scholarly journals Comparative Performance Evaluation of Routine Malaria Diagnosis at Ho Municipal Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Osei-Yeboah ◽  
Gameli Kwame Norgbe ◽  
Sylvester Yao Lokpo ◽  
Mohammed Khadijah Kinansua ◽  
Loverage Nettey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional

Differences in quality performance score had been reported for the routinely used diagnostic methods for malaria at different settings. There is therefore a need to evaluate the test performance of the routine diagnostic methods for malaria detection in Ho, a setting with no recorded quality evaluation on malaria diagnosis. The hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted comprising 299 outpatients. Patients were first seen and presumptively diagnosed with malaria by a clinician and were referred to the laboratory for confirmation (microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test). The performance analysis included sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), weighted kappa, Youden index, andpvalue. Out of the 299 patients, 221 patients were positive by presumptive diagnosis, 35 were positive by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), and 25 were positive by microscopy. Using microscopy as the gold standard, RDT had sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 92.73%, whilst presumptive diagnosis had a sensitivity of 70.83% and specificity of 25.82%. The RDT recorded ROC of 0.697 withpvalue of 0.0001. The presumptive diagnosis recorded ROC of 0.506 withpvalue of 0.7304. Though none of the test methods evaluated over the gold standard achieved the WHO recommended diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, the RDT achieved an acceptable agreement with the gold standard.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Malaria Diagnosis: Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDTs) Against Microscopy among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Specialist Hospital, Sokoto

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
K. Mohammed ◽  
M. U. Iduh ◽  
S. M. Saheed ◽  
O. F. Ashcroft ◽  
M. K. Garba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. It was estimated that 219 million cases of malaria occur in 87 countries, with an estimated death of 435,000 in 2017 among pregnant women. Other species include P. ovale, P. vivax, and P. malariae is a blood parasite of human and is one of the major public health burdens in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that about 3.5 billion people globally and 450 million people are thought to be ill as a result of such infections, the majority being children. Aims: This study was aimed at comparing RDTs against microscopy in the detection of malaria parasite among pregnant women. Samples were collected and analyzed following cross-sectional comparative study design. It was conducted between Septembers to November 2019. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, comparative study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted among patients attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Sokoto State, between March and November, 2019. Methodology: A total of 106 participants were enrolled for the study. Standard parasitological examination was carried out on blood samples using microscopy followed by Rapid Diagnostic test (RDTs). Results: Finding revealed, in this study, CareStart kit had sensitivity of 77.7%, specificity of 100s%. It is expected that any RDT used for malaria diagnosis should have a high sensitivity of 95% and specificity 97% (WHO, 2003); this is in contrast with the RDTs results in this study. The false negative (FN) Carestart and SD-Bioline kits in this study were 10% and 21%, respectively using microscopy as the gold standard due to lack of sensitivity of RDTs at low parsitaemia compared to microscopy. The false positive rate in this study for the Carestart and SD-Bioline kits are 0% and 0% respectively. Out of 106 patients screened, 35% and 24% tested positive for Plasmodiumfalciparum using Carestart and SD-Bioline RDTs respectively, while 45% were positive to malaria by microscopic examination. There was high prevalence of malaria parasite among age group 18-23 which is 42.2%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that using microscopy is more time consuming compared to RDTs due to the fact that the time taken to read the results for RDTs is within five minutes and that of microscopy is higher compared to RDTs. Over all prevalence of malaria by microscopy was 42.5% while the prevalence of malaria by Carestart and SD-bioline was 33% and 22.6% respectively. Conventional microscopy remains the gold standard compared to RDTs according to this study with the level of its sensitivity and specificity which is higher than RDTs.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance between Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (HRP-2), a Rapid Malaria Diagnostic Test and Microscopic-Based Staining Techniques for Diagnosis of Malaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Baptiste Niyibizi ◽  
Emmanuel Kamana Gatera
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Study Participants

