scholarly journals Efficacy of a Feed Dispenser for Horses in Decreasing Cribbing Behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Silvia Mazzola ◽  
Clara Palestrini ◽  
Simona Cannas ◽  
Eleonora Fè ◽  
Gaia Lisa Bagnato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Oral Stereotypy

Cribbing is an oral stereotypy, tends to develop in captive animals as a means to cope with stress, and may be indicative of reduced welfare. Highly energetic diets ingested in a short time are one of the most relevant risk factors for the development of cribbing. The aim of this study was to verify whether feeding cribbing horses through a dispenser that delivers small quantities of concentrate when activated by the animal decreases cribbing behaviour, modifies feeding behaviour, or induces frustration. Ten horses (mean age 14 y), balanced for sex, breed, and size (mean height 162 cm), were divided into two groups of 5 horses each: Cribbing and Control. Animals were trained to use the dispenser and videorecorded continuously for 15 consecutive days from 1 h prior to feeding to 2 h after feeding in order to measure their behaviours. The feed dispenser, Quaryka®, induced an increase in time necessary to finish the ration in both groups of horses (P<0.05). With Quaryka, cribbers showed a significant reduction of time spent cribbing (P<0.05). After removal of the feed dispenser (Post-Quaryka), cribbing behaviour significantly increased. The use of Quaryka may be particularly beneficial in horses fed high-energy diets and ingesting the food too quickly.

scholarly journals A quasi-monoenergetic short time duration compact proton source for probing high energy density states of matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Apiñaniz ◽  
S. Malko ◽  
R. Fedosejevs ◽  
W. Cayzac ◽  
X. Vaisseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Repetition Rate ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Ultrashort Pulse Laser ◽  
Proton Source ◽  
Short Time

AbstractWe report on the development of a highly directional, narrow energy band, short time duration proton beam operating at high repetition rate. The protons are generated with an ultrashort-pulse laser interacting with a solid target and converted to a pencil-like narrow-band beam using a compact magnet-based energy selector. We experimentally demonstrate the production of a proton beam with an energy of 500 keV and energy spread well below 10$$\% $$ % , and a pulse duration of 260 ps. The energy loss of this beam is measured in a 2 $$\upmu $$ μ m thick solid Mylar target and found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The short time duration of the proton pulse makes it particularly well suited for applications involving the probing of highly transient plasma states produced in laser-matter interaction experiments. This proton source is particularly relevant for measurements of the proton stopping power in high energy density plasmas and warm dense matter.

Effect of High-Energy Ball-Milling and TiB2 Content on Microstructures and Properties of Cu-TiB2 Composites Sintered by SPS

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Hwan Kwon ◽  
Thuy Dang Nguyen ◽  
Pyuck Pa Choi ◽  
Ji Soon Kim ◽  
Young Soon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tib2 Particles

The microstructure and properties of Cu-TiB2 composites produced by high-energy ball-milling of TiB2 powders and spark-plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated. TiB2 powders were mechanically milled at a rotation speed of 1000rpm for short time in Ar atmosphere, using a planetary ball mill. To produce Cu-xTiB2 composites( x = 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10wt.% ), the raw and milled TiB2 powders were mixed with Cu powders by means of a turbular mixer, respectively. Sintering of mixed powders was carried out in a SPS facility under vacuum. High-energy ball-milling resulted in refinement of TiB2 particles. XRD patterns of milled TiB2 powders indicated broader TiB2 peaks with decreased intensities. After sintering at 950 for 5min using the raw and milled TiB2 mixture powders, the sintered density decreased with increasing TiB2 content regardless of milling of TiB2. In the case of raw TiB2, hardness rapidly increased from 4 to 44 HRB with increasing TiB2 content. The electrical conductivity changed from 95.5 to 80.7 %IACS. For mixtures of Cu powders with milled TiB2 powders, hardness increased from 38 to 67 HRB as TiB2 content increased, while the electrical conductivity varied from 88% to 51 % IACS. When compared to compacts sintered with raw and milled TiB2 powders, the electrical conductivity of specimens with raw TiB2 powder was higher than that of specimens with milled TiB2 powder, while hardness was slightly lower.

scholarly journals UNJUK KERJA REAKTOR PLASMA DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE UNTUK PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT

