scholarly journals Components and Anti-HepG2 Activity Comparison ofLycopodiumAlkaloids from Four Geographic Origins

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Qiang Tian ◽  
Guang-Wan Hu ◽  
Ming-Quan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Guangxi Province ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Bioactivity Assay ◽  
Chemical Fingerprinting ◽  
Lycopodium Japonicum ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Activity Comparison ◽  
Significant Chemical ◽  
Different Sources

Lycopodium japonicumThunb. has attracted great interests due to its rich alkaloids with significant anticancer activity. However, significant chemical differences often exist in a plant species from different geographic origins and affect its quality and bioactivities. Thus, it is urgent to reveal their chemical and biological distinctions at the molecular level. In this context, a comparative chemical analysis of LAs using HPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS was firstly conducted and resulted in the detection of 46 LAs, 28 of which were identified, and a series of unique LAs markers, such as peaks2,9,10, and11, were further found to be characteristic LAs and selected as markers from four different origins for their quality control. In parallel, the comparative bioactivity assay revealed that the total LAs from Hubei province exhibited much higher inhibitory rate at 65.95% against HepG2 cells than those at 26.72%, 20.26%, and 33.62% for Kenya, Guangxi province, and Zhejiang province in China, respectively. To this end, significant chemical fingerprinting differences and discrepancies in bioactivity of LAs were explored firstly, which could provide valuable information for quality control and further activity studies on LAs from different sources and promote their better pharmaceutical applications in the future as well.

The Influence of Phosphogypsum Microstructure on the Main Properties of Press-Formed Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Ignacio Villalon Fornes ◽  
Danutė Vaičiukynienė ◽  
Viktoras Doroševas ◽  
Dalia Nizevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Binding Material ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Different Sources

The storage of the phosphogypsum in stockpiles causes serious environmental problems. In order to avoid them, this by-product should be utilised. Hence, one solution is to employ it as a binding material, so that its structural and binding properties must be satisfactory. Depending on the type of original phosphate rock, the microstructure of phosphogypsum may differ, determining its main physical-mechanical properties. However, research with comparative analyses of the properties of phosphogypsum from different origins is almost inexistent. Therefore, in this study, the microstructure of phosphogypsum from two different sources is analysed: the first type is from Kovdor mine (Russia); the second is a mixture between material from Kirov (Russia) and Casablanca (Morocco) mines. The microstructure of both phosphogypsum types was analysed and compared by applying SEM-DES analysis and by measuring the loss on ignition. In order to obtain high mechanical properties, the material was processed by press-forming. Eventually, the mechanical properties of hardened phosphogypsum of both types were obtained by compression test and then compared.

Arterial supply to the lungs in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siew Yen Ho ◽  
Gualtiero Catani ◽  
Jeong-Wook Seo
Keyword(s):  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Pulmonary Stenosis ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Pulmonary Atresia ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
Collateral Arteries ◽  
Pulmonary Parenchyma ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Critical Pulmonary Stenosis

SummaryThe arterial supply to the lungs in cases with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis is mostly via the arterial duct or else by collateral arteries arising directly or indirectly from the aorta. Nine anatomical specimens with collateral arteries were studied by blunt dissection to determine the arterial supply to each pulmonary segment. The precise supply varied from case to case but, overall, nearly two-thirds of the pulmonary segments were connected to the central pulmonary arteries. A quarter were supplied exclusively by systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries, with the remainder having a dual supply. Coexistence of ductal connections and systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries was seen in one case. Anastomoses between vessels of different origins were observed up to the segmental level in eight of the nine cases. In four cases, the anastomoses formed arterial rings. The extent of pulmonary parenchyma supplied by arteries from different sources and the presence of arterial anastomoses in these malformations have implications on the planning of surgical repair.

scholarly journals Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Cultured From Retail Meat Products, Patients, and Porcine Excrement in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Feng ◽  
Qian Xiang ◽  
Jiangang Ma ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

