scholarly journals Diet, Lifestyles, Family History, and Prostate Cancer Incidence in an East Algerian Patient Group

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somia Lassed ◽  
Cláudia M. Deus ◽  
Nuno Lourenço ◽  
Abderrezak Dahdouh ◽  
Albert A. Rizvanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Prostate cancer (PC) is the fourth most common cancer in men and the sixth leading cause of death in Algeria. To examine the relationship between lifestyle factors, including diet, and family history and PC risk, a case-control study was performed in an eastern Algerian population, comprising 90 patients with histologically confirmed PC and 190 controls. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the different variables. The data showed that consumption of lamb and beef meat and high intake of animal fat and dairy products increased PC risk. Seven to thirteen vegetables servings per week and fourteen or more servings decreased PC risk by 62% and 96%, respectively. Seven to fourteen fruit servings per week decrease PC risk by 98%. Green tea consumption reduced the risk of PC but the results were statistically borderline. Increased risk was observed for individuals with family history of PC in first and in second degree. A positive strong association was also found for alcohol and smoking intake and a dose-response relationship existed for quantity and history of smoking. This study suggests that dietary habits, lifestyle factors, and family history have influence on the development of PC in Algerian population.

The Relationship of Drug Abuse to Unexplained Sudden Death

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
pp. 1903-1906
Author(s):  
Amy C. Gruszecki ◽  
Gerald McGwin, Jr ◽  
C. Andrew Robinson, Jr ◽  
Gregory G. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Context.—Forensic pathologists regularly investigate the deaths of individuals with a history of drug abuse. Autopsy, including toxicology testing, reveals no cause for death in a subset of this cohort. Objective.—To determine whether deaths with an undetermined cause and manner of death are associated with a history of drug abuse. Design.—Retrospective matched case-control study of 52 decedents whose cause of death remained undetermined following autopsy, matched 1:2 to a control group of living patients admitted for cholecystectomy according to age and date of death or procedure. Results.—Individuals whose cause of death was undetermined were 5.3 times (95% confidence interval, 1.9– 14.5) more likely to have a history of drug abuse than were patients with cholecystitis. Conclusions.—Decedents with a history of chronic drug abuse appear to be at an increased risk of dying by their chronic drug abuse, even in the absence of any anatomical or toxicologic finding at autopsy to account for death.

scholarly journals Association of dietary pattern on asthma and allergic disorders: an observational hospital based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Dillip Kumar Dash ◽  
Mrutunjaya Dash ◽  
Bibhudatta Dash ◽  
Mamata Devi Mohanty ◽  
Swarup Kumar Bisoi
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Background: Asthma is an increasing global health burden, especially in the western world but now a day not uncommon in developing countries like India. With rapid changes in diet being one of the hallmarks of westernization, nutrition may play a key role in affecting the complex genetics and developmental pathophysiology of asthma. People consume a combination of foods from various groups that form a dietary pattern. Studying the role of dietary patterns in asthma is an important emerging area of research. The aim of this study was to review dietary patterns and asthma outcomes in children, also to maternal diet and child asthma. With all the studies that have been undertaken, some clearly state the protective effects/adverse effects of certain foods, while others deepen the dilemma. The objective of this study was to establish association between dietary habits and Asthma (and allergic disorders) in children.Methods: A questionnaire obtained from the International study for Asthma and Allergy in Children questionnaire was used to evaluate the dietary habits and disease status of the 834 children attending to pediatrics OPD/IPD for varying disease condition of eastern Odisha region over a period of 2 years. Children aged 4 to14 years with diagnosis of asthma were eligible for the study. The clinical criteria for diagnosis of asthma were based on the recommendations of the British Thoracic Society Guidelines, October 2014. The diagnosis of asthma was made if all the following criteria were met: (i) recurrent episodes (>3) of one or more of the following symptoms - wheeze, cough, breathing difficulties and chest tightness, particularly at night or in the early hours of the morning; (ii) respiratory symptoms improve spontaneously or after treatment (bronchodilators with or without corticosteroids); (iii) presence of triggers or aggravating factors such as exposure to allergens or irritants, physical exercise, weather changes or emotional stress; and (iv) personal history of atopy (allergic rhinitis or eczema) and/or family history of atopy (asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema) in first-degree relatives. The children/ parental had to fill the questionnaire under teachers’ guidance.Results: Present study reveals asthma and allergic disorders were more prevalent in those consuming a lacto ovo vegetarian diet. Other significant association was seen with Junk food {significantly correlated (OR: 1.643, P   <0.005)}, positive family history (P < 0.005) and as well as with obesity (P < 0.005).Conclusions: Although it is common belief that vegetarians are less affected by asthma and other allergic disorder which is backed up by numerous previous studies which reveals a vegetarian diet to be protective against asthma. But our study shows a different picture. The school of thought that considers vegetarian diet tobe protective may lay its basis on the high antioxidant levels in the blood, which according to a new hypothesis, on the contrary may be related to increased risk of allergies too.  

