scholarly journals Detection of Urinary Tract Pathology in SomeSchistosoma haematobiumInfected Nigerian Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Onile ◽  
H. O. Awobode ◽  
V. S. Oladele ◽  
A. M. Agunloye ◽  
C. I. Anumudu
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Bladder Wall Thickness ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Bladder Abnormalities ◽  
Bladder Pathology ◽  
The Mean

Screening forSchistosoma haematobiuminfection and its possible morbidity was carried out in 257 adult participants in Eggua community, Ogun State, Nigeria. Parasitological assessment for the presence of ova ofS. haematobiumin urine and abdominopelvic ultrasonographic examination for bladder and secondary kidney pathology were carried out.S. haematobiumprevalence of 25.68% (66/257) was recorded among the participants. There was a significantly higher prevalence of 69.2% of urinary schistosomiasis in the females than the prevalence of 31.8% in males (P=0.902). The intensity of infections was mostly light (55) (21.8%) compared to heavy (10) (3.9%) with the mean intensity of 16.7 eggs/10 mL urine. Structural bladder pathology prevalence among participants was 33.9%. The bladder and kidney pathologies observed by ultrasound in subjects withS. haematobiuminfections included abnormal bladder wall thickness (59%), abnormal bladder shape (15.2%), bladder wall irregularities (15.2%), bladder masses (1.5%), bladder calcification (1.5%), and hydronephrosis (3%). Infection withS. haematobiumwas associated with bladder pathology. Higher frequencies of bladder abnormalities were observed more in the participants with light intensity ofS. haematobiuminfection than in those with heavy infection. More bladder pathology was also seen in women than in men, although this was not statistically significant. In conclusion, there is evidence that the development of bladder pathology may be associated withS. haematobiuminfection.

scholarly journals IL4, IL13, GSTM1 and T1 variants and susceptibility to Schistosomiasis and associated bladder pathologies in Eggua, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
O.S. Onile ◽  
H.O. Awobode ◽  
A.M. Agunloye ◽  
C. Marquez-Duenas ◽  
Cela R.G. Manning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Gst Polymorphisms ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Bladder Pathology

Failure of the human host to elicit adequate immune responses to the adult Schistosoma haematobium worm and continuous strong inflammatory responses to the eggs have been the main causes of bladder pathology in chronic Schistosomiasis. Identification of susceptibility biomarkers for schistosomiasis- associated bladder pathology is necessary in order to detect genetic factors responsible for the infection and spread of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify candidate-biomarkers for susceptibility to schistosomiasis and its associated pathologies. A total of 371 adult participants, comprising 130 males and 241 females from Eggua community, Ogun State, Nigeria, were randomly recruited into a cross sectional study from August 2012 to May 2014. They were screened for S. haematobium ova and bladder pathologies by microscopy and ultrasonography, respectively. Human host susceptibility to schistosomiasis and its associated bladder pathologies were determined by PCR genotyping of Interleukin (IL4 and IL13) genes, and glutathione-S-transferase (GSTT1 and GSTM1) genes. The overall prevalence of S. haematobium in the population was 29.3% (108/369). Bladder pathologies were observed in 32.3% (117/362) of the population. Polymorphisms in IL 4-590 and IL 13-1055 were observed in 24.1% and 9.3% schistosomiasis cases, respectively. The IL 13-1055 polymorphism did not indicate susceptibility to schistosomiasis in males (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.3-2.1) but a slight risk was found in females (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7-1.7). Participants with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms expressed elevated risks of bladder pathologies (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 2.0 - 9.2 and OR = 4.2, 95% CI 1.5 – 12.0, respectively), with the pathology and schistosomiasis group having more GST polymorphisms than bladder pathologies. Keywords: Polymorphisms, Cytokines, GST, schistosomiasis and pathologies

scholarly journals Urinary Schistosomiasis in an Elderly Patient: The Ultrasonographic Findings and Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Sule MB
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Pelvic Ultrasonography ◽  
Loin Pain ◽  
Mucosal Thickening

Urinary schistosomiasis (US) causes chronic ill health and caused by the blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium. This disease is endemic in Africa and eastern Mediterranean countries, and has a predilection for the male gender. This is a 64-year-old farmer (swampy farming and fishing) for more than forty years, that was referred from a peripheral health care centre for abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography on account of abdominal pain and discomfort, bilateral loin pain, dysuria, and terminal hematuria for close to a year duration of onset. The ultrasonography demonstrated bladder wall thickening, mucosal thickening and polypoid proliferation in to the bladder lumen, irregular echogenic crust in the bladder base, suspended mobile echoes in urine most likely from hematoma and/or cystitis, there is associated mild-moderate biliterate dilatation of the pelvi-calyceal systems and ureters(hydroureteronephrosis). The remaining abdominal and pelvic organs appeared normal. Urinary parasitology demonstrated the ova of Schistosoma haematobium confirming the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. We report the ultrasonographic features of urinary schistosomiasis because of its peculiar presentation and to emphasize importance of ultrasound in its assessment.

