scholarly journals Estimation of Bioactive Compound, Maslinic Acid by HPTLC, and Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity on Fruit Pulp ofZiziphus jujubaMill. Cultivars in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anagha Rajopadhye ◽  
Anuradha S. Upadhye
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
Slice Culture ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Maslinic Acid ◽  
Indian Jujube

Fruits ofZiziphus jujubaMill. (family: Rhamnaceae), known as Indian jujube or “Ber,” are of potential nutritional and medicinal value. The objectives of the present study were to estimate bioactive compound maslinic acid by HPTLC method and to evaluatein vitroantioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of eight cultivars of Indian jujube. Maslinic acid and the fruit pulp of various cultivars of Indian jujube, namely,Gola,Sannur,Umaran,Mehrun, andChhuhara, exhibited significantly high antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. HPTLC-densitometric method was developed for quantification of maslinic acid from fruits of Indian jujube cultivars. The trend of occurrence of maslinic acid in fruits pulp extracts was as follows:Gola>Sannur>Umaran>Mehrun>Chhuhara> Wild >Kadaka>Apple. A significant correlation was shown by maslinic acid content and prevention of oxidative stress induced by CCl4in liver slice culture cell treated with extract. Maslinic acid along with its other phytoconstituents like phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid may act as a possible therapeutic agent for preventing hepatotoxicity caused by oxidative stress generated due to the prooxidants like CCl4. This is the first report of fruit pulp extracts ofZ. jujubecultivars in India and maslinic acid preventing CCl4induced damage in liver slice culture cell of mice.

The protective effects of carvacrol and thymol against paracetamol–induced toxicity on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2)

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1252-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Palabiyik ◽  
E Karakus ◽  
Z Halici ◽  
E Cadirci ◽  
Y Bayir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose could induce liver damage and lead to acute liver failure. The treatment of APAP overdoses could be improved by new therapeutic strategies. Thymus spp., which has many beneficial effects and has been used in folk medicine, is one such potential strategy. In the present study, the hepatoprotective activity of the main constituents of Thymus spp., carvacrol and thymol, were evaluated in light of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We hoped to understand the hepatoprotective mechanism of these agents on the antioxidant system and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Dose-dependent effects of thymol and carvacrol (25, 50, and 100 µM) were tested on cultured HepG2 cells. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) was tested as positive control. We showed that APAP inhibited HepG2 cell growth by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Incubating APAP-exposed HepG2 cells with carvacrol and thymol for 24 h ameliorated this inflammation and oxidative stress. We also evaluated alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase levels of HepG2 cells. We found that thymol and carvacrol protected against APAP-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells by increasing antioxidant activity and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β. Taking together high-dose thymol and carvacrol treatment has an effect close to NAC treatment in APAP toxicity, but thymol has better treatment effect than carvacrol.

scholarly journals Liver slice culture as a model for lipid metabolism in fish

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7732
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Harvey ◽  
Simen R. Sandve ◽  
Yang Jin ◽  
Jon Olav Vik ◽  
Jacob S. Torgersen
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Slice Culture ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Molecular Features

Hepatic lipid metabolism is traditionally investigated in vitro using hepatocyte monocultures lacking the complex three-dimensional structure and interacting cell types essential liver function. Precision cut liver slice (PCLS) culture represents an alternative in vitro system, which benefits from retention of tissue architecture. Here, we present the first comprehensive evaluation of the PCLS method in fish (Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.) and validate it in the context of lipid metabolism using feeding trials, extensive transcriptomic data, and fatty acid measurements. We observe an initial period of post-slicing global transcriptome adjustment, which plateaued after 3 days in major metabolic pathways and stabilized through 9 days. PCLS fed alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and insulin responded in a liver-like manner, increasing lipid biosynthesis gene expression. We identify interactions between insulin and ALA, where two PUFA biosynthesis genes that were induced by insulin or ALA alone, were highly down-regulated when insulin and ALA were combined. We also find that transcriptomic profiles of liver slices are exceedingly more similar to whole liver than hepatocyte monocultures, both for lipid metabolism and liver marker genes. PCLS culture opens new avenues for high throughput experimentation on the effect of “novel feed composition” and represent a promising new strategy for studying genotype-specific molecular features of metabolism.

Hepatoprotective Triterpenes from Hairy Root Cultures of Ocimum basilicum L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amani M. Marzouk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status

Six triterpene acids identified as betulinic, oleanolic, ursolic, 3-epimaslinic, alphitolic and euscaphic acids have been isolated from a dichloromethane extract of hairy root cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae). These cultures were obtained by genetic transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The extract as well as the isolated compounds were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activity by measuring their effect on the oxidative stress status of liver, induced by carbon tetrachloride, in albino rats and in liver homogenate in vitro. All tested compounds displayed hepatoprotective activity comparable to oleanolic and ursolic acids.