Malaria presents a diagnostic challenge in most tropical countries such as Rwanda. Microscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing malaria, but it is labor intensive and depends upon the skill of the examiner. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been developed as an easy, convenient alternative to microscopy. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Rukara Health Center which is located in Eastern Province, Kayonza district, Rwanda. One hundred and fifty suspected cases of malaria, who attended Rukara Health Centre, during the period, from 21st June to 30th July 2018, were included in this study. HRP-2 RDTs (CareStart™ Malaria HRP-2 (Access Bio, Inc., Somerset, New Jersey, USA)), for malaria were performed. Thick smears were prepared and Giemsa-stained as recommended; then slides were observed under microscopy and reported quantitatively; RDTs were reported qualitatively (positive or negative). Both RDTs and thick smear results were recorded on data collection sheet. This study included a total of 150 study participants, 87 (58%) females and 63 (42%) males. The patients included in the study did not receive any antimalarial drug. The mean age of the study participants was 31.6 ± 12.4 with the majority of participants being between 25 and 44 years and the minority being above 65 years. The sensitivity of RDT (HRP-2) was calculated and found to be 95.0%, whereas the sensitivity of Giemsa microscopy was 100%. The specificity of RDT (HRP-2) was calculated and found to be 59.2%, whereas the specificity of Giemsa microscopy was 100%. Negative and positive predictive values of RDT are 85.4% and 82.7%, respectively. Negative and positive predictive values of Giemsa microscopy were both 100%. According to the results of the current study, the sensitivity, specificity, and both positive and negative predictive values of Giemsa microscopy are higher than those of histidine-rich protein 2-based rapid diagnostic test for malaria. The results obtained in histidine-rich protein 2-based rapid diagnostic test for malaria parasites should be confirmed with tests with high specificity. Further studies should determine the most appropriate type of rapid diagnostic test of malaria diagnosis to be used in combination with Giemsa microscopy. In addition, sensitivity and specificity of RDT (HRP-2) and Giemsa microscopy should be assessed against molecular biology techniques.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of Rapid Diagnostic Test with Microscopic Gold Standard to Identify Plasmodium Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Sahrir Sillehu ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Yoes Prijatna Dachlan ◽  
Sudjajadi Keman
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Standard Result ◽  
A Value

Malaria is a main health problem in islands area which is under developed and isolated. Nation-wide, in 2014 Maluku province was recorded to have Annual Malaria Incident (AMI) value of 30.4%, positive incidents of 13.30%, ABER 3.76%, SPR 21.50%, and Annual Paracite Incident (API) 8.10%, while South Buru Regency has a value of Annual Malaria Incident (AMI) of 14.49%, 494 positive incidents, ABER 1.12%, SPR 60.91%, and Annual Paracite Incident (API) 6.86%. The purpose of this study was to identify Plasmodium species in malaria incidents in NamroleSubdistrict, South Buru Regency, Maluku Province. Observational research with a sample of 64 respondents for symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria. The instrument for the research was Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and microscopic Gold Standard. Result: Malaria examination by using RDT suggested 3 kinds of parasites, i.e., P. falciparum, P. Vivax, and a mix between P. falciparum and P. vivax. Most parasites found were P. falciparum 56.3%. The accuracy of RDT examination was proven with microscopic test and the result suggested that the RDT sensitivity was 100% and the specifivity was 63.3%. Positive predictive value was 92.9% and negative predictive value was 100%, both were for positive likelihood ration of 2.75%. While for negative likelihood ration of 0%, the value of degree of conformity (Kappa) between RDT and microscopic is 0%. RDT has one benefit that it can be use to conduct malaria diagnosis rapidly, particularly in isolated areas. The benefit of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was that it could be used in remote and isolated areas to conduct diagnosis. RDT is highly effective and efficient.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of Rapid Diagnostic Test with Microscopic Gold Standard to Identify Plasmodium Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Sahrir Sillehu ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Yoes Prijatna Dachlan ◽  
Sudjajadi Keman
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Standard Result ◽  
A Value

Malaria is a main health problem in islands area which is under developed and isolated. Nation-wide, in 2014 Maluku province was recorded to have Annual Malaria Incident (AMI) value of 30.4%, positive incidents of 13.30%, ABER 3.76%, SPR 21.50%, and Annual Paracite Incident (API) 8.10%, while South Buru Regency has a value of Annual Malaria Incident (AMI) of 14.49%, 494 positive incidents, ABER 1.12%, SPR 60.91%, and Annual Paracite Incident (API) 6.86%. The purpose of this study was to identify Plasmodium species in malaria incidents in NamroleSubdistrict, South Buru Regency, Maluku Province. Observational research with a sample of 64 respondents for symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria. The instrument for the research was Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and microscopic Gold Standard. Result: Malaria examination by using RDT suggested 3 kinds of parasites, i.e., P. falciparum, P. Vivax, and a mix between P. falciparum and P. vivax. Most parasites found were P. falciparum 56.3%. The accuracy of RDT examination was proven with microscopic test and the result suggested that the RDT sensitivity was 100% and the specifivity was 63.3%. Positive predictive value was 92.9% and negative predictive value was 100%, both were for positive likelihood ration of 2.75%. While for negative likelihood ration of 0%, the value of degree of conformity (Kappa) between RDT and microscopic is 0%. RDT has one benefit that it can be use to conduct malaria diagnosis rapidly, particularly in isolated areas. The benefit of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was that it could be used in remote and isolated areas to conduct diagnosis. RDT is highly effective and efficient.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test Currently Being Used in the Management of Malaria in Patients of the Hia/Chu-Parakou and the Boko Zone Hospital in Northern Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokponnon F ◽  
◽  
Osse R ◽  
Houessou C ◽  
Akogbeto M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Adequate Management

