scholarly journals An Analysis of the Effects of Smartphone Push Notifications on Task Performance with regard to Smartphone Overuse Using ERP

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seul-Kee Kim ◽  
So-Yeong Kim ◽  
Hang-Bong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
N200 Amplitude

Smartphones are used ubiquitously worldwide and are essential tools in modern society. However, smartphone overuse is an emerging social issue, and limited studies have objectively assessed this matter. The majority of previous studies have included surveys or behavioral observation studies. Since a previous study demonstrated an association between increased push notifications and smartphone overuse, we investigated the effects of push notifications on task performance. We detected changes in brainwaves generated by smartphone push notifications using the N200 and P300 components of event-related potential (ERP) to investigate both concentration and cognitive ability. ERP assessment indicated that, in both risk and nonrisk groups, the lowest N200 amplitude and the longest latency during task performance were found when push notifications were delivered. Compared to the nonrisk group, the risk group demonstrated lower P300 amplitudes and longer latencies. In addition, the risk group featured a higher rate of error in the Go-Nogo task, due to the negative influence of smartphone push notifications on performance in both risk and nonrisk groups. Furthermore, push notifications affected subsequent performance in the risk group.

A Latent State-Trait Analysis of Current Achievement Motivation Across Different Tasks of Cognitive Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Philipp Alexander Freund ◽  
Vanessa Katharina Jaensch ◽  
Franzis Preckel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Test Taker ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Perceived Challenge

Abstract. The current study investigates the behavior of task-specific, current achievement motivation (CAM: interest in the task, probability of success, perceived challenge, and fear of failure) across a variety of reasoning tasks featuring verbal, numerical, and figural content. CAM is conceptualized as a state-like variable, and in order to assess the relative stability of the four CAM variables across different tasks, latent state trait analyses are conducted. The major findings indicate that the degree of challenge a test taker experiences and the fear of failing a given task appear to be relatively stable regardless of the specific task utilized, whereas interest and probability of success are more directly influenced by task-specific characteristics and demands. Furthermore, task performance is related to task-specific interest and probability of success. We discuss the implications and benefits of these results with regard to the use of cognitive ability tests in general. Importantly, taking motivational differences between test takers into account appears to offer valuable information which helps to explain differences in task performance.

scholarly journals Expectancy of Stress-Reducing Aromatherapy Effect and Performance on a Stress-Sensitive Cognitive Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Chamine ◽  
Barry S. Oken
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
N200 Amplitude ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Performance

Objective. Stress-reducing therapies help maintain cognitive performance during stress. Aromatherapy is popular for stress reduction, but its effectiveness and mechanism are unclear. This study examined stress-reducing effects of aromatherapy on cognitive function using the go/no-go (GNG) task performance and event related potentials (ERP) components sensitive to stress. The study also assessed the importance of expectancy in aromatherapy actions.Methods. 81 adults were randomized to 3 aroma groups (active experimental, detectable, and undetectable placebo) and 2 prime subgroups (prime suggesting stress-reducing aroma effects or no-prime). GNG performance, ERPs, subjective expected aroma effects, and stress ratings were assessed at baseline and poststress.Results. No specific aroma effects on stress or cognition were observed. However, regardless of experienced aroma, people receiving a prime displayed faster poststress median reaction times than those receiving no prime. A significant interaction for N200 amplitude indicated divergent ERP patterns between baseline and poststress for go and no-go stimuli depending on the prime subgroup. Furthermore, trends for beneficial prime effects were shown on poststress no-go N200/P300 latencies and N200 amplitude.Conclusion. While there were no aroma-specific effects on stress or cognition, these results highlight the role of expectancy for poststress response inhibition and attention.

scholarly journals Critical Dynamics in Spontaneous Resting-State Oscillations Are Associated With the Attention-Related P300 ERP in a Go/Nogo Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine D. Herzog ◽  
Tim P. Steinfath ◽  
Ricardo Tarrasch
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Attentional Deficits

Sustained attention is the ability to continually concentrate on task-relevant information, even in the presence of distraction. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying this ability is critical for comprehending attentional processes as well as neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by attentional deficits, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we aimed to investigate how trait-like critical oscillations during rest relate to the P300 evoked potential—a biomarker commonly used to assess attentional deficits. We measured long−range temporal correlations (LRTC) in resting-state EEG oscillations as index for criticality of the signal. In addition, the attentional performance of the subjects was assessed as reaction time variability (RTV) in a continuous performance task following an oddball paradigm. P300 amplitude and latencies were obtained from EEG recordings during this task. We found that, after controlling for individual variability in task performance, LRTC were positively associated with P300 amplitudes but not latencies. In line with previous findings, good performance in the sustained attention task was related to higher P300 amplitudes and earlier peak latencies. Unexpectedly, we observed a positive relationship between LRTC in ongoing oscillations during rest and RTV, indicating that greater criticality in brain oscillations during rest relates to worse task performance. In summary, our results show that resting-state neuronal activity, which operates near a critical state, relates to the generation of higher P300 amplitudes. Brain dynamics close to criticality potentially foster a computationally advantageous state which promotes the ability to generate higher event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes.