Risk for death from prostate cancer predicted from complete family history of lethal prostate cancer (LPC).

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Albright ◽  
Neeraj Agarwal ◽  
William Thomas Lowrance ◽  
Robert A Stephenson ◽  
Anitha Alex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lethal Prostate Cancer

175 Background: There are few published reports of relative risk (RR) for LPC based on family history of prostate cancer (PC) lethality. This study provides LPC RR using complete LPC family history data obtained from a statewide Cancer Registry linked to a genealogy database. Methods: The Utah Population Data Base (UPDB), which includes a statewide SEER cancer registry, includes 1,192,768 individuals with at least 12 of their 14 immediate ancestors. All males (probands) with specific LPC constellations were identified in the UPDB, and the observed number of LPC cases among these probands was compared to the expected number of LPC cases using internal cohort-specific rates from Utah death certificates including all deceased males with no 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree relatives with LPC. LPC Family history was estimated for 1st degree to 3rd degree relatives for: number of LPC relatives affected, paternal versus maternal family history, and age at first PC diagnosis. Results: 3,921 individuals in UPDB were diagnosed with histologically confirmed PC, and had a Utah death certificate indicating PC as a cause of death and were designated LPC. The RR for LPC was significantly elevated with each additional first-degree relative (FDR) with LPC; even in the absence of FDR family history of LPC, significantly increased risk for LPC was observed in the presence of at least 1 LPC affected second degree relative (SDR). In the absence of positive FDR and SDR family history for LPC, there was still increased risk for LPC for males with 2 or more third degree relatives with LPC. Early age PC diagnosis in the LPC relative did not appear to affect LPC RR. Higher risks of LPC were associated with the maternal compared to the paternal lineages. Conclusions: Examination of lethal prostate cancer family history (in FDRs through TDRs) may be useful in identifying the cohort of men with prostate cancer most at risk for death from prostate cancer. Focused screening and treatment of this cohort holds potential to decrease the rates of undertreatment of lethal disease while avoiding over diagnosis and overtreatment in inconsequential disease.

scholarly journals Usual adult occupation and risk of prostate cancer in West African men: the Ghana Prostate Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Adler ◽  
Melissa C Friesen ◽  
Edward D Yeboah ◽  
Yao Tettey ◽  
Richard B Biritwum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Occupational Classification ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Job Titles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Occupations ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesEstablished prostate cancer (PCa) risk factors include age, family history of PCa and African ancestry. Studies, mostly among highly screened, predominantly European ancestral populations, suggest that employment in certain occupations (eg, farming, military) may also have an increased risk for PCa. Here, we evaluated the association between usual adult occupation and PCa risk in Ghanaian men, a population with historically low rates of PCa screening.MethodsThe Ghana Prostate Study is a case-control study of PCa that was conducted from 2004 to 2012 in 749 cases and 964 controls. In-person interviews were conducted to collect information from participants, including longest held job. Industrial hygienists classified job titles into occupational categories. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs for the association between longest held job and PCa risk (overall, aggressive (Gleason≥7)), controlling for potential confounders.ResultsRisk was increased among men in management (overall PCa OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.2; aggressive PCa OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.5) and military occupations (overall PCa OR=3.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 7.0; aggressive PCa OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.5 to 8.3). Risks were also elevated for management and military-specific jobs based on 3-digit level Standard Occupational Classification definitions. Sensitivity analyses accounting for access to medical care did not show significant differences.ConclusionsOur study provides some evidence for increased risk of PCa among men in management and military occupations, which is consistent with the published literature. Additional research is needed to clarify the drivers of the associations between these occupations and PCa.

scholarly journals Two-hour postload glycemia is associated to an increased risk of NAFLD in healthy subjects with family history of type 2 diabetes: a case control study

Endocrine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-355
Author(s):  
Nadia Pallotta ◽  
Tiziana Filardi ◽  
Anna Carnovale ◽  
Luciano Nieddu ◽  
Paola Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Schizophrenia and Affective Disorder: Are They Genetically Linked?

