scholarly journals Influence of Reaction Solvent on Crystallinity and Magnetic Properties of MnFe2O4Nanoparticles Synthesized by Thermal Decomposition

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Song ◽  
Changzhi Yan ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Haoan Wu ◽  
Zhengyang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Benzyl Ether ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Octyl Ether

This study reports the synthesis of three kinds of manganese-doped magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4) in benzyl ether, octyl ether, and 1-octadecene by a simple and low cost thermal decomposition method. It was found that benzyl ether results in a dramatic improvement in nanoparticle crystallinity owing to its stronger reducibility compared to octyl ether and 1-octadecene, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and TEM measurements. Raman spectroscopy detection also indicated that the reducing solvent of benzyl ether was in favor of forming magnetite-like structure ferrite, while maghemite-like structured ferrite was obtained in octyl ether and 1-octadecene. The saturation magnetization (MS) of MnFe2O4synthesized in benzyl ether was 85 emu/g [Fe], which was 3 and 5 times larger than MnFe2O4synthesized in octyl ether and 1-octadecene, respectively. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in benzyl ether was 574 W/g, while MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in octyl ether and 1-octadecene have had much smaller SAR of 76 and 33 W/g, respectively. MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in benzyl ether also exhibit higher relaxivity (r2=207 mM−1 s−1) than those synthesized in octyl ether and 1-octadecene (r2=65and 22 mM−1 s−1). It was obvious that MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in reducing benzyl ether have higher crystallinity and thus higherMS, SAR, andr2values, which can serve as a better candidate for hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging.

scholarly journals Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Fish Scales and Its Integration with Rice Husk for Ammonia Removal in Aquaculture Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Sofiah Hamzah ◽  
Norhafiza Ilyana Yatim ◽  
Maslinda Alias ◽  
Asmadi Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Coating Agent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater

Aquaculture plays an important role in providing food and generate high income in many developing countries but the abundance of ammonia discharged from aquaculture wastewater gives the problem to the environment. This study focused on the extraction of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from fish scales and its modification with rice husk to produce bio-adsorbent for ammonia removal from aquaculture wastewater. The comparison has been made for the HAp preparation via microwave irradiation, alkaline heat treatment, and thermal decomposition method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the surface chemistry and crystallinity of HAp, respectively. While the morphology of the HAp was observed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hydroxyapatite extracted via thermal decomposition method shows the best performance about 79% of ammonia removal at 210 min contact time which selected for coating agent of rice husk (RH/HAp) and was successfully removed 84% at 60 min saturation time. The result shows thermal decomposition is the best technique to extract HAp from fish scales and its integration with rice husk exhibited a better performance of bio-adsorbent. The findings of this study provide useful fundamental knowledge and platform for the development and improvement of aquaculture wastewater treatment system in the future.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides based hybrid nanostructures by thermal decomposition method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012095
Author(s):  
Melbin Baby ◽  
K. Rajeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructures ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides

Abstract In this work, we report synthesis of hybrid nanostructures of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides via thermal decomposition method. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate was used as not only growth templates but also as starting precursor for synthesis of hybrid nanostructures. The conditions for the synthesizing method were optimized using electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. In this hybrid nanostructure synthesis, it was found that MoO3 nanorods are interspersed on exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets. The structural and optical properties of the hybrid nanostructure were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS). The hybrid nanostructure of MoO3 on MoS2 shows a band gap of 2.2 eV. It was also found that by tuning the preparation parameters viz temperature of heating and time of heating, the composition of the hybrid nanostructure can be varied.

Phase Transition and Microstructure Development of BaTiO3 by Thermal Development of BaTiO3 by Thermal Decomposition Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Sudarath Suntaropas ◽  
Panakamon Thonglor ◽  
Naphat Albutt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Microstructure Development ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Thermal Development ◽  
Major Factors

The thermal decomposition was used to prepare BaTiO3 powders. Using BaCO3 and TiO2 powders as precursors and heat treatment in the temperature range of 600-1000 °C for 6 hr. The final product (BaTiO3) proceeds through a trace amount of Ba2TiO4. The phase transformation was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a function of sintering temperature. The results show that the microstructures of BaTiO3 were developed during sintering at different temperature. In additional, the particle growth of BaCO3 and TiO2 are the major factors to affect of the particle growth mechanism.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Ln-Aminophthalate Photoluminescent Coordination Polymers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Carla Queirós ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
Ana M. G. Silva ◽  
Baltazar de Castro ◽  
Juan Cabanillas-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The development of straightforward reproducible methods for the preparation of new photoluminescent coordination polymers (CPs) is an important goal in luminescence and chemical sensing fields. Isophthalic acid derivatives have been reported for a wide range of applications, and in addition to their relatively low cost, have encouraged its use in the preparation of novel lanthanide-based coordination polymers (LnCPs). Considering that the photoluminescent properties of these CPs are highly dependent on the existence of water molecules in the crystal structure, our research efforts are now focused on the preparation of CP with the lowest water content possible, while considering a green chemistry approach. One- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) LnCPs were prepared from 5-aminoisophthalic acid and Sm3+/Tb3+ using hydrothermal and/or microwave-assisted synthesis. The unprecedented LnCPs were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCRXD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied in the solid state, at room temperature, using the CPs as powders and encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA) films, envisaging the potential preparation of devices for sensing. The materials revealed interesting PL properties that depend on the dimensionality, metal ion, co-ligand used and water content.

