scholarly journals Environmental Influences on Growth and Reproduction of InvasiveCommelina benghalensis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep K. Riar ◽  
Danesha S. Carley ◽  
Chenxi Zhang ◽  
Michelle S. Schroeder-Moreno ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Soil Nutrition ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Highly Weathered Soils ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Benghal Dayflower

Commelina benghalensis(Benghal dayflower) is a noxious weed that is invading agricultural systems in the southeastern United States. We investigated the influences of nutrition, light, and photoperiod on growth and reproductive output ofC. benghalensis. In the first experimental series, plants were grown under high or low soil nutrition combined with either full light or simulated shade. Lowered nutrition strongly inhibited vegetative growth and aboveground spathe production. Similar but smaller effects were exerted by a 50% reduction in light, simulating conditions within a developing canopy. In the second series of experiments,C. benghalensisplants were exposed to different photoperiod conditions that produced short- and long-day plants growing in similar photosynthetic periods. A short-day photoperiod decreased time to flowering by several days and led to a 40 to 60% reduction in vegetative growth, but reproduction above and below ground was unchanged. Collectively, the results indicate that (1) fertility management in highly weathered soils may strongly constrain competitiveness ofC. benghalensis; (2) shorter photoperiods will limit vegetative competitiveness later in the growing seasons of most crops; and (3) the high degree of reproductive plasticity and output possessed byC. benghalensiswill likely cause continual persistence problems in agricultural fields.

scholarly journals Tropical Spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis L.), Identification and Control

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Gregory E. MacDonald ◽  
Barry J. Brecht
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
And Control ◽  
Benghal Dayflower

Tropical spiderwort is an aggressive weed that produces aerial (above ground) and subterranean (below ground) flowers. This results in viable seed being produced both above and below ground. Tropical spiderwort also possesses the ability to root at the nodes and can be propagated from cut stems. Therefore, light cultivation can often break plant parts and increase the area of infestation. Although tropical spiderwort is difficult to control, early identification and proactive management can greatly reduce its impact on crop yields. This document is SS-AGR-223, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published May 2004. SS-AGR-223/AG230: Benghal Dayflower/Tropical Spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis L.) Identification and Control (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Biology and Management of Benghal Dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in Ornamental Crop Production

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuvraj Khamare ◽  
Chris Marble ◽  
Robert Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Industry Professionals ◽  
Benghal Dayflower

Benghal dayflower is listed among the world’s worst weeds, affecting over 25 crops in 29 countries (Holm et al., 1977). Benghal dayflower has many characteristics that make it a very troublesome weed in Florida landscapes, nurseries and other agricultural production areas. It was first recorded in Florida in 1928 and was designated as a legally noxious weed by the U.S Department of Agriculture in 1983 (Faden, 1993). Due to its status as a legally noxious weed, presence of benghal dayflower on nursery property can lead to quarantines, so identification and management is critical for nurseries. This 5-page article is written for green industry professionals and others to aid in the identification and management of benghal dayflower in and around ornamental plants. Major revision by Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, and Robert Stamps, and published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department. Previous version: Stamps, Robert. 2011. “Prevention, Early Detection, and Eradication of Benghal Dayflower in Field Nurseries”. EDIS 2011 (5/6). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/119299.

Anatomy and Pollination of Cleistogamous Flowers of Benghal Dayflower (Commelina benghalensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Hayden ◽  
Camille Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Unique Mode ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Chasmogamous Flowers ◽  
Benghal Dayflower ◽  
Cleistogamous Flower