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miron Baron ◽  
Rhoda S. Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between schizophrenic ‘spectrum’ disorders and affective illness was studied in the nuclear families of 90 chronic schizophrenic probands. An increased risk of schizophrenia and related disorders was demonstrated among the first-degree relatives of probands with a family history of major affective disorders. Conversely, relatives of probands with a family history of schizophrenic ‘spectrum’ disorders were at a greater risk of affective illness (major depression) than relatives of probands with no family history. These results lend support to the notion that a subset of affective disorders is associated with the liability to schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Traditional Dietary Pattern Increases Risk of Prostate Cancer in Argentina: Results of a Multilevel Modeling and Bias Analysis from a Case-Control Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Niclis ◽  
María D. Román ◽  
Alberto R. Osella ◽  
Aldo R. Eynard ◽  
María del Pilar Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bias Analysis ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

There is increasing evidence that dietary habits play a role in prostate cancer (PC) occurrence. Argentinean cancer risk studies require additional attention because of the singular dietary pattern of this population. A case-control study (147 PC cases, 300 controls) was conducted in Córdoba (Argentina) throughout 2008–2013. A principal component factor analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns. A mixed logistic regression model was applied, taking into account family history of cancer. Possible bias was evaluated by probabilistic bias analysis. Four dietary patterns were identified:Traditional(fatty red meats, offal, processed meat, starchy vegetables, added sugars and sweets, candies, fats, and vegetable oils),Prudent(nonstarchy vegetables, whole grains),Carbohydrate(sodas/juices and bakery products), andCheese(cheeses). High adherence to the Traditional (OR 2.82, 95%CI: 1.569–5.099) and Carbohydrate Patterns (OR 2.14, 95%CI: 1.470–3.128) showed a promoting effect for PC, whereas the Prudent and Cheese Patterns were independent factors. PC occurrence was also associated with family history of PC. Bias adjusted ORs indicate that the validity of the present study is acceptable. High adherence to characteristic Argentinean dietary patterns was associated with increased PC risk. Our results incorporate original contributions to knowledge about scenarios in South American dietary patterns and PC occurrence.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Five TrkB Gene Polymorphisms in Schizophrenia and the Interaction of Its Haplotype with rs6265 BDNF Gene Polymorphism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Renata Suchanek-Raif ◽  
Paweł Raif ◽  
Małgorzata Kowalczyk ◽  
Monika Paul-Samojedny ◽  
Aleksandra Zielińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymorphic Genotype ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Aim. The BDNF dysfunction in the schizophrenia has been soundly documented. The TrkB gene is a high-affinity receptor of the BDNF that is changed in schizophrenia and mood disorders. The study had two aims: first, to identify whether the five nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TrkB gene are associated with a diagnosis of schizophrenia; and the latter, if any association exists between the TrkB SNPs and psychopathology, suicide attempts, and family history of schizophrenia in a Caucasian population. Methods. Case-control study (401 patients and 657 healthy controls) was used to examine a predisposition for schizophrenia. The tests for psychopathology, suicide attempts, and family history of schizophrenia were conducted only in patient group. The severity of the schizophrenia was measured using the five-factor model of the PANSS. In addition, the haplotype analysis for both the separate for SNPs of TrkB gene and in combination with the rs6265 SNP BDNF gene was conducted. Results. Our case-control study revealed that the genetic variants of rs10868235 (T/T polymorphic genotype) and rs1387923 (G/G polymorphic genotype) of the TrkB gene were associated with a higher risk of developing schizophrenia in men. However, the A/A wild genotype of rs1387923 was connected with a lower risk for both the development of and the family manifestation of schizophrenia in men. The G polymorphic allele of rs1565445 was associated with an increased risk of suicide in schizophrenia. The tested SNPs of the TrkB gene did not modulate the psychopathology of schizophrenia. The haplotype that was built with five SNPs in the TrkB gene was protective for men, but after joining the rs6265 SNP of the BDNF gene, a haplotype that was protective for women was created.

