scholarly journals Shield Optimization and Formulation of Regression Equations for Split-Ring Resonator

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Ejaz ◽  
Hamood Ur Rahman ◽  
T. Tauqeer ◽  
Adnan Masood ◽  
Tahir Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
5 Ghz

Microwave resonators are widely used for numerous applications including communication, biomedical and chemical applications, material testing, and food grading. Split-ring resonators in both planar and nonplanar forms are a simple structure which has been in use for several decades. This type of resonator is characterized with low cost, ease of fabrication, moderate quality factor, low external noise interference, high stability, and so forth. Due to these attractive features and ease in handling, nonplanar form of structure has been utilized for material characterization in 1–5 GHz range. Resonant frequency and quality factor are two important parameters for determination of material properties utilizing perturbation theory. Shield made of conducting material is utilized to enclose split-ring resonator which enhances quality factor. This work presents a novel technique to develop shield around a predesigned nonplanar split-ring resonator to yield optimized quality factor. Based on this technique and statistical analysis regression equations have also been formulated for resonant frequency and quality factor which is a major outcome of this work. These equations quantify dependence of output parameters on various factors of shield made of different materials. Such analysis is instrumental in development of devices/designs where improved/optimum result is required.

scholarly journals Metaheuristic Regression Equations for Split-Ring Resonator Using Time-Varying Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mughal ◽  
Tahir Ejaz ◽  
Arshad ◽  
Ashiq Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Swarm Optimization

This article presents a new technique for determining accurate values of resonant frequency and quality factor pertaining to the split-ring resonator. Different conducting shield materials have been used around a copper split-ring. The split-ring has been designed to operate at about 2.1 GHz. Various equations were worked out earlier to determine the values of resonant frequency and quality factor. However, these equations yielded different solutions. Therefore, simulations were used to obtain the values of the resonant frequency and quality factor of the split-ring resonator with different five-shield materials, using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. In this work, a novel method has been introduced for obtaining values of resonant frequency which provides results with negligible error. An optimal technique, namely time-varying particle swarm optimization (TVPSO), was then performed to obtain two sets of equations for resonant frequency and quality factor. The two sets of equations, optimized using TVPSO, were compared for their effectiveness in matching the actual frequency and quality factor for each of the five materials. It was found that the TVPSO was significant in achieving the frequency and quality factor regression equation to accurately resemble the actual values portrayed by the low mean absolute error.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Multiple Complementary Split-Ring Resonator Based Microwave Sensor for Contactless Dielectric Characterization of Liquids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Javed ◽  
Ali Arif ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Mehmood ◽  
Kashif Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Dielectric Characterization ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Microwave Sensor

<p>We propose a low-cost, easy-to-fabricate, contactless microwave sensor for dielectric characterization of liquids. The design of the proposed sensor is based on a multiple complementary split-ring resonator (MCSRR) fabricated on a low-cost FR-4 substrate. A glass capillary tube having an inner diameter of 0.008λ<sub>0</sub> is inserted in the high electric field region of the MCSRR to carry the liquid under test. The sensor is designed to operate at a resonant frequency of 2.45GHz for an empty tube and shifted resonant peaks are utilized for the dielectric characterization of different liquids. The maximum observed shifts in resonant frequency and Q factor are up to 400MHz and 31, respectively. The numerically established relations are experimentally verified through fabricated sensor for various binary mixtures of water and ethanol. The percentage errors between the calculated and reference permittivity of different samples are noticed to be less than 5%. The proposed device promises to be a cost-effective and convenient solution for accurate dielectric characterization of liquids and their binary aqueous solutions.<b></b></p>

Compact antenna based on split ring resonator as high Q-factor antenna for liquid permittivity measurements

Frequenz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Poorgholam-Khanjari ◽  
Ahmad Hatami ◽  
Ferdows B. Zarrabi
Keyword(s):  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Compact Antenna ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
Permittivity Measurements

Abstract Microwave sensing is important to measure the permittivity of the materials or detecting a material. In this current work, a compact antenna for WLAN application with circular polarization is designed. We are supposed to use it as a sensor to determine the permittivity of industrial oil. For calibration of the sensor, the gasoline and petrol are utilized based on Debye theory and also butanol is checked. This antenna is designed based on Microstrip slot antenna with bent feed line and special split-ring resonator (SRR) as a metamaterial (MTM) element for 4 GHz, it is shown that metamaterial can be considered for improving the Q-factor and matching where the return loss is reduced from −16.5 to −33.5 dB and the Q-factor is increased from 2.39 to 32.9. It covers 4–5 GHz with the bidirectional pattern with gain of 4 dBi which makes it useful for putting inside of liquids. The total dimensions of this resonator are 20 × 20 × 1.6 mm and the FR-4 low-cost substrate is used and the experimental results are confirmed the simulations results by HFSS commercial full-wave software. In fact, this method can be used for fast detecting oil condition and longevity by checking the resonances’ shift and permittivity.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Multiple Complementary Split-Ring Resonator Based Microwave Sensor for Contactless Dielectric Characterization of Liquids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Javed ◽  
Ali Arif ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Mehmood ◽  
Kashif Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Dielectric Characterization ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Microwave Sensor