Teknik ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Ardian Dwi Yudhistira ◽  
Istadi Istadi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Electric Voltage ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Electro Catalysis ◽  
Short Time

Biodiesel is one of alternative renewable energy source to substitute diesel fuel. Various biodiesel productionprocesses through transesterification reaction with a variety of catalysts have been developed by previousresearcher. This process still has the disadvantage of a long reaction time, and high energy need. DielectricBarrier Discharge (DBD) plasma electro-catalysis may become a solution to overcome the drawbacks in theconventional transesterification process. This process only needs a short time reaction and low energy process.The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of DBD plasma rector in making biodiesel such as: theeffect of high voltage electric value, electrodes gap, mole ratio of methanol / oil, and reaction time. TheResearch method was using GC-MS (Gas Cromatography-Mass Spectrofotometry) and FTIR (FourierTransform Infrared Spectrofotometry) and then it will be analysed the change of chemical bond betweenreactant and product. So, the reaction mechanism can be predicted. Biodiesel is produced using methanol andpalm oil as reactants and DBD plasma used as reactor in batch system. Then, reactants contacted by highvoltage electric. From the results of this research can be concluded that the reaction mechanism occurs in theprocess is the reaction mechanism of cracking, the higher of electric voltage and the longer of reaction time leadto increasing of product yield. The more of mole ratio of methanol / oil and widening the gap between theelectrodes lead to decreased product yield. From this research, product yield maksimum is 89,8% in the variableof rasio mol metanol/palm oil 3:1, voltage 10 kV, electrode gap 1,5 cm, and reaction time 30 seconds.

The Importance of a Healthy Lifestyle in the Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina S. Petersen ◽  
Andrew M. Freeman ◽  
Penny M. Kris-Etherton ◽  
Kim Allan Williams Sr. ◽  
Koushik R. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Practices ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Short Time

Existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its modifiable risk factors are associated with increased mortality from coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical attention has focused on acute interventions for COVID-19, but reducing upstream risks associated with poor outcomes must occur in parallel. This is particularly urgent because risk factors for COVID-19 death are prevalent, and the pandemic has negatively impacted lifestyle and socioeconomic factors that augment these risks. Evidence-based lifestyle interventions have a generally short time-to-benefit, and lower risk of CVD and improve markers of immune function. Wider promotion of healthy lifestyle practices will improve the CVD health of the population and could favorably impact COVID-19 outcomes. Research examining how lifestyle modification affects COVID-19 susceptibility and severity is urgently needed.

scholarly journals The Potential Therapeutic Value of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Metabolic Disorders

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor T. Nyakudya ◽  
Thulani Tshabalala ◽  
Rachael Dangarembizi ◽  
Kennedy H. Erlwanger ◽  
Ashwell R. Ndhlala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
South African ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent, multifactorial and complex disease that is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and other major cardiovascular complications. The rise in the global prevalence of MetS has been attributed to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are characterized by low physical activity and the consumption of high-energy diets contributes to MetS development. Current management criteria for MetS risk factors involve changes in lifestyle and the use of pharmacological agents that target specific biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of nutrients. Pharmaceutical drugs are usually expensive and are associated with several undesirable side effects. Alternative management strategies of MetS risk factors involve the use of medicinal plants that are considered to have multiple therapeutic targets and are easily accessible. Medicinal plants contain several different biologically active compounds that provide health benefits. The impact of phytochemicals present in local medicinal plants on sustainable health and well-being of individuals has been studied for many years and found to involve a plethora of complex biochemical, metabolic, and physiological mechanisms. While some of these phytochemicals are the basis of mainstream prescribed drugs (e.g., metformin, reserpine, quinine, and salicin), there is a need to identify more medicinal plants that can be used for the management of components of MetS and to describe their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we assess the potential health benefits of South African ethnomedicinal plants in protecting against the development of health outcomes associated with MetS. We aim to provide the state of the current knowledge on the use of medicinal plants and their therapeutically important phytochemicals by discussing the current trends, with critical examples from recent primary references of how medicinal plants are being used in South African rural and urban communities.