The emergence and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a growing concern to animal and public health. However, little is known about the spread of CRE in food and livestock and its potential transmission to humans. To identify CRE strains from different origins and sources, 53 isolates were cultured from 760 samples including retail meat products, patients, and porcine excrement. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out, followed by phylogenetic typing, whole-genome sequencing, broth mating assays, and plasmids analyses. Forty-three Escherichia coli, nine Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one Enterobacter cloacae isolates were identified, each exhibiting multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Genetically, the main sequence types (STs) of E. coli were ST156 (n = 7), ST354 (n = 7), and ST48 (n = 7), and the dominant ST of K. pneumoniae is ST11 (n = 5). blaNDM–5 (n = 40) of E. coli and blaKPC–2 (n = 5) were the key genes that conferred carbapenem resistance phenotypes in these CRE strains. Additionally, the mcr-1 gene was identified in 17 blaNDM-producing isolates. The blaNDM–5 gene from eight strains could be transferred to the recipients via conjugation assays. Two mcr-1 genes in the E. coli isolates could be co-transferred along with the blaNDM–5 genes. IncF and IncX3 plasmids have been found to be predominantly associated with blaNDM gene in these strains. Strains isolated in our study from different sources and regions tend to be concordant and overlap. CRE strains from retail meat products are a reservoir for transition of CRE strains between animals and humans. These data also provide evidence of the dissemination of CRE strains and carbapenem-resistant genes between animal and human sources.

scholarly journals The African Database of Hydrometric Indices (ADHI)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Tramblay ◽  
Nathalie Rouché ◽  
Jean-Emmanuel Paturel ◽  
Gil Mahé ◽  
Jean-François Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Daily Discharge ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract. The African continent is probably the one with the lowest density of hydrometric stations currently measuring river discharge, despite the fact that the number of operating stations was quite important until the 70s. This new African Database of Hydrometric Indices (ADHI) is compiling data from different sources carefully checked for quality control. It includes about 1500 stations with at least 10 years of daily discharge data over the period 1950–2018. The average record length is 19 years and for over 100 stations complete records are available over 50 years. With this dataset spanning most regions of the African continent, several hydrometric indices have been computed, representing mean flow characteristics and extremes (low flows and floods), and are made accessible to the scientific community. The database will be updated on a regular basis to include more hydrometric stations and longer time series of river discharge. The ADHI database is available for download at: https://doi.org/10.23708/LXGXQ9 (Tramblay and Rouché, 2020).

scholarly journals Comparison of Survival and Development of Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Populations from Different Geographic Areas on North American Conifers

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Keena ◽  
Jessica Y. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
North American ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Better Than

Host utilization information is critical to managers for estimating the hosts at risk and potential geographic range for gypsy moths from different geographic origins. In this study, the development and survival of gypsy moths from all three subspecies on 13 North American conifers and three broadleaf hosts were compared. There was variation in the ability of gypsy moth larvae from different geographic origins to utilize (survive and develop on) key North American conifers. However, that variation was not consistent within gypsy moth subspecies, but instead was more consistent with populations from different origins being preadapted to utilize different hosts and having different biologic traits. Some Asian populations developed and survived well on some conifers while populations from Europe and North America gained weight faster and/or survived better than some Asian populations. Although development was slower and survival poorer on several of the conifers, first instar larvae were able to utilize conifers unless the needles were tough or feeding deterrents were present. Host phenology was also critical since the early instars fed preferentially on new foliage or buds. Gypsy moth larvae can utilize many hosts, so this makes it a very adaptable invasive species that warrants taking measures to prevent its spread.

scholarly journals Population structure and diversity of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from different sources and geographic origins

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza Duarte-Escalante ◽  
Gerardo Zúñiga ◽  
Oscar Nava Ramírez ◽  
Susana Córdoba ◽  
Nicolás Refojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Different Sources

scholarly journals Tocopherol profile of Brazil nut oil from different geographic areas of the Amazon region

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Funasaki ◽  
Ingrid Sabino Menezes ◽  
Hiléia dos Santos Barroso ◽  
Sandra Patricia Zanotto ◽  
Cláudia Regina Ferreira Carioca
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Geographic Origins