<p>We propose a low-cost, easy-to-fabricate, contactless microwave sensor for dielectric characterization of liquids. The design of the proposed sensor is based on a multiple complementary split-ring resonator (MCSRR) fabricated on a low-cost FR-4 substrate. A glass capillary tube having an inner diameter of 0.008λ<sub>0</sub> is inserted in the high electric field region of the MCSRR to carry the liquid under test. The sensor is designed to operate at a resonant frequency of 2.45GHz for an empty tube and shifted resonant peaks are utilized for the dielectric characterization of different liquids. The maximum observed shifts in resonant frequency and Q factor are up to 400MHz and 31, respectively. The numerically established relations are experimentally verified through fabricated sensor for various binary mixtures of water and ethanol. The percentage errors between the calculated and reference permittivity of different samples are noticed to be less than 5%. The proposed device promises to be a cost-effective and convenient solution for accurate dielectric characterization of liquids and their binary aqueous solutions.<b></b></p>

scholarly journals Complex Permittivity Characterization of Liquid Samples Based on a Split Ring Resonator (SRR)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3385
Author(s):  
Jialu Ma ◽  
Jingchao Tang ◽  
Kaicheng Wang ◽  
Lianghao Guo ◽  
Yubin Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Complex Permittivity ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Debye Model ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Microwave Sensor

A complex permittivity characterization method for liquid samples has been proposed. The measurement is carried out based on a self-designed microwave sensor with a split ring resonator (SRR), the unload resonant frequency of which is 5.05 GHz. The liquid samples in capillary are placed in the resonant zone of the fabricated senor for high sensitivity measurement. The frequency shift of 58.7 MHz is achieved when the capillary is filled with ethanol, corresponding a sensitivity of 97.46 MHz/μL. The complex permittivity of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol (IPA) and deionized water at the resonant frequency are measured and calibrated by the first order Debye model. Then, the complex permittivity of different concentrations of aqueous solutions of these materials are measured by using the calibrated sensor system. The results show that the proposed sensor has high sensitivity and accuracy in measuring the complex permittivity of liquid samples with volumes as small as 0.13 μL. It provides a useful reference for the complex permittivity characterization of small amount of liquid chemical samples. In addition, the characterization of an important biological sample (inositol) is carried out by using the proposed sensor.

Design and Fabrication of 3D Printed Reconfigurable Metamaterial-inspired Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 000595-000598
Author(s):  
Saranraj Karuppuswami ◽  
Avi Rajendra-Nicolucci ◽  
Saikat Mondal ◽  
Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali ◽  
Premjeet Chahal
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract In this paper, 3D printing is used as an alternative manufacturing technique to fabricate metamaterial-inspired RF structures for liquid profiling. A dual split-ring resonator (SRR) based sensor tag is designed and integrated with a microfluidic channel for detecting different liquid samples. The sensor is 3D printed using a high-temperature resin and metallized using a custom developed metal patterning process. The sensor requires a very small volume of 8.6 μL of sample under test for detection. The resonance frequency of the SRR changes with change in sample loading and the shift is monitored for sample profiling. Different volatile organic compounds are introduced and the shift is monitored demonstrating the sensitivity of the proposed tag. The low-cost, real-time nature of the tag makes it an ideal choice for monitoring liquids along the supply chain.

scholarly journals A Metamaterial Backed Dipole Antenna for High Gain Directional Communications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
V. P. Sarin ◽  
M. P. Jayakrishnan ◽  
C. K. Aanandan ◽  
M. Pezholil ◽  
V. Kesavath
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Metamaterial Structure ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Reflection Phase ◽  
Continuous Wire

The enhanced radiation performance of a dipole antenna backed by the split ring resonator-continuous wire pair array working in the H┴ excitation scenario is presented in this paper.  The H┴ excitation scenario of the metamaterial is used to get zero reflection phase resulting in enhanced gain performance. The two layer meta-structure along with the dipole is fabricated on a low cost substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and height 1mm. The reflection properties of the metamaterial structure and its effect on the radiation performance of the dipole antenna are presented in this paper.

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