scholarly journals Epigenetics: The New Frontier in the Landscape of Asthma

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharti Chogtu ◽  
Dipanjan Bhattacharjee ◽  
Rahul Magazine
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Epigenetic Research

Over the years, on a global scale, asthma has continued to remain one of the leading causes of morbidity, irrespective of age, sex, or social bearings. This is despite the prevalence of varied therapeutic options to counter the pathogenesis of asthma. Asthma, as a disease per se, is a very complex one. Scientists all over the world have been trying to obtain a lucid understanding of the machinations behind asthma. This has led to many theories and conjectures. However, none of the scientific disciplines have been able to provide the missing links in the chain of asthma pathogenesis. This was until epigenetics stepped into the picture. Though epigenetic research in asthma is in its nascent stages, it has led to very exciting results, especially with regard to explaining the massive influence of environment on development of asthma and its varied phenotypes. However, there remains a lot of work to be done, especially with regard to understanding how the interactions between immune system, epigenome, and environment lead to asthma. But introduction of epigenetics has infused a fresh lease of life in research into asthma and the mood among the scientific community is that of cautious optimism.

scholarly journals Heralding Ideas of a Resilient Nation through Education of Disaster Science in 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Afshan Naz Quazi ◽  
Amit Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Disaster Science

The world with vast continental landmasses and having diversified topographic structures is bound to face a multiplicity of natural hazards on local to regional scale. Natural events of such adverse effects on human property and life have led us to conceptualize these as disasters. The trend analysis of the last 100 years over the earth reveals the fact that much has been changed by natural disasters with an average occurrence of 7 in 1914 to 341 disasters in 2014 per continent on a global scale. The present study focuses on how frequent disasters have continued to harm our environment and up to what extent threatened the sustainability of humanity in the last ten decades. The available data on past natural calamities have been studied to gauge the intensity and effects of these hazards and realizing a better way to mitigate them by educating all for disasters and disaster management as this will ensure timely disaster preparedness in general. Each disaster occurs at the backdrop of some science in it. This necessitates natural disasters as a probable area of concern which awaits intrinsic study and investigations with enough scientific aptitude and inquiry in science education of our country. The origin of such events of unforeseen calamities is set in one country, but its effects on howsoever mild or severe are widespread trans-nationally. To understand, mitigate, and to manage them finally lies with the scientific community at our disposal.

scholarly journals Insights into COVID-19 Chemotherapies: Potential and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Esam Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Effective Immune Response ◽  
Good State ◽  
The World

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a newly emerged infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has recently become pandemic. Although several therapeutic options are currently available for the treatment of COVID-19, no effective antiviral agents have been developed yet. Many countries follow the strategy of keeping the patient in good state and count on his own immune system to develop an effective immune response. Since the beginning of the pandemic, many previous therapeutic options have been used in COVID-19 treatment including antiviral, non-antiviral drugs and convalescent plasma-based therapies. This review delivers comprehensive illustration of the current therapeutic drugs that have been used for COVID-19 treatment all over the world since the pandemic starts.

scholarly journals Open Questions for Harnessing Autophagy-Modulating Drugs in the SARS-CoV-2 War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Brest ◽  
Jonathan Benzaquen ◽  
Daniel J. Klionsky ◽  
Paul Hofman ◽  
Baharia Mograbi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

At a time when the world faces an emotional breakdown, crushing our dreams if not taking our lives, we realize that together we must fight the war against the COVID-19 outbreak even if almost the majority of the scientific community finds itself confined to home. Every day, like everyone else, we, scientists, listen to the latest news with its promises and announcements. Across the world, a surge of clinical trials trying to cure or slow down the coronavirus pandemic has been launched to bring hope instead of fear and despair. One of the most recent has drawn worldwide hype to the possible benefit of chloroquine (CQ), a well-known and broadly used anti-malarial drug, in the treatment of patients infected by the recently emerged deadly coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). We should consider this information in the light of the long-standing anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties of CQ-related drugs. Yet, none of these articles evoked a possible molecular or cellular mechanism of action that could account for any efficacy. Here, given the interaction of viruses with macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), a CQ-sensitive anti-viral safeguard pathway, we would like to discuss some pros and cons concerning the current therapeutic options targeting this process.