A simple and low-cost solution for the automation of X-ray powder diffractometers with chart recorder output

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-629
Author(s):  
M. Jayaprakasan ◽  
V. Kannan ◽  
P. Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strip Chart ◽  
Controlled Systems ◽  
Chart Recorder

X-ray powder diffraction is an established method for the qualitative identification of crystalline materials and their quantitative analysis. The new generation of X-ray diffraction systems are based on expensive digital/embedded control technology and computer interfaces. Yet many laboratories use conventional manual-controlled systems withXYstrip-chart recorders. Since the output spectrum is a strip chart (hard copy), raw data, essential for structural and qualitative analysis, are not readily available for further analysis. Upgrading to modern computerized diffractometers is very expensive. The proposed automation design described here is intended to enable the conventional diffractometer user to collect, store and analyze data quickly. The design also improves the resolution by five times compared with the conventional setup. For the automation, a PC add-on card has been designed to control and collect the timing and intensity counts from the conventional X-ray diffractometer, and suitable software has been developed to collect, process and present the X-ray diffraction data for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Moreover, a major advantage of this design is that it does not warrant any physical modification of the hardware of the conventional setup; it is simply an extension to enhance the performance of collecting raw data with a higher resolution at desired intervals/timings.

Low-cost thermo-chemical process of TiO2 powder purification: Study of iterative gettering effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrine Jaouabi ◽  
Wala Medfai ◽  
Marouan Khalifa ◽  
Rabia Zaghouani ◽  
Hatem Ezzaouia
Keyword(s):  
Porous Layer ◽  
Sacrificial Layer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Tio2 Powder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Layer Effect

The titanium dioxide (TiO2) purity is very important for the TiO2-based applications making essential the impurities density reduction. In this study, we propose an efficient purification process of TiO2 powder in order to reduce impurities. The low-cost proposed approach is based on an iterative gettering (IG) process combining three main steps: (1) a porous TiO2 sacrificial layer formation (p-TiO2), (2) a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of p-TiO2 powder in an infrared oven at 950°C under air permitting the residual impurities diffusion to the porous layer surface and (3) etching in acid solution to remove the porous layer. Effect of the proposed gettering process on purification efficiency was evaluated by different characterization techniques such as the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), the UV–Visible-NIR spectroscopy, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The obtained results showed the efficient removal of metal impurities, such as Cu, Al, P, and Fe confirming the efficiency of the process improving the purity from 89% to 99.96%.

scholarly journals Extraction of γ-Alumina from Low-Cost Kaolin

Resources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Khalil Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammad Moumani ◽  
Salsabeela Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Microcrystalline Powder ◽  
Made In

A combined process is proposed for the utilization of local kaolin to produce alumina particles. The applied process is made in two stages: calcination at 700 °C with sodium chloride and leaching with sulfuric followed by hydrochloric acids. The optimal extraction efficiency can be obtained when the conditions are as follows: leaching temperature is at 140 °C, leaching time is 3 h 45 min and concentration of sulfuric acid is 40 wt.%. The results show that the purity of alumina reaches 79.28%, which is suitable for the production of aluminum metal. It is evident that this method of extraction of alumina from the kaolin ash is practical and feasible. The structural and morphological properties of the calcined microcrystalline powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

scholarly journals A Facile Method to Construct MXene/CuO Nanocomposite with Enhanced Catalytic Activity of CuO on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Zhao ◽  
Jing Lv ◽  
Junshan Sang ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Peng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Calcination Method

In this work, a mixing-calcination method was developed to facilely construct MXene/CuO nanocomposite. CuO and MXene were first dispersed in ethanol with sufficient mixing. After solvent evaporation, the dried mixture was calcinated under argon to produce a MXene/CuO nanocomposite. As characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), CuO nanoparticles (60–100 nm) were uniformly distributed on the surface and edge of MXene nanosheets. Furthermore, as evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), the high-temperature decomposition (HTD) temperature decrease of ammonium perchlorate (AP) upon addition of 1 wt% CuO (hybridized with 1 wt% MXene) was comparable with that of 2 wt% CuO alone, suggesting an enhanced catalytic activity of CuO on thermal decomposition of AP upon hybridization with MXene nanosheets. This strategy could be further applied to construct other MXene/transition metal oxide (MXene/TMO) composites with improved performance for various applications.

scholarly journals Fast X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Tomography for Enhanced Identification of Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Airidas Korolkovas ◽  
Alexander Katsevich ◽  
Michael Frenkel ◽  
William Thompson ◽  
Edward Morton
Keyword(s):  
Graphics Processing Unit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Graphics Processing

X-ray computed tomography (CT) can provide 3D images of density, and possibly the atomic number, for large objects like passenger luggage. This information, while generally very useful, is often insufficient to identify threats like explosives and narcotics, which can have a similar average composition as benign everyday materials such as plastics, glass, light metals, etc. A much more specific material signature can be measured with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Unfortunately, XRD signal is very faint compared to the transmitted one, and also challenging to reconstruct for objects larger than a small laboratory sample. In this article we analyze a novel low-cost scanner design which captures CT and XRD signals simultaneously, and uses the least possible collimation to maximize the flux. To simulate a realistic instrument, we derive a formula for the resolution of any diffraction pathway, taking into account the polychromatic spectrum, and the finite size of the source, detector, and each voxel. We then show how to reconstruct XRD patterns from a large phantom with multiple diffracting objects. Our approach includes a reasonable amount of photon counting noise (Poisson statistics), as well as measurement bias, in particular incoherent Compton scattering. The resolution of our reconstruction is sufficient to provide significantly more information than standard CT, thus increasing the accuracy of threat detection. Our theoretical model is implemented in GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) accelerated software which can be used to assess and further optimize scanner designs for specific applications in security, healthcare, and manufacturing quality control.

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