scholarly journals Study on Low-Temperature Catalytic Dehydrogenation Reaction of Tail Chlorine by Pd/Al2O3

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanhan Wang ◽  
Tingting Lu ◽  
Yuna Li ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Jianwei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Pd Catalysts ◽  
Dehydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Loading Amount ◽  
Oxygen Reaction

The catalytic dehydrogenation reaction of tail chlorine by Pd was studied using a fixed-bed reactor at low temperature from 30 to 100°C. Different catalyst supports such as SiO2 and Al2O3 were applied to prepare Pd catalysts by the incipient-wetness impregnation method. And the catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption. The catalyst Pd loading on both SiO2 and Al2O3 had a catalytic effect on the dehydrogenation reaction, but the carrier Al2O3 was more superior. The hydrogen conversion and selectivity of hydrogen-oxygen reaction increased first and then decreased with Pd loading amount and temperature by using Pd/Al2O3 as catalysts, but the influence of temperature was limited when it was higher than 60°C. The hydrogen conversion was 97.38% and selectivity of hydrogen-oxygen reaction was 79% when the reaction temperature was at 60°C with 1 wt.% Pd/Al2O3.

On efficiency of vanadium-oxide promoter in cobalt Fischer – Tropsch catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Elham Yaghoobpour ◽  
Yahya Zamani ◽  
Saeed Zarrinpashne ◽  
Akbar Zamaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Vanadium Oxide ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Co Conversion ◽  
Loading Amount

Promoters and their loading amount have crucial roles in cobalt Fischer – Tropsch catalysts. In this regard, the effects of vanadium oxide (V2O5) as a proposed promoter for Co catalyst supported on TiO2 have been investigated. Three catalysts with 0, 1, and 3 wt.% of V2O5 promoter loading are prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method, and characterized by the BET surface area analyzer, XRD, H2-TPR, and TEM techniques. The fixed-bed reactor was employed for their evaluations. It was found that the catalyst containing 1 wt.% V2O5 has the best performance among the evaluated catalysts, demonstrating remarkable selectivity: 92 % C5+ and 5.7 % CH4, together with preserving the amount of CO conversion compared to the unpromoted catalyst. Furthermore, it is reported that the excess addition of V2O5 promoter (> 1 wt.%) in the introduced catalyst leads to the detrimental effect on the CO conversion and C5+ selectivity, mainly owing to diminished active sites by V2O5 loading.

scholarly journals Tungsten Oxide-Modified SSZ-13 Zeolite as an Efficient Catalyst for Ethylene-To-Propylene Reaction

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Mansurbek Urol ugli Abdullaev ◽  
Sungjune Lee ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Chul-Ung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Propylene Selectivity ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Among the zeolitic catalysts for the ethylene-to-propylene (ETP) reaction, the SSZ-13 zeolite shows the highest catalytic activity based on both its suitable pore architecture and tunable acidity. In this study, in order to improve the propylene selectivity further, the surface of the SSZ-13 zeolite was modified with various amounts of tungsten oxide ranging from 1 wt% to 15 wt% via a simple incipient wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalysts were characterized with several analysis techniques, specifically, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and N2 sorption, and their catalytic activities were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor system. The tungsten oxide-modified SSZ-13 catalysts demonstrated significantly improved propylene selectivity and yield compared to the parent H-SSZ-13 catalyst. For the tungsten oxide loading, 10 wt% loading showed the highest propylene yield of 64.9 wt%, which was 6.5 wt% higher than the pristine H-SSZ-13 catalyst. This can be related to not only the milder and decreased strong acid sites but also the diffusion restriction of bulky byproducts, as supported by scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) observation.

Effects of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals on NOx Reduction in Coke Combustion

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Guang Chen ◽  
Hong Jing Han ◽  
Jia Lu ◽  
Dan Dan Li ◽  
Jin Lian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Loading Amount

A series of coke samples with loading alkali and alkaline earth metals were prepared by the impregnation method, the NOx emission were investigated in a silica fixed bed reactor in the combustion process of raw coke and coke modified by Na, K, Ca and Mg. The results show that Na, K, Ca and Mg play in-situ catalytic effects on the NOx reduction reactions. When the loading amount of Na2CO3 is 2.0%, the NOx reduction ratio was around 17.4%, when the loading of K2CO3 is 2.0%, the amount of NOx emission is reduced by 26.5%. When the loading of CaCl2 is 2.0%, the amount of NOx emission is reduced by 22.3%. When the loading of MgCl2 is 2.0%, the NOx reduction ratio is about 10.9%.