The International Action “Open Access Week — 2009”

2009 ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Samodova
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
International Action ◽  
The World

Information on the coming Open Access Week which will be held from 19 to 23 October 2009. Interest in the results of scientific researches all over the world has led to consolidation of forces of the international scientific community and to expand the now-annual event from a single day to seven days.

Reflections into the Spirit of the Islamic Corpus of Knowledge and the Rise of the New Science

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Dhaouadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Third World ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Western Science ◽  
New Science ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Primary Reference

There is no question that contemporary western civilization has beendominant in the field of science since the Renaissance. Western scientificsuperiority is not limited to specific scientific disciplines, but is rather anovetall scientific domination covering both the so-called exact and thehuman-social sciences. Western science is the primary reference for specialistsin such ateas as physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, economics,psychology, and sociology. It is in this sense that Third World underdevelopmentis not only economic, social, and industrial; it also suffersfrom scientific-cultutal underdevelopment, or what we call "The OtherUnderdevelopment" (Dhaouadi 1988).The imptessive progress of western science since Newton and Descartesdoes not meari, however, that it has everything tight or perfect. Infact, its flaws ate becoming mote visible. In the last few decades, westernscience has begun to experience a shift from what is called classical scienceto new science. Classical science was associated with the celestialmechanics of Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, the new physics of Galileo,and the philosophy of Descartes. Descartes introduced a radical divisionbetween mind and matter, while Newton and his fellows presented a newscience that looked at the world as a kind of giant clock The laws of thisworld were time-reversible, for it was held that there was no differencebetween past and future. As the laws were deterministic, both the pastand the future could be predicted once the present was known.The vision of the emerging new science tends to heal the division betweenmatter and spirit and to do away with the mechanical dimension ...

Immunomodulatory Effect of “Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy” to Cure or Prevent Hospital Acquired (Nosocomial) Infections due to Clostridium difficile (C. diff), other Pathogenic Bacteria, and Autoimmune Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3937-3949
Author(s):  
Malireddy S Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The worldwide popularity of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to treat or prevent the hospital acquired infections (nosocomial infections) arose a great interest in the medical community around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2016; 2017). The following questions were raised on this subject: Does Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics directly inhibit the pathogenic bacteria (C. diff) in the gastrointestinal tract or indirectly through modulation of the host immune system or both? To be more specific, what is the exact and/or hypothetical mechanism at molecular level behind the breakthrough discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy?  To answer these questions, the specific immunomodulation regulatory functions of the individual Probiotic strains (on host) have beenresearched, investigated andoutlined in this article.  A detailed explanation(s) and hypotheses have been proposed outlining the possible cumulativedirect bacteriological and indirect immunomodulatory effects (at the molecular level) of the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics used in Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to successfully treat C. diff infection.  A detailed scientific and research attempts were made to correlate the Probiotic induced immune activities in relation to the reduction of the symptoms associated with the hospital acquired Clostridium difficile infection during and after the Multiple Mixed Strain Probioitc Therapy.  Results of the clinical trials, microbiological tests on feces, and the clinical blood tests significantly revealed that the reasons for the success of Dr. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy are multifold. Presumably, it is predominantly due to the immunomodulatory effect they have exerted on the host immune system along with the direct inhibition of C. diff bacteria by multiple Probiotics, due to the production of bacteriocins, lactic acid and nutritional competency.In addition, the size of the individual cells of the Probiotic strains in the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics and their significant effect on immunomodulation has been thoroughly discussed. Results clearly proved that if Probiotics are absent in the GI tract during C. diff infection, the chances of patient survival is zero.  This is because of the excess immune stimulation and incurable damage to the epithelial cell barrier of the gastrointestinal tract caused by C. diff bacteria.  The results also revealed, without any doubt, as of to-datethe latest discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy is the best way to cure the deadly hospital acquired infections affecting millions of people around the world, with high degree of mortality.  This has been attested by several practicng medical professionals and scientists around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2017).