Event-related potential correlates of some human cognitive ability constructs

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R Burns ◽  
Ted Nettelbeck ◽  
Christopher J Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Event Related Potential

Gender-Related Personality Attributes and Reaction to Success/Failure: An Examination of Mediating Variables

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Welch ◽  
Meg Gerrard ◽  
Aletha Huston
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Group Success ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Personality

The effects of success and failure on task performance, and attributions about performance, were compared for high and low instrumental college women. For the high instrumental group, success facilitated task performance, whereas failure had no debilitating effect; for the low instrumental group, success had no effect on subsequent performance, whereas failure interfered with it. High instrumental women attributed their success primarily to internal factors and their failures to external tactors (the “egotistical” attribution profile), whereas low instrumentar women revealed the opposite profile. The gender-appropriateness of the task had little effect on performance or attribution. Four potential mediators of these differences were investigated: self-esteem, perceived ability, expectancy of success, and attainment value. High-instrumental women's higher perceived ability and performance expectations accounted for their superior task performance, but none of the four mediators accounted for the relationship of instrumentality to attributions.

scholarly journals CAPITALISM, CONSUMERISM AND POPULAR CULTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Ankita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Soap Industry ◽  
Fight Club ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Compulsive Buying Disorder

A product’s utility has evolved over time. In today’s world, the commodities possess the power to define us. Every product that we own today, through its branding, reflects our social status, values and vice versa. It is difficult to refute the negative influence of capitalism that we witness in form of obsession with possession. The aim of the paper is to study the extent to which the products of the modern society like the protagonists in the following two movies suffer; whether it is possible to imagine an end of consumerism and not the world or has it become an inherent part of the late capitalist world in which there is no completeness but the perennial emergence of substitutes (objects). This paper studies the aforementioned issues through the movies “Fight Club” and “Confessions of a Shopaholic”. The first section of the paper uses the case of soap industry as the foundation and analyses “Fight Club”. The second section examines the role of credit card companies in compulsive buying disorder through “Confessions of a Shopaholic”. Despite the similarity between the two movies on the grounds of the modern world “suffering”, the paper highlights the difference in their treatment of the main theme of consumerism and links it to the gender politics. The final section draws a comparison between the endings of the two movies and investigates the premise of disorder in “Fight Club” and its existential threat to capitalism.

A moderated mediation model of workplace ostracism and task performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Zhao ◽  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Kan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Workplace Ostracism

Purpose Ostracism within organizations may pose communication challenges and reduce opportunities for interactions, potentially affecting coworker knowledge sharing and subsequent performance outcomes. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether knowledge sharing mediates the association between workplace ostracism and employees’ task performance, and whether the mediating effect is moderated by task interdependence. Design/methodology/approach Matched data were collected from a two-wave survey among 210 employees and their direct supervisors who work in two Chinese enterprises. Findings Results indicate that workplace ostracism is negatively associated with task performance and that knowledge sharing mediates this relation. Further, task interdependence exacerbated the main effect of workplace ostracism and the indirect effect of knowledge sharing. Originality/value This paper offers an alternative perspective (i.e. pragmatic impacts of workplace ostracism) to understand how workplace ostracism undermines employees’ task performance. Moreover, the findings emphasize that contextual factors may strengthen the detrimental effects of workplace ostracism in the practical domain.

The Benefits of Repeated Collaboration for Team Performance in a Chinese Context

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1507-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Long ◽  
Zhimei Zang ◽  
Chuanming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Master Of Business Administration ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Business Administration Students ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Different Characteristics

With teamwork being the norm since the 1980s, many researchers have conducted studies on the relationships among different characteristics of team performance. We investigated 55 teams formed by 294 Master of Business Administration students at a university in China, asking them to complete a task as part of a team of 3-8 members before filling out surveys to assess repeated collaboration and time pressure. Task performance was assessed by the students' instructors. The results showed that repeated collaboration had a negative influence on team performance and that time pressure moderated this relationship. Managerial implications are discussed.

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