What is the Effect of Promoter Loading on Alkalized Bimetallic Co-Mo Catalyst for Higher Alcohols Synthesis from Syngas?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
R. G. Moqadam ◽  
A. Tavasoli ◽  
M. Salimi
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Higher Alcohol Synthesis ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Synthesis ◽  
Higher Alcohols Synthesis ◽  
Methanol Formation

Manganese and nickel co-modified K/Co/MoS2 catalysts supported on graphene were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method for application in higher alcohol synthesis (HAS). All catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorptiondesorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of promoters, as well as supports on higher alcohol synthesis production from syngas, was investigated in a fixed bed reactor. The process was performed with an molar ratio H2 : CO = 1 : 1, operating pressure and temperature of 4 MPa and 330 °C, respectively, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) 3.84 m3 (STP)/(kgcat.·h) as reaction conditions (STP – standard temperature and pressure). Results originated from practical works showed that the addition of Ni to the graphene-based catalyst increased HAS production and decreased methanol formation. The total alcohols space-time yield (STY) and alcohol selectivity on Ni/Mn/Co/Mo/K/graphene catalyst reached a maximum at 0.41 galc./(gcat.·h) and 63.51 %, respectively, which is higher than the same composition over alumina supported catalyst.

Experimental Research on Catalysts of V2O5/AC and V2O5/CNTs for Low Temperature SCR Denitrification

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Meng Si ◽  
Jing Hong Lian ◽  
Lian Sheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
No Conversion ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Scr

Two catalysts (V2O5/AC and V2O5/CNTs) with different loadings, prepared by impregnation method, were used to research the DeNOx activity under N2and CO2atmospheres respecitively at the temperature range from 100°C to 300°C using a fixed bed reactor. Effects of temperature, loading and support on the DeNOx activity were studied. The results show that the NO conversion of the both catalysts increases with the reaction temperature. The loading and support have significant effects on the activities. 9%V2O5/AC and 9%V2O5/CNTs yielded 80% and 66.6% NO conversion at 250°C respectively under N2atmosphere, however, they yielded 78.1% and 75.1% respectively under CO2atmosphere.

scholarly journals Ca-Modified Co/SBA-15 Catalysts for Hydrogen Production through Ethanol Steam Reforming

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Bin Wang ◽  
Siao Wun Liu ◽  
Kuan Fu Ho ◽  
Hsin Hua Huang ◽  
Chih Wei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coke Deposition ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Ethanol ◽  
Incipient Wetness

Hydrogen production through steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) over the Ca-modified Co/SBA-15 catalysts was studied herein to evaluate the catalytic activity, stability and the behavior of coke deposition. The Ca-modified SBA-15 supports were prepared from the Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (10 wt%) which was incorporated to SBA-15 by incipient wetness impregnation (assigned as Ca/SBA-15) and direct hydrothermal (assigned as Ca-SBA-15) method. The active cobalt species from the Co(NO3)2·6H2O (10 wt%) was loaded to SiO2, SBA-15 and modified-SBA-15 supports with incipient wetness impregnation method to obtain the cobalt catalysts (named as Co/SiO2, Co/SBA-15, Co-Ca/SBA-15 and Co/Ca-SBA-15, respectively). The prepared catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET. The catalytic performance of the SRE reaction was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor. The results indicated that the Co/Ca-SBA-15 catalyst was preferential among these catalysts and the ethanol can be converted completely at 375 °C. The hydrogen yield (YH2) approached 4.76 at 500 °C and less coke deposited. Further, the long-term stability test of this catalyst approached 100 h at 500 °C and did not deactivate.

CFD Modelling of the Dehydrogenation Reaction of Isobutane to Isobutylene in a Fixed Bed Reactor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek J. Jamaleddine ◽  
Ramsey M. Bunama
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Dehydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Oxide Support ◽  
Reaction Models

The catalytic dehydrogenation reaction of isobutane to isobutylene is simulated in a commercial-scale heterogenous fixed bed reactor (FBR). The porous medium method in ANSYS Fluent combined with the reaction model capability was utilized to predict the flow behavior and species transport in a bed of spherical particles. Physical and material properties of a dehydrogenating catalyst of Chromium Oxide (Cr2O3) on Aluminum Oxide Support (Al2O3) were employed in the model. Several reaction models were implemented using a customized User-defined Function (UDF) subroutine. Simulation results were validated against literature data for a similar process. Good agreement was observed for the conversion of alkanes to alkenes within acceptable accuracy. It is concluded that the power-law model showed the least fit for the feed conversion and product selectivity compared to the other studied reaction models.