scholarly journals Pituitary tumors and the risk of other malignancies- is the relationship coincidental or causal?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pekic ◽  
Marko Stojanovic ◽  
Vera Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acth Secreting ◽  
The Relationship

Pituitary adenomas are benign neoplasms of the pituitary. The most prevalent are prolactinomas and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas, followed by growth hormone- and ACTH-secreting adenomas. Most pituitary adenomas seem to be sporadic and their persistent growth is very atypical. No molecular markers predict their behavior. The occurrence of pituitary adenomas and malignancies in the same patient can be either pure coincidence or caused by shared underlying genetic susceptibility involved in tumorigenesis. Detailed family history on cancers/tumors in the first, second and third generation of family members on each side of the family has been reported in a few studies. They found an association of pituitary tumors with positive family history for breast, lung and colorectal cancer. We have reported that in about 50% of patients with pituitary adenomas an association with positive family history for cancer has been found independent of secretory phenotype (acromegaly, prolactinoma, Cushingʼs disease or non-functioning pituitary adenomas). We also found earlier onset of pituitary tumors (younger age at diagnosis of pituitary tumors) in patients with strong family history of cancer. In our recent unpublished series of 1300 patients with pituitary adenomas, 6.8% of patients were diagnosed with malignancy. The latency period between the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma and cancer was variable and in 33% of patients was longer than 5 years. Besides the inherited trophic mechanisms (shared underlying genetic variants), the potential influence of shared complex epigenetic influences (environmental and behavioral factors -obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, insulin resistance) is discussed. Further studies are needed to better understand if patients with pituitary adenomas are at increased risk for cancer.

The impact of a positive family history on clinical and pathologic outcomes of active surveillance for prostate cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
Adam Schneider ◽  
Nicholas Bowler ◽  
Ryan Fogg ◽  
Joon Yau Leong ◽  
Andrew Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Hereditary Cancer ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Hereditary Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Strong Family History ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

225 Background: Active surveillance (AS) is the preferred management strategy for men with low-risk prostate cancer. However, approximately one in three men on AS experience progression of disease leading to treatment within 5 years, highlighting an urgent unmet need to reliably distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate cancer and improve patient selection criteria for AS. Germline genetic testing for DNA repair gene mutations is now recommended for patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and a strong family history of prostate cancer or BRCA1/2-related cancers, as such mutations have been associated with more aggressive forms of the disease. Here, we investigated the impact of family history on AS outcomes, under the hypothesis that men at high genetic risk for prostate cancer are at greater risk for progression to treatment on AS. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed detailed family history data of 958 patients from our institutional database of men enrolled in AS between 1997-2019. Data on family history of prostate cancer and hereditary cancer syndrome ( BRCA1/2-related prostate, breast, ovarian and/or pancreatic cancers) were collected and integrated into a composite family history score incorporating the number of relatives with each cancer weighted by degree of relatedness. A strong family history was defined as a composite score representing > 1 first-degree relative equivalent. The primary outcome was biopsy progression and secondary outcomes were adverse pathologic features at prostatectomy and biochemical recurrence. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: In univariate analysis, a strong family history suggestive of a hereditary cancer syndrome (HR 1.37 [1.03-1.90], P = 0.033) was associated with a significant increased risk of biopsy progression; however, any family history of prostate cancer (HR 1.10 [0.89-1.35], P = 0.38) and a strong family history of prostate cancer (HR 1.35 [0.92-1.98], P = 0.13) were not significant. In multivariate analysis, a strong family history suggestive of a hereditary cancer syndrome remained a statistically significant predictor of biopsy progression (HR 1.42 [1.03-1.96], P = 0.03), after adjusting for age, percent core involvement on initial biopsy and PSA density. No significant association was found between family history and adverse features on surgical pathology or biochemical recurrence. Conclusions: A positive family history suggestive of a hereditary cancer syndrome is associated with an increased risk of biopsy progression on AS and is an independent predictor of biopsy progression. Men with such a family history may still be safely offered AS but should be counseled about the higher risk of progression. Further work to investigate the underlying genetic factors responsible for this increased risk is warranted.

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