The anatomy and pollination of subterranean cleistogamous flowers of Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) is described as a contribution to understanding its reproductive biology. Subterranean stems bear one spathe per node, each enclosing a single cleistogamous flower. Only the three anterior stamens produce functional pollen; the posterior three stamens are staminodes. Tapetum is amoeboid and endothecium is present. The three-carpellate superior ovary bears five dimorphic orthotropous ovules. Nearly mature flowers have straight to somewhat curved styles; at maturity, styles elongate and coil. Our observations indicate that coiled style growth causes rupture of anthers and brings pollen into contact with stigmas. Pollen tubes were observed in styles that had previously undergone coiling, located within mucilaginous secretions of the mature stylar canal. The subterranean cleistogamous flowers of Benghal dayflower and their apparently unique mode of pollination, viewed together with reproductive capacity of its aerial chasmogamous flowers, underscore the complexity and flexibility of the reproductive biology of this noxious weed species.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY: APICAL ABORTION

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Barker ◽  
W. B. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
Vegetative Tissue ◽  
Aerial Shoot ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
High Level

The semicultivated lowbush blueberry is fire-pruned on a 3- to 4-year cycle. In spring, vegetative growth is accomplished through the development of an axillary bud on an aerial shoot. In a fire-pruned area, the growth is delayed in both its initiation and termination by as much as a month and arises either from axillary buds on the unburned below-ground portions of the aerial stems, or from rhizome seated buds. Shoot growth is terminated by the abortion of the apical meristem and the death of the proximal portions of the axis. Evidence is presented suggesting that the death of the apex is not triggered by an appropriate photoperiod. Further, although it is inherently controlled, it does not follow the production of a specified quantity (relative to clone) of leaf nor vegetative tissue and is not related to the development of a specified (per clone) leaf photosynthetic area. Finally, there is a strong indication that the death of the shoot is speeded by the presence of a high level of auxin.

A Study on the Self-Stopping CMP Process for the Planarization of the High Step Height(@step height>1.5um) Pattern

2004 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Bok Kim ◽  
Hyo-Jin Lee ◽  
Ki-Hoon Jang ◽  
Joung-Duk Ko ◽  
Kyung-Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Mechanical Planarization ◽  
Step Height ◽  
Design Rule ◽  
Planarization Process ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Semiconductor Fabrication ◽  
Pad Conditioning ◽  
Height Step ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Polishing Pressure

AbstractCMP(Chemical Mechanical Planarization) process is widely used to reduce step height in semiconductor fabrication processes. As a design rule shrinks, a highly planar surface becomes inevitable within wafer scales. In order to get a high degree of a planarization, self-stopping characteristics of a ceria-based slurry should be studied and used in semiconductor process. In this study, threshold polishing pressure for a self-stopping characteristics was obtained by optimizing down pressure, pad conditioning, and mixing ratio of ceria abrasive and additive. A series of experiments were made to optimize the threshold polishing pressure in variable line & space patterns that consist of 0.8um step height and unit oxide film. As a result, self-stopping cmp process is twice batter than conventional silica-based process with respect to planarity and WIWNU. In addition, WIWNU and step height was dramatically decreased to less than 1000Å when applying to real fabrication devices over 2um step height.

Absorbance Linearity and Repeatability in Cylindrical Internal Reflectance FT-IR Spectroscopy of Liquids

1990 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Performance Variability ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Internal Reflectance ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

This paper reports the results of a program aimed at eliminating the sources of performance variability and excessive nonlinearity that have limited the effectiveness of the cylindrical internal reflectance technique for use in quantitative FT-IR analysis. After discussing the various optical factors that can affect performance, it describes a new adjustment-free optical design which promises to eliminate those factors which lead to data unpredictability. Finally, it summarizes the results of a series of experiments carried out to test the effectiveness of the new design. These confirm the achievement of three significant improvements: an enhancement of band strengths by factors of typically 2.5 to 3, significantly improved absorbance linearity, and a high degree of data repeatability under varied experimental conditions.

