scholarly journals Transformation Mechanism of Fluormica to Fluoramphibole in Fluoramphibole Glass Ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Si ◽  
Hua-Shen Xu ◽  
Ming Sun ◽  
Chao Ding ◽  
Wei-Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Isothermal Heating ◽  
Transformation Mechanism ◽  
Infrared Reflection ◽  
Bridge Oxygen ◽  
Powder Compacts

During isothermal sintering at 820°C, the transformation mechanism of fluormica to fluoramphibole in powder compacts of fluormica and soda-lime glass was investigated using differential thermal analysis, infrared reflection spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and so forth. Results show that an interaction between fluormica and glass occurred during isothermal heating; O2−, Na+, and Ca2+ions were diffused from glass to fluormica. This diffusion facilitates the transformation of the sheet structures of fluormica crystals to double-chain structures by the breakage of bridge oxygen bonds in the sheet. Subsequently, the broken two parallel double chains were rearranged by relative displacement along thec-axis direction of the fluormica crystal and were linked by Na+and Ca2+ions to form fluoramphibole. A crystallography model of fluormica-fluoramphibole transformation was established in this study.

scholarly journals Bone bonding ability of some borate bio-glasses and their corresponding glass-ceramic derivatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Margha ◽  
Amr Abdelghany
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Borate Glasses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Ternary borate glasses from the system Na2O?CaO?B2O3 together with soda-lime-borate samples containing 5 wt.% of MgO, Al2O3, SiO2 or P2O5 were prepared. The obtained glasses were converted to their glass-ceramic derivatives by controlled heat treatment. X-ray diffraction was employed to investigate the separated crys?talline phases in glass-ceramics after heat treatment of the glassy samples. The glasses and corresponding glass-ceramics after immersion in water or diluted phosphate solution for extended times were characterized by the grain method (adopted by several authors and recommended by ASTM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectra to justify the formation of hydroxyapatite as an indication of the bone bonding ability. The influence of glass composition on bioactivity potential was discussed too.

Facile Synthesis of Cu2SnSe3 Thin Film via Sol-Gel Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 774-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Wan Liu ◽  
Gui Lin Chen ◽  
Wei Feng Liu ◽  
Guo Shun Jiang ◽  
Chang Fei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorbance Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Ar Gas ◽  
Pure Cu

A low-cost non-vacuum process for fabrication of Cu2SnSe3 film by sol-gel method and knife-coating process is described. First, a certain amount of Copper (I) chloride and tin (IV) tetrachloride was dissolve into the mixture of water and alcohol and then some Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) was added to the solution to obtain based colloidal solution. Next, precursor thin layer was deposited by knife-blading technique on soda-lime glass (SLG). Finally, precursor layer was annealed at selenium flow atmosphere carried by Ar gas at 550oC. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra, it is found that pure Cu2SnSe3 film was prepared successfully. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–vis–NIR absorbance spectroscopy were used to characterize its morphology and optical bandgap.

THE INFLUENCE OF SYNTHESIZING TEMPERATURES ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE Cu/Sn/ZnS PRECURSOR THIN FILMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550009
Author(s):  
YA MING SUN ◽  
DONG LONG ◽  
XIANG CHENG MENG ◽  
ZHONG HUA ◽  
BO LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Microstructure Morphology ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Precursor Thin Film

Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin films were prepared on soda-lime glass by sulfurization of the Cu / Sn / ZnS precursors. The microstructure, morphology and optical properties of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering (Raman), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The SEM images of the precursor and the thin films annealed at different temperatures are very different due to their different surface products. The absorption spectrum shifts to high-wave band region with increasing annealing temperatures. The precursor thin film annealed at 500°C for 2 h forms a single CZTS phase with kesterite structure and the bandgap is estimated to be 1.54 eV.

Physical Properties and Biological Performance of Bioactive Glasses and Glass-Ceramics Tested In Vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorica Simon ◽  
R. Ciceo Lucacel ◽  
I. Titorencu ◽  
V. Jinga
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Biological Performance

Lime phosphosilicate and soda lime phosphosilicate glasses prepared by sol-gel method were precursors of bioactive glass-ceramics. The structure of the samples and the distribution of the [SiO4] units was investigated by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63) was used for the in vitro cellular response. DNA staining (Hoechst 33258) assay was performed for assessing samples colonization.

The Effects of Selenization Temperature on the Properties of CIGS Thin Film Prepared by Cu-In-Ga-Se Precursors

2012 ◽  
Vol 528 ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Han Bin Wang ◽  
Xi Jian Zhang ◽  
Qing Pu Wang ◽  
Xue Yan Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degree Of Reaction ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
Cigs Thin Film ◽  
Morphology Of Films ◽  
Selenization Temperature

CIGS thin films were prepared by selenization of Cu-In-Ga-Se precursors, as a new method, the effects of selenization temperature on the properties of CIGS thin films were studied. First, Cu-In-Ga-Se precursors were deposited onto Mo-coated soda lime glass by evaporation and sputtering method. Then, precursors were selenized at various temperatures in N2 atmosphere for 120 min to form CIGS thin films. The degree of reaction and morphology of films as a function of selenization temperature were analyzed. By means of field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was found that CIGS thin films selenized at 450°C exhibit chalcopyrite phase with preferred orientation along the (112) plane.