Consumption of Foods With Higher Energy Intake Rates is Associated With Greater Energy Intake, Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pey Sze Teo ◽  
Rob M van Dam ◽  
Clare Whitton ◽  
Linda Wei Lin Tan ◽  
Ciarán G Forde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Eating Rate

ABSTRACT Background Both high energy density and fast eating rates contribute to excess energy intakes. The energy intake rate (EIR; kcal/min) combines both the energy density (kcal/g) and eating rate (g/min) of a food to quantify the typical rate at which calories of different foods are ingested. Objectives We describe the EIRs of diets in a multi-ethnic Asian population, and examine relationships between the consumption of high-EIR foods and total energy intake, body composition, and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Methods Diet and lifestyle data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort 2 (n = 7011; 21–75 y), were collected through interviewer-administrated questionnaires. The EIR for each of the 269 foods was calculated as the product of its eating rate and energy density. Multivariable models were used to examine associations between the relative consumption of foods with higher and lower EIRs and energy intake, body composition, and cardio-metabolic risks, after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education level, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol drinking status. Results Individuals with higher daily energy intakes and with obesity consumed a significantly larger percentage of their energy from high-EIR foods, with a smaller relative intake of lower-EIR foods. Individuals with raised serum cholesterol also consumed a significantly higher proportion of high-EIR foods, whereas those without hypertension consumed a larger percentage of energy intake from low-EIR foods. Individuals classified as having a “very high” dietary EIR had a significantly 1.3 kg higher body weight (95% CI, 0.2–1.5; P = 0.013), 0.4 kg/m2 higher BMI (95% CI, 0.03–0.8; P = 0.037), and 1.2 cm larger waist circumference (95% CI, 0.2–2.2; P = 0.010), and were more likely to have abdominal overweight (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5; P &lt; 0.001) than those with a “low” dietary EIR. Conclusions Comparing foods by their EIRs summarizes the combined impact of energy density and eating rate, and may identify foods and dietary patterns that are associated with obesogenic eating styles and higher diet-related cardiovascular disease risk in an Asian population.

The effect of consumption of foods that differ in energy density and/or sodium bicarbonate supplementation on subsequent diet selection in sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 114-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. James ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Subsequent Intake

Consumption of a highly fermentable, high energy density (ED) food by ruminants results in changes within the rumen environment including a fall in pH. It has been shown that such changes can influence subsequent intake and diet selection in sheep as they attempt to correct these changes through their feeding behaviour (Cooper et al, 1995). The addition of a buffer eg NaHCO3 to a previously consumed high ED food or offering the sheep a low ED food would assist in preventing changes in the rumen environment hence the ruminant would not need to modify it’s diet selection in an attempt to correct these changes. The objectives were to determine (i) whether or not sheep would make a continuous non random selection between 2 foods of different ED (Test 1), (ii) to determine what concentration of NaHCO3 should be added to a food to obtain the most beneficial effects on rumen pH combined with intake (Test 2), and finally (iii) the main objective was to determine what consequences the ED of a food and the supplementation of NaHCO3 to a food offered for a short period of time had on subsequent diet selection made by sheep (Test 3).

Heterotopic Ossification in High-Energy Wartime Extremity Injuries: Prevalence and Risk Factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Agner Forsberg ◽  
Joseph M Pepek ◽  
Scott Wagner ◽  
Kevin Wilson ◽  
James Flint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extremity Injuries

scholarly journals Human eating behaviour in an evolutionary ecological context

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Ulijaszek
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Homo Erectus ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Feeding Adaptations

Present-day human eating behaviour in industrialised society is characterised by the consumption of high-energy-density diets and often unstructured feeding patterns, largely uncoupled from seasonal cycles of food availability. Broadly similar patterns of feeding are found among advantaged groups in economically-emerging and developing nations. Such patterns of feeding are consistent with the evolutionary ecological understanding of feeding behaviour of hominids ancestral to humans, in that human feeding adaptations are likely to have arisen in the context of resource seasonality in which diet choice for energy-dense and palatable foods would have been selected by way of foraging strategies for the maximisation of energy intake. One hallmark trait of human feeding behaviour, complex control of food availability, emerged with Homo erectus (19 × 106-200 000 years ago), who carried out this process by either increased meat eating or by cooking, or both. Another key trait of human eating behaviour is the symbolic use of food, which emerged with modernHomo sapiens(100 000 years ago to the present) between 25 000 and 12 000 years ago. From this and subsequent social and economic transformations, including the origins of agriculture, humans have come to use food in increasingly elaborate symbolic ways, such that human eating has become increasingly structured socially and culturally in many different ways.

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