scholarly journals Musa balbisiana Fruit Rich in Polyphenols Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats via Inhibition of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sima Kumari ◽  
Parmeshwar B. Katare ◽  
R. Elancheran ◽  
Hina L. Nizami ◽  
Bugga Paramesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Cardioprotective Effect ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Musa balbisiana Colla (Family: Musaceae), commonly known as banana and native to India and other parts of Asia, is very rich in nutritional value and has strong antioxidant potential. In the present study, we have developed Musa balbisiana (MB) fruit pulp powder and evaluated its cardioprotective effect in cardiac hypertrophy, which is often associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. An ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) has been used for the detection and systematic characterization of the phenolic compounds present in Musa balbisiana fruit pulp. The cardioprotective effect of MB was evaluated in a rat model of isoproterenol- (ISO-) induced cardiac hypertrophy by subcutaneous administration of isoproterenol (5 mg/kg-1/day-1), delivered through an alzet minipump for 14 days. Oral administration of MB fruit pulp powder (200 mg/kg/day) significantly (p<0.001) decreased heart weight/tail length ratio and cardiac hypertrophy markers like ANP, BNP, β-MHC, and collagen-1 gene expression. MB also attenuated ISO-induced cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress. The in vivo data were further confirmed in vitro in H9c2 cells where the antihypertrophic and anti-inflammatory effect of the aqueous extract of MB was observed in the presence of ISO and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. This study strongly suggests that supplementation of dried Musa balbisiana fruit powder can be useful for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy via the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.

In Vitroandin VivoAntioxidant Activity of Alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) on Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxicated Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 779-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Al-Dosari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Protein Sulfhydryl ◽  
Serum Transaminases

The present study was conducted to determine whether lyophilized aqueous extract of alfalfa, or Medicago sativa L. could exert antioxidant activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and liver injury in rats. The hepatoprotective activity of alfalfa extract was determined by assessing the levels of serum transaminases, ALP, bilirubin and lipid profile. Further, the effect of the test substance on malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation; antioxidant liver enzyme non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH); and total protein (TP) were also studied. Serum transaminase, ALP, bilirubin level, lipid profile and liver MDA were significantly elevated and the antioxidant status in liver NP-SH and TP contents were declined in animals treated with CCl4alone. Pretreatment with alfalfa and silymarin for three weeks prior to the administration of CCl4significantly prevented the increase in the serum levels of hepatic marker, LDL, VLDL levels enzymes and reduced oxidative stress indicated by elevated NP-SH and TP concentration. The histopathological examination of the livers also showed that the alfalfa extract reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by CCl4. The in vitro antioxidant assessment of alfalfa extract on DPPH and carotene-linoleic assays demonstrated a moderate antioxidant potential. Results suggest that the alfalfa extract possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidative stress properties possibly through its antioxidant phytochemical constituents and substantiates its use in various liver disorders as a hepatoprotector.

scholarly journals Oligonol Ameliorates CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Rats via the NF-Kappa B and MAPK Signaling Pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeonghyeon Bak ◽  
Nam Kyung Je ◽  
Hae Young Chung ◽  
Takako Yokozawa ◽  
Sik Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Oxidative stress is thought to be a key risk factor in the development of hepatic diseases. Blocking or retarding the reactions of oxidation and the inflammatory process by antioxidants could be a promising therapeutic intervention for prevention or treatment of liver injuries. Oligonol is a low molecular weight polyphenol containing catechin-type monomers and oligomers derived from lychee fruit. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of oligonol on carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced acute hepatic injury in rats. Oral administration of oligonol (10 or 50 mg/kg) reduced CCl4-induced abnormalities in liver histology and serum AST and serum ALT levels. Oligonol treatment attenuated the CCl4-induced production of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels. Western blot analysis showed that oligonol suppressed proinflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as Akt. Oligonol exhibited strong antioxidative activityin vitroandin vivo, and hepatoprotective activity againstt-butyl hydroperoxide-induced HepG2 cells. Taken together, oligonol showed antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in CCl4-intoxicated rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and NF-κB activation via blockade of the activation of upstream kinases including MAPKs and Akt.

1291 Development of a novel in vitro model of liver fibrosis using organotypic liver slice culture

Hepatology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 780-781
Author(s):  
J DAVIES ◽  
C VERRILL ◽  
H MILLWARDSADLER ◽  
L SUNDSTROM ◽  
N SHERON
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Slice Culture ◽  
Vitro Model

Liver slice culture for assessing hepatotoxicity of freshwater cyanobacteria

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bhattacharya ◽  
PV Lakshmana Rao ◽  
Asb Bhaskar ◽  
SC Pant ◽  
SN Dube
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Slice Culture ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Toxic Cyanobacteria ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Biochemical Indices

1 A modified mouse liver slice culture technique was established and the viability of the system was assessed on the basis of leakage of cytosolic enzymes viz. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ala nine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic aminotransferase (AST) and slice histology. 2 This system was employed for toxicity screening of five algal species of Indian origin on the basis of the EC50 for LDH leakage (dose of cyanobacteria resulting in leakage of 50% of enzyme) of a known toxic cyano bacterial strain Microcystis aeruginosa (PCC 7820). On the basis of both in vitro and in vivo toxicity none of the five species screened exhibited toxicity. 3 The toxicity of PCC 7820 was compared with a purified cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, Microcystin-LR. Various biochemical indices and histological changes confirm the hepatotoxic nature of the toxins. 4 The toxins did not induce glutathione-mediated lipid peroxidation but they did cause significant mitochondrial damage based on an MTT assay. 5 The study illustrates the utility of this in vitro system in identifying naturally occurring toxic cyanobacteria, particularly hepatotoxic species.

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