scholarly journals Catalytic Conversion of Residual Palm Oil in Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) By HZSM-5 Zeolite based-Catalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Lukman Musa ◽  
Ramli Mat ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Bleaching Earth ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Liquid Biofuel

Bleaching earth is used to remove colour, phospholipids, oxidized products, metals and residual gums in the palm oil process refinery. Once adsorption process end, the spent bleaching earth (SBE) which contains approximately 20-40 wt. % of the adsorbed oil was usually disposed to landfills. The oil content in SBE was recovered by catalytic cracking using transition metal (Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni) doped HZSM-5 zeolite in a batch reactor (pyrolysis zone) and fixed bed reactor (catalyst bed). The 5 wt. % of each metallic was introduced in HZSM-5 zeolite using incipient wetness impregnation method. The main objective of this study was to investigate the performance of modified HZSM-5 zeolite for cracking of residual oil in SBE. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized    using XRD, FTIR, Nitrogen adsorption, and TPD-NH3.  Liquid biofuel obtained from cracking was analyzed by GC-MS. The incorporation of metallic loaded on HZSM-5 zeolite has reduced the surface area of the catalyst that gives a significant impact to the catalytic behavior. The Ni/HZSM-5 zeolite exhibited the highest yields of alkenes as compared to others but slightly decreases the yield of alkanes whereas in contrast with the Cr/HZSM-5, the obtained alkanes were found higher than that of alkenes. In addition, the Cr/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 favored the conversion of polycyclic aromatics to mono-aromatics, whereas parent HZSM-5 catalyst favored the formation of poly-aromatics. These results indicated that the metal loaded on HZSM-5 can promote the cracking of heavy fractions to lighter hydrocarbon thus can be used for cracking oil in SBE. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 10th December 2017; Revised: 31st May 2018; Accepted: 10th June 2018How to Cite: Musa, M.L., Mat, R., Abdullah, T.A.T. (2018). Catalytic Conversion of Residual Palm Oil in Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) By HZSM-5 Zeolite based-Catalysts. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (3): 456-465 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.3.1929.456-465)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.3.1929.456-465 

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on Catalytic Pyrolysis of HDPE Over Ni/Ce/Al2O3

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
V. Balasundram ◽  
N. Ibrahim ◽  
R. Isha
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

The main objective of the current work is to investigate the influence of reaction temperature on catalytic pyrolysis of High-Density Polyurethane (HDPE) over Ni/Ce/Al2O3 into enriched hydrocarbons of pyrolytic oil and gas The experiments were performed at four different pyrolysis reaction temperatures (500, 600, 700, and 800 °C) via in-situ fixed bed reactor. The Al2O3 (75 wt.%) was used as a support, while nickel (20 wt.%) and cerium (5 wt.%) were impregnated as promoters via incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalyst to plastic mass ratio was kept constant at 1:1 for all investigated samples. The results revealed that the Ni/Ce/Al2O3 catalyst has synergistic effects on the catalytic pyrolysis of HDPE into a high yield of hydrocarbon compounds (C5 – C20) in pyrolytic oil and hydrogen gas composition in pyrolytic gas. The highest yield of pyrolytic oil was achieved at 700 °C (53.23 %), while the highest yield of pyrolytic gas was achieved at 800 °C (67.85 %). The small molecular hydrocarbons in pyrolytic oil (C5 - C9) decreases with increasing temperature from 500 to 800 °C. The highest hydrogen gas yield of 77.59 %. was achieved at 700 °C. Thus, this research has economic feasibility in producing alternative valuable energy from the plastic waste stream.

Catalyzed Decomposition of Methane into COx-free Hydrogen and Filamentous Carbons over NiO-CuO/SiO2: Effect of NiO-CuO Loadings

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siang-Piao Chai ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Carbonaceous Deposits ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Free Hydrogen ◽  
Decomposition Of Methane ◽  
Loading Amount

Methane decomposition in the presence of NiO-CuO/SiO2 catalyst into COx-free hydrogen and filamentous carbons was investigated. The reaction was performed in a vertical fixed-bed reactor at 700°C. The catalyst was prepared via conventional impregnation method. The amounts of NiO-CuO loaded on SiO2 were varied from 10 to 90 wt%. Examination of the effect of NiO-CuO loading disclosed that 80 wt% loading gave the highest yields of hydrogen and carbon, being 2344 mol H2/mol NiO+CuO and 18600% respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the texture of the spent catalyst. It was demonstrated that the carbonaceous deposits on the catalyst were made up of filamentous carbons. Depending on the loading amount, the structural properties of the filamentous carbons changed.

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