No isolates had a significantly altered MIC or MBC of octenidine apart from those collected after octenidine was introduced into the trust where isolates with four-fold decreases in susceptibility emerged. There was no suggestion of cross-resistance between the two biocidal agents. A combination of VNTR, PCR for qac genes and whole genome sequencing was used to type isolates and examine possible mechanisms of resistance. The typing data showed no expansion of a single strain was associated with decreased biocide tolerance and isolates with increased chlorhexidine MIC and MBCs were found from different clonal complexes; CC8, CC22 and CC30. Biocide susceptibility did not correlate with carriage of qac efflux pump genes – carriage of qacA and qacB was detected but, with one exception was restricted to isolates of CC8. Analysis of genome sequence data for closely related pairs of strains with differential biocide susceptibility revealed no common mutations or carriage of accessory elements that correlated with biocide tolerance. Mutations with the NorA or NorB efflux pumps, previously associated with chlorhexidine export were identified suggesting this may be an important mechanism of biocide tolerance. The clinical relevance of decreased biocide tolerance in terms of efficacy of decolonisation therapies remains to be established but we present evidence here that isolates are evolving in the face of biocide challenge in patients and that changes to decolonisation regimes are reflected in changes in susceptibility of isolates. More work is needed to assess the impact of these changes to ensure effective and robust decolonisation protocols remain in place.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo toxicity of fungicides and biofungicides for the control of verticillium and fusarium wilt of pepper

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Milica Mihajlovic ◽  
Emil Rekanovic ◽  
Jovana Hrustic ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Brankica Tanovic
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
By Products ◽  
Pepper Plants

A survey of in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum to several commercial fungicides and biofungicides was undertaken. In in vitro assays, the tested isolate of V. dahliae proved to be very sensitive to difenoconazole (EC50 = 0.02 mg/l). However, under greenhouse conditions, the highest efficacy in V. dahliae control on inoculated pepper plants was recorded for a product based on thiophanate-methyl (83.10% compared to control). Among the tested fungicides, the lowest efficacy was recorded for a product based on azoxystrobin (23.10 %) with no significant difference compared to control (p > 0.05). In in vitro assays, the tested F. oxysporum isolate was the most sensitive to prochloraz (EC50 = 0.07 mg/l) and the least sensitive to fluopyram (EC50 = 1075.01 mg/l). In in vivo assay, the highest efficacy was achieved by products based on captan (95.60%), and the lowest by a product based on thiophanate-methyl (54.40%). Antagonistic activity of the bacterium B. subtilis under laboratory conditions was not satisfying. Also, the antifungal activity and spectrum of a tested product based on tee tree oil was not efficient in suppressing pepper wilting caused by V. dahliae and F. oxysporum.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of indigenous Bacillus spp. isolated from soil

2017 ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Bjelic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
Nemanja Spremo ◽  
Maja Karaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Biocontrol using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represents an alternative approach to disease management, since PGPR are known to promote growth and reduce diseases in various crops. Among the different PGPR, members of the genus Bacillus are prefered for most biotechnological uses due to their capability to form extremely resistant spores and produce a wide variety of metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The objective of this research was to identify antagonistic bacteria for management of the plant diseases. Eleven isolates of Bacillus spp. were obtained from the soil samples collected from different localities in the Province of Vojvodina. The antifungal activity of bacterial isolates against five fungal species was examined using a dual plate assay. Bacillus isolates exhibited the highest antifungal activity against Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae and Alternaria padwickii, while they had the least antagonistic effect on Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum. Molecular identification showed that effective bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus safensis (B2), Bacillus pumilus (B3, B11), Bacillus subtilis (B5, B7) and Bacillus megaterium (B8, B9). The highest antagonistic activity was exhibited by isolates B5 (from 39% to 62% reduction in fungal growth) and B7 (from 40% to 71% reduction in fungal growth). These isolates of B. subtilis could be used as potential biocontrol agents of plant diseases.

scholarly journals Bacillus velezensis as Antagonist towards Penicillium roqueforti s.l. in Silage: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Wambacq ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Monica Höfte ◽  
Sarah De Saeger ◽  
Geert Haesaert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Penicillium Roqueforti ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
The Impact

In Belgium, silages are often infected by Penicillium roqueforti sensu lato (s.l.). These toxigenic fungi are well adapted to silage conditions, and their prevention during feed-out is difficult. Bacillus velezensis strain NRRL B-23189 has been reported to inhibit P.&nbsp;roqueforti&nbsp;s.s. conidiospore germination in vitro by the production of lipopeptides. In the present study, the antagonistic effect of this B. velezensis strain towards P.&nbsp;roqueforti&nbsp;s.l. was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, corn silage conditions were simulated, and the impact of B.&nbsp;velezensis culture supernatant or cell suspension on P.&nbsp;roqueforti&nbsp;s.l. growth, conidiospore germination and survival and roquefortine C production was evaluated. The antagonism was promising, but growth of B.&nbsp;velezensis in corn silage infusion was poor. An in vivo experiment with microsilos containing a mixture of perennial ryegrass and white clover artificially contaminated with P.&nbsp;roqueforti&nbsp;s.l. was carried out to determine if B.&nbsp;velezensis cell suspension could be used as an antagonistic silage inoculant. The B.&nbsp;velezensis cell suspension applied was unsuccessful in reducing P.&nbsp;roqueforti&nbsp;s.l. numbers at desiling after 56 days compared to no additive application. However, feed-out of the silage was not simulated, so it remains elusive whether or not B.&nbsp;velezensis exerts antagonistic activity during this phase.&nbsp;

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