Impact of Globalisation on Pandemics: A comparative study on SARS and Covid-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Johann And Devika
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship

BACKGROUND Since November 2019, Covid - 19 has spread across the globe costing people their lives and countries their economic stability. The world has become more interconnected over the past few decades owing to globalisation and such pandemics as the Covid -19 are cons of that. This paper attempts to gain deeper understanding into the correlation between globalisation and pandemics. It is a descriptive analysis on how one of the factors that was responsible for the spread of this virus on a global scale is globalisation. OBJECTIVE - To understand the close relationship that globalisation and pandemics share. - To understand the scale of the spread of viruses on a global scale though a comparison between SARS and Covid -19. - To understand the sale of globalisation present during SARS and Covid - 19. METHODS A descriptive qualitative comparative analysis was used throughout this research. RESULTS Globalisation does play a significant role in the spread of pandemics on a global level. CONCLUSIONS - SARS and Covid - 19 were varied in terms of severity and spread. - The scale of globalisation was different during the time of SARS and Covid - 19. - Globalisation can be the reason for the faster spread in Pandemics.

Caribbean French-African Creole and African Metaphysics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanétha Vété-Congolo
Keyword(s):  
African Language ◽  
The West ◽  
French Empire ◽  
African Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Per Se

The Euro-enslavement enterprise in America expanded the European geography temporarily, and, more lastingly, its culturo-linguistic and philosophical influence. The deportation of millions of Africans within that enterprise similarly extended the African presence in this part of the world, especially in the Caribbean. Africans deported by the French Empire spoke languages of the West Atlantic Mande, Kwa, or Voltaic groups. They arrived in their new and final location with their languages. However, no African language wholly survived the ordeal of enslavement in the Caribbean. This signals language as perhaps the most important political and philosophical instrument of colonization. I am therefore interested in “Pawòl,” that is, the ethical, human, and humanist responses Africans brought to their situation through language per se and African languages principally. I am also interested in the metaphysical value of “Pawòl.”

scholarly journals An outline of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the complement cascade of immune system

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmalochan Hembram
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 19 is a viral infection caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. It was first notified in Wuhan, China, is now spread into numerous part of the world. Thus, the world needs urgent support and encouragement to develop a vaccine or antiviral treatments to combat the atrocious outbreak. Main body of the abstract The origin of this virus is yet unknown; however, rapid transmission from human-to-human “Anthroponosis” has widely confirmed. The world is witnessing a continuous hike in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In light of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19, we have aimed to highlight the basic and vital information about the novel coronavirus. We provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, timeline and its pathophysiological properties which would be an aid for the development of therapeutic molecules and antiviral drugs. Immune system plays a crucial role in virus infection in order to control but may have dark side when becomes uncontrollable. The host and SARS-CoV-2 interaction describe how the virus exploits host machinery and how overactive host immune response can cause disease severity also addressed in this review. Short conclusion Safe and effective vaccines may be the game-changing tools, but in the near future wearing mask, washing hands at regular intervals, avoiding crowed, maintaining physical distancing and hygienic surrounding, must be good practices to reduce and break the transmission chain. Still, research is ongoing not only on how vaccines protect against disease, but also against infection and transmission.

The Reasoning Structure in Legal Disputes on the International Trade of Biotechnology: From a Judicial Balance by Chance to a Judicial Balance by Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Alessandra GUIDA
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Biotech Products

The international trade in biotech products boosts national economies and advances scientific as well as technology innovation. However, while trading these products increases the spread of benefits on a global scale, it also increases risks to human health and the environment (ie biosafety). This is because the effects of this technology on biosafety are still highly uncertain. Against this background, the judicial bodies under the World Trade Organization (WTO) find themselves in the middle of an intricate and polarised debate in which a proper judicial balance between free trade and biosafety becomes fundamental in order to determine whether requests for ensuring human and environmental health justify trade restrictions. This paper aims to highlight that the WTO is institutionally unready for balancing economic and non-economic values. In suggesting how to rationalise the judicial balance between the competing interests in the context of biotechnology, this paper demonstrates that the judicial adoption of a well-structured proportionality analysis can turn the current balance by chance into a balance by structure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document