Effect of Substrate Temperature on One-Step Magnetron-Sputtered Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films for Solar Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 703-707
Author(s):  
Gui Shan Liu ◽  
Hao Na Li ◽  
Xiao Yue Shen ◽  
Zhi Qiang Hu ◽  
Hong Shun Hao
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
One Step ◽  
High Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

CIGS thin films were deposited on soda lime glass by one-step magnetron sputtering using a single quaternary-CIGS target in stoichiometric proportions. The influences of substrate temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were investigated. The phase structure of CIGS thin films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and thickness of CIGS thin films were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The absorption coefficient of CIGS thin films was measured by Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer. Four-point probe method was used to test the resistivity of CIGS thin films. Based on the results of characterization, the increase in crystallite size of CIGS was found to be significantly noticeable with increasing substrate temperature. UV-vis measurement analysis suggested that CIGS thin films deposited at different substrate temperatures had high absorption coefficient (~104 cm-1) and optical band gap (1.07-1.23 eV). The substrate temperature dependence of the resistivity of the films indicated that the resistivity of the films fall to about 0.5 Ω۰cm as the substrate glass was heated up to 300 °C.

scholarly journals Investigation on Structural and Optical Properties of Willemite Doped Mn2+Based Glass-Ceramics Prepared by Conventional Solid-State Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Farhana Samsudin ◽  
Khamirul Amin Matori ◽  
Josephine Ying Chi Liew ◽  
Yap Wing Fen ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Zno Crystal

Mn-doped willemite (Zn2SiO4:Mn2+) glass-ceramics derived from ZnO-SLS glass system were prepared by a conventional melt-quenching technique followed by a controlled crystallization step employing the heat treatment process. Soda lime silica (SLS) glass waste, ZnO, and MnO were used as sources of silicon, zinc, and manganese, respectively. The obtained glass-ceramic samples were characterized using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UV-Visible (UV-Vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results of XRD revealed that ZnO crystal and willemite (β-Zn2SiO4) were presented as major embedded crystalline phases. This observation was consistent with the result of FESEM which showed the presence of irregularity in shape and size of willemite crystallites. FTIR spectroscopy exhibits the structural evolution of willemite based glass-ceramics. The optical band gap shows a decreasing trend as the Mn-doping content increased. Photoluminescent technique was applied to characterize the role of Mn2+ions when entering the willemite glass-ceramic structure. By measuring the excitation and emission spectra, the main emission peak of the glass-ceramic samples located at a wavelength of 585 nm after subjecting to 260 nm excitations. The following results indicate that the obtained glass-ceramics can be applied as phosphor materials.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Molybdenum Thin Films by Direct-Current Magnetron Sputtering

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Fan Chen ◽  
Shea-Jue Wang ◽  
Win-Der Lee ◽  
Ming-Hong Chen ◽  
Chao-Nan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Hall Effect Measurement ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Low Resistivity ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Deposition Conditions

The back contact electrode with molybdenum (Mo) thin film is crucial to the performance of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells. In this research, Mo thin films were fabricated by direct current sputtering to attain low-resistivity molybdenum films on soda-lime glass substrates with good adhesion. The films were sputtered onto substrates in 500 nm thickness and nominally held at room temperature with deposition conditions of power and working pressure. Low resistivity (17-25 μΩ∙cm) of bi-layer molybdenum thin films were achieved with combination of top layer films deposited at 300 W with different working pressure, and bottom fixing layer film deposited at 300 W with 2.5 mTorr which adhered well on glass. Films were characterized the electrical properties, structure, residual stress, morphology by using the Hall-effect Measurement, X-ray Diffraction, and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, respectively, to optimize the deposition conditions.

Comparative studies on the morphological, structural and optical properties of NiO thin films grown by vacuum and non-vacuum deposition techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shah Jamal ◽  
M.S. chowdhury ◽  
Saraswati Bajgai ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
A. Laref ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soda Lime Glass Substrate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Deposited Films ◽  
Deposition Techniques

Abstract The structural and optical characteristics of Nickel oxide thin films (NiOTF) formed on the soda-lime glass substrate (SLG) under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions are investigated in this work. The difference between RFMS (Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering; vacuum) and SP (spray pyrolysis; non-vacuum) was helpful in the development of NiOTF. Deposited films data for this study were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), and optical spectrophotometer. Structural studies disclosed that NiOTF developed via RFMS technique was more uniform with large crystals and lower surface roughness in contrast to that of developed via SP technique. Transmittance spectrum divulged that the transmittance of spray pyrolyzed NiO films are ~10% less than that of ones produced by RFMS. Urbach energy analysis of NiOTF developed by RFMS and SP affirmed the findings of structural studies.

Characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2/Mo Interface in CIGS Solar Cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nishiwaki ◽  
N. Kohara ◽  
T. Negami ◽  
M. Nishitani ◽  
T. Wada
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells

AbstractThe interface between a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and an underlying Mo layer was studied by X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The CIGS layer was deposited onto Mo coated soda-lime glass using the “3-stage” process. A MoSe2 layer found to form at the CIGS/Mo interface during the 2nd stage of the “3-stage” process. The thickness of the MoSe2 layer depended on the substrate temperature used for CIGS film deposition as well as the Na content of the CIGS and/or Mo layers. For higher substrate temperatures, thicker MoSe2 layers were observed. The Na in the CIGS and/or Mo layer is felt to assist in the formation of MoSe2. Current-Voltage measurements of the heterojunction formed by the CIGS/Mo interface were ohmic even at low temperature. The role of the MoSe2 layer in high efficiency CIGS solar cells is discussed.

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