Co-infection of schistosomiasis, malaria, HBV and HIV among adults living in Eggua Community, Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
P. Olayinka ◽  
P. Ajide ◽  
H.O. Awobode ◽  
A.J. Osundiran ◽  
O.S. Onile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Conventional Microscopy ◽  
The Tropics

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the blood fluke that continues to plague many developing countries in the tropics. The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of schistosomiasis, malaria, HBV and HIV co-infection among adults in some villages of Eggua Community, Nigeria (Tata, Imoto, Orile and Ebute Igbooro). In cross-sectional surveys, 240 participants were recruited from Orile and Ebute Igbooro and 207 from Tata and Imoto. Urine samples were collected and tested for urinary schistosomiasis by conventional microscopy; blood samples were tested for HBV, HIV and malaria using standard RDTs and microscopy respectively. Prevalence and co-infection of the diseases was analyzed by chi-squared (x2) test. The prevalence of schistosomiasis and malaria was 21.3% and 11.1% in Tata and Imoto respectively; and 14.5% and 19.1% in Orile and Ebute Igbooro, respectively. The overall prevalence of co-infection of urinary schistosomiasis with malaria was 2.5% and 0.4% each with HIV and HBV in the study areas. Schistosoma haematobium and Plasmodium falciparum are prevalent in the study-area, and an integrated control approach directed against the two parasites should be carried out. Keywords: Schistosomiasis; malaria; co-infection; HBV and HIV.

scholarly journals Sonographic Reference Values for Bladder Wall Thickness, Detrusor Wall Thickness, and Bladder Weight in Apparently Healthy Adults in a Nigerian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Anthony Chukwuka Ugwu ◽  
Beatrice Ukamaka Maduka ◽  
Emeka Chukwumuanya Umeh ◽  
Julius Amechi Agbo ◽  
Bestman Izuchukwu Oriaku
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Bladder Wall Thickness ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Bladder Weight ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Detrusor Wall Thickness ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The aim was to establish reference values of bladder wall thickness (BWT), detrusor wall thickness (DWT), and bladder weight (BW) in apparently healthy adults in a Nigerian population. Therefore, a cross-sectional study of healthy adult participants was conducted from May 2015 to April 2016. The urinary bladder was sonographically evaluated on a convenient sample of 384 adult participants. The BWT, DWT, and BW of the participants were measured and documented. The BW was estimated based on the surface area, thickness, and bladder muscle specific gravity. The mean BWT, DWT, and BW were 2.8 ± 0.3 mm, 1.3 ± 0.1 mm, and 23.3 ± 4.1 g, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between anthropometric variables with BWT, DWT, and BW except age, which had a weak positive correlation with BWT ( P = .05). This data set could be used for future research, in other parts of the country, for a possible nationwide nomogram.

scholarly journals Urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria: a 50 year review of prevalence, distribution and disease burden

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Ogbonna Ezeh ◽  
Kenechukwu Chibuike Onyekwelu ◽  
Olaoluwa Phebian Akinwale ◽  
Lv Shan ◽  
Hu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Biomphalaria Pfeifferi ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Bulinus Globosus

We reviewed survey data deposited in the Global Neglected Tropical Diseases database and many other articles on the prevalence and distribution of Schistosoma haematobium in Nigeria. Schistosoma haematobium surveys conducted over the period of 50 years under review using different diagnostic tools revealed that Ogun State has the highest prevalence, followed by Ekiti state, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in Adamawa. No incidence of Schistosoma haematobium was recorded for states such as Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Nasarawa, Jigawa and Gombe. In terms of endemicity, this review has shown that Nigeria is divided into four zones: hyperendemic, moderately endemic, low endemic, and no endemic zones. A survey of 47 (15%) of the 323 dams in Nigeria revealed that 45 out of the 47 dams are located in the hyperendemic zone, while the remaining two are located in the moderately endemic zone. Twenty (43%) of the total surveyed dams harboured Bulinus globosus and/or Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the local intermediate hosts of schistosomes, and 18 of these are located in the hyperendemic zone, while the other two are in the moderately endemic zone. We conclude that there is an urgent need to carry out a nationwide survey to help in planning, coordinating, and evaluating schistosomiasis control activities.

scholarly journals Integrated community-based intervention for urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children from Caxito, Angola

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Manuel Lemos ◽  
Cláudia Fançony ◽  
Sofia Moura ◽  
Clara Mirante ◽  
Pinto de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Egg Reduction Rate ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections are major public health problems. We aimed to study the 6-mo impact of mass drug administration with praziquantel and albendazole on urinary schistosomiasis and STH. Methods We examined children (aged 2–15 y) from one hamlet, who provided urine and faeces samples at baseline (n=197), 1 mo (n=102) and 6 mo (n=92); 67 completed the protocol. Results At baseline, 47/67 (70.1%) children presented Schistosoma haematobium (75.8% in the baseline total sample) and 12/67 (17.9%) with STH (30.5% in the initial sample, p=0.010). Among the children, 47.3% had heavy Schistosoma haematobium infection. The most frequent STH was Trichuris trichiura in 9.0%. We also found Hymenolepis nana (13.2%) and Plasmodium falciparum (9.1%) infections and anaemia (82.1%). One mo after chemotherapy there was a significant (p=0.013) reduction of Schistosoma haematobium prevalence (23.5%) and a high egg reduction rate (86.9%). Considering the sample of 67 children, the mean egg concentration was 498 at baseline, 65 at 1 mo and 252 at 6 mo (p<0.05). We also observed a reduction in STH infections, 50% in Ascaris lumbricoides, 33.3% in T. trichiura and 50% in hookworms. At 6 mo, the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium (76.1%) was similar to the baseline and the STH reduction was not significant. Conclusions Longitudinal studies have reported many losses in these settings, but we were able to show that mass drug administration for control of schistosomiasis and STH present low effectiveness, that reinfections occur rapidly and that stand alone anthelmintic therapy is not a sustainable choice.

THE DIAGNOSIS OF BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION IN MEN BY ULTRASOUND MEASUREMENT OF BLADDER WALL THICKNESS

1998 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLO MANIERI ◽  
SIMON ST. C. CARTER ◽  
GIANFRANCO ROMANO ◽  
ALBERTO TRUCCHI ◽  
MARCO VALENTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Bladder Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Bladder Wall Thickness
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