Cotton Planting Date Affects The Critical Period of Benghal Dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) Control

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
J. Timothy Flanders ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Benghal Dayflower

Benghal dayflower (formerly known as tropical spiderwort) is one of the most troublesome weeds in Georgia cotton. Field studies were conducted from 2003 to 2005 to evaluate the relationship between the duration of Benghal dayflower interference and cotton yield to establish optimum weed-control timing. To determine the critical period of weed control (CPWC), Benghal dayflower interference with cotton was allowed or prohibited in 2-wk intervals between 0 to 12 wk after crop planting. Maximum yield loss from Benghal dayflower in May-planted cotton was 21 to 30% in 2004 and 2005, whereas cotton planting delayed until June resulted in maximum yield losses of 40 to 60%. June-planted cotton had a CPWC of 190 to 800 growing degree days (GDD) in 2004 (52-d interval beginning at 16 d after planting [DAP]) and 190 to 910 GDD in 2005 (59-d interval beginning at 18 DAP). In contrast, May-planted cotton in 2005 had a narrower CPWC interval of 396 to 587 GDD (18 d) that occurred 3 wk later in the growing season (initiated at 39 DAP). May-planted cotton in 2004 did not have a critical range of weed-free conditions. Instead, a single weed removal at 490 GDD (44 DAP) averted a yield loss greater than 5%. It is recommended that fields infested with Benghal dayflower be planted with cotton early in the growing season to minimize weed interference with the crop.

Below-ground responses of silver birch trees exposed to elevated CO2 and O3 levels during three growing seasons

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kasurinen ◽  
Minna M. Keinanen ◽  
Saara Kaipainen ◽  
Lars-Ola Nilsson ◽  
Elina Vapaavuori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Elevated Co2 And O3 ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Below Ground

scholarly journals Herbicides for lamb's quarters control in soybean crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
V. N. Morokhovets ◽  
Z. V. Basay ◽  
T. V. Morokhovets ◽  
A. A. Baimulianova ◽  
N. S. Skorik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Far East ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Toxicity Level ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Active Substances

The results of the study of toxicity level for the lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.) of well-known herbicides used in soybean crops as well as herbicides promising for soybean production in the Far East are presented. Lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.) is a highly noxious weed species that is widespread in the south of the region. Weediness monitoring conducted in 2006-2020 showed that this species was present in the Primorsky Territory on 63-100% of fields occupied by soybeans with an average growth density of 3-117 pcs/m2. In 2013-2020 in a series of experiments, conducted in the conditions of the vegetation house and on the experimental fields of the institute, the toxicity level for Common lamb's quarters was determined by 20 herbicides (based on 14 active substances) used in soybean crops. It was found that the control of this weed species is most effective when applying herbicides in the soil and treating plants with a height of up to 4-11 cm at the early stages of development - 1-3 pairs of leaves. Reliable suppression of lamb's quarters in experiments was provided by the soil (before sowing or before soybean seedlings) use of herbicides containing active substances metribuzin, imazetapir, trifluralin, pendimetalin and acetochlor. Among the active ingredients of the tested foliar herbicides, fomesafen, combinations of bentazone + acifluorfen and imazamox + chlorimuron-ethyl were the most toxic for lamb's quarters. It is recommended to use the following herbicidal preparations to control the spread of lamb's quarters: before sowing or sprouting of soybeans - Lazurit, Zenkor Ultra, Pivot, Proponit, Fabian; for processing vegetative plants - Flex, Galaksi Top, Concept, Classic Forte (Harmony Classic), Proponit.

scholarly journals Enhancement of growth and increased productivity of fresh herb and aromatic oil in basil plant by foliar application with stigmasterol

1970 ◽  
pp. 07-13
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. El-Tantawy ◽  
Samah N. Azoz
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Characters

The present study was conducted through the two growing seasons of 2017 and 2018 to disclose the impact of foliar application with different concentrations of stigmasterol (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) on vegetative growth characters, yield of fresh herb/plant, anatomical structures of vegetative organs (main stem and leaves) and percentage and constituents of aromatic oil of basil plant. The obtained results indicated that stigmasterol application had a enhancing effect on growth and productivity as well as on the percentage and composition of volatile oil of basil plant and the maximum promotion was detected at 100 ppm stigmasterol. Such treatment induced favorable changes in the anatomical structures of vegetative organs.

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