Parasitological diagnosis is a fundamental element in the adequate management of the disease. In the last decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in the development of malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kits. This is the case with SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf, which searches for HRP2 antigen by immunochromatography. The objective of this study is to compare the results of RDT SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf in use with the results of Thick Gout (TG) in the biological diagnosis of malaria. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and evaluative study carried out at the Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées-Center Hospitalier et Universitaire de Parakou and at the Boko zone hospital from April 20 to July 30, 2015. Patient identification, we used the non-probabilistic method and the convenience choice technique. The study involved 503 patients. The results of this study showed a good performance of the RDT SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf. Among the 503 patients, 199 or 39.6% were positive for the RDT against 180 or 35.8% positive for the Thick Gout (TG). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the test compared to the thick film were respectively (91.7%, 89.5%, 82.9, 95) and the Kappa coefficient of 0.88 testifies a good match. False positive cases are noted in patients on treatment and even after recovery due to the persistence of the HRP2 antigen in the blood. However, it constitutes an interesting alternative to the management of malaria. At the end of this study, we suggest continuing the use of RDTs in health centers where microscopy is absent and/or reinforcing microscopy, and to strengthen staff training in the management of malaria cases.

scholarly journals Rapid Diagnostic Test Versus Microscopy for Diagnosing Malaria Among Pregnant Women in a Resource-Poor Setting; A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Bartholomew N. Odio ◽  
Leonard O. Ajah ◽  
Perpetus C. Ibekwe ◽  
Monique I. Ajah ◽  
George O. Ugwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resource Poor Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resource Poor

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic challenge of malaria in Nigeria remarkably impedes the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of laboratory diagnosis before treatment. Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) is easier and cheaper to perform when compared with microscopy especially in resource-poor settings. However there are conflicting results on the accuracy of RDT versus microscopy from previous studies. AIM: To compare the overall accuracy of   microscopy and RDT in detecting peripheral malaria among   pregnant women with clinical features of malaria. MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a cross-sectional comparative studyin whichRDT, microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed using the peripheral bloodof the eligible study participants at the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki between September 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017.The PCR was used as the gold standard in this study. Data was analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18 (IBM SPSS, Chicago, USA). P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The actual prevalent rates of malaria based on RDT, microscopy and PCR results among the participants were 58.2%, 59.9% and 61.1% respectively. There was no statistical significant difference among RDT, microscopy and combined RDT and microscopy on overall accuracy. Malaria infestation was associated with self-employed and unemployed women, primigravidity, second trimester, rural residence, non-use of long lasting insecticide treated nets and intermittent preventive therapy for malaria. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in overall accuracy among RDT, microscopy and combined RDT and microscopy. This underscores the need to scale up RDT for every patient with clinical features of malaria before treatment in this environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Antigen Detection Rapid Diagnostic Test for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples

COVID ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-783
Author(s):  
Hoi-Ying Lam ◽  
Ka-Yi Leung ◽  
Ruiqi Zhang ◽  
Danlei Liu ◽  
Yujing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Antigen detection rapid diagnostic tests have been developed for first-line large-scale screening given their rapidity, simplicity, and accuracy. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of an antigen detection rapid diagnostic test (BLOK BioScience, London, UK) detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Serially diluted SARS-CoV-2 isolate and 110 NPS from COVID-19 patients were tested to determine the test’s sensitivity, and other viral isolates and 20 NPS from non-infected individuals were, for specificity, also tested. Ten clinical samples from COVID-19 patients with SARS-CoV-2 variants, including alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and eta variants, were collected to evaluate the test’s potential application in detecting emerging variants. Overall sensitivity was 92%, and stratifying into viral loads yielded 100% for Ct < 25 samples including SARS-CoV-2 variants, but 11.11% for Ct ≥ 30 samples. The analytical sensitivity of log10 TCID50/mL 2.0 was identified for SARS-CoV-2. Ninety-seven percent specificity with only SARS-CoV cross-reactivity lead to the Youden index of 0.89. The rapid diagnostic test has a high sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in high viral load samples, possibly including emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, but reduced sensitivity in low viral load samples suggests its optimized usage as a complementary testing method to other tests, including RT-PCR or a point-of-care test for large-scale screening, particularly for pandemic areas or airport border infection control.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Evaluation of a Rapid MEDsan IgG Test in Children Seeking Medical Care

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara M Posfay-Barbe ◽  
Diego O Andrey ◽  
Julien Virzi ◽  
Patrick Cohen ◽  
Fiona Pigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Seropositivity Rate

Abstract In 208 children seeking medical care, the seropositivity rate of anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 8.7%, suggesting an infection rate similar to that observed in adults but &gt;100-fold the incidence of RT-PCR–confirmed pediatric cases. Compared with the gold-standard combined ELISA + immunofluorescence, the MEDsan IgG rapid diagnostic test performed accurately.

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