The tocopherol content of Brazil nut oil from different Amazon regions (Manicoré-AM, Rio Preto da Eva-AM, São João da Baliza-RR, Caroebe-RR, Belém-PA, and Xapurí-AC) was investigated by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. For all authentic oils, two isomers: α- and γ-tocopherols were observed (37.92-74.48 µg g-1, 106.88-171.80 µg g-1, respectively), and their levels were relatively constant among the oils having these geographic origins, which would enable to distinguish Brazil nut oil from other plant oils for authentication purposes. Commercial Brazil nut oils were also evaluated, and some of these oils demonstrated a tocopherol content that was very different from that of the authentic oils. Therefore, we suggest that the tocopherol profile of Brazil nut oil can be useful chemical marker for quality control and authentication.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nitrogen-Corrected Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Different Sources of Rice and Rice Milling Byproducts in Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Kun Xie ◽  
Xi He ◽  
De-Xing Hou ◽  
Bingkun Zhang ◽  
Zehe Song
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Different Sources

Rice, broken rice (BR), and full-fat rice bran (FFRB) from six different origins were analyzed for their chemical composition, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolized energy (AMEn), and standardized amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) in 14-day-old and 28-day-old Arbor Acres broilers. Results showed broilers fed with rice and BR had a similar AMEn regardless of the rice and BR having different CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and ash content. FFRB containing significantly different CP, EE, NDF, ADFm and starch presented variable AMEn (p < 0.05), suggesting that starch content in rice and its byproducts contributed most to the AMEn of broilers. The regression equation of AMEn = 14.312 − (0.198 × NDF) and AMEn = 6.491 + (0.103 × Starch) were feasible to integrally predict AMEn of broilers fed to rice and its byproducts. Moreover, 28-day-old broilers had higher SIAAD than 14-day-old ones. The SIAAD of rice were higher than BR and FFRB except for Met, Cys, Thr, and Tyr in 14-day-old broilers (p < 0.05), and the SIAAD of His, Asp, and Ser in BR were higher than FFRB (p < 0.05). In 28-day-old broilers, the SIAAD of Leu, Trp, Asp, Gly, and Pro of rice were still higher than BR and FFRB (p < 0.05), but BR and FFRB had no significant differences (p > 0.05). The regression equations to estimate the SIAAD of Thr, Lys, and Met were: Met = 81.46 + (0.578 × CP), Thr = 0.863 + (6.311 × CP), and Trp = 102.883 − (1.77 × CP), indicating that CP content in rice and its byproducts was likely a major factor for prediction of SIAAD.

scholarly journals Salmonella Enteritidis Phage Types 1 and 4: Pheno- and Genotypic Epidemiology of Recent Outbreaks in Finland

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2176-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Lukinmaa ◽  
Raili Schildt ◽  
Teemu Rinttilä ◽  
Anja Siitonen
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Plasmid Profiling ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Different Sources

In the 1990s, Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Enteritidis has caused 15 outbreaks in Finland; 12 of them were caused by phage type 1 (PT1) and PT4. Thus far, there has been no clear evidence as to the source of theseSalmonella Enteritidis PT1 and PT4 strains, so it was necessary to try to characterize them further. SalmonellaEnteritidis PT1 (n = 57) and PT4 (n = 43) isolates from different sources were analyzed by genomic pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid profiling, and antimicrobial resistance testing to investigate the distribution of their subtypes in Finland. It was also hoped that this investigation would help in identifying the sources of the infections, especially the sources of the outbreaks caused by PT1 and PT4 in the 1990s. The results showed that both PFGE and plasmid profiling, but not antimicrobial susceptibility testing, were capable of differentiating isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 and PT4. By genotypic methods, it was possible to divide both PT1 and PT4 isolates into 12 subtypes. It could also be shown that all PT1 outbreak isolates were identical and, at least with this collection of isolates, that the outbreaks did not originate from the Baltic countries or from Russia, where this phage type predominates. It was also established that the outbreaks caused by PT4 all had different origins. Valuable information for future investigations was gained on the distribution of molecular subtypes of strains that originated from the tourist resorts that are popular among Finns and of strains that were isolated from livestock.

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