scholarly journals Extrudability and Consolidation of Blends between CGM and DDGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. J. R. Verbeek ◽  
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Keyword(s):  
Dissipative Heating ◽  
Glass Transitions ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
High Fibre Content ◽  
Future Work ◽  
By Products

During the last decade, the global biofuels industry has experienced exponential growth. By-products such as high protein corn gluten meal (CGM) and high fibre distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) have grown in parallel. CGM has been shown to be suitable as a biopolymer; the high fibre content of DDGS reduces its effectiveness, although it is considerably cheaper. In this study, the processing behaviour of CGM and DDGS blends was evaluated and resulting extrudate properties were determined. Prior to processing, urea was used as a denaturant. DDGS : CGM ratios of 0, 33, 50, 66, and 100% were processed in a single screw extruder, which solely used dissipative heating. Blends containing DDGS were less uniformly consolidated and resulted in more dissipative heating. Blends showed multiple glass transitions, which is characteristic of mechanically compatible blends. Transmission electron microscopy revealed phase separation on a microscale, although distinct CGM or DDGS phases could not be identified. On a macroscale, optical microscopy suggested that CGM-rich blends were better consolidated, supported by visual observations of a more continuous extrudate formed during extrusion. Future work should aim to also characterize the mechanical properties of these blends to assess their suitability as either bioplastic feedstock or pelletized livestock feed.

Determination of the phase structure of polymerblends by electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
Dr. G. Kaemof
Keyword(s):  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

A mixture of polycarbonate (PC) and styrene-acrylonitrile-copolymer (SAN) represents a very good example for the efficiency of electron microscopic investigations concerning the determination of optimum production procedures for high grade product properties.The following parameters have been varied:components of charge (PC : SAN 50 : 50, 60 : 40, 70 : 30), kind of compounding machine (single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, discontinuous kneader), mass-temperature (lowest and highest possible temperature).The transmission electron microscopic investigations (TEM) were carried out on ultra thin sections, the PC-phase of which was selectively etched by triethylamine.The phase transition (matrix to disperse phase) does not occur - as might be expected - at a PC to SAN ratio of 50 : 50, but at a ratio of 65 : 35. Our results show that the matrix is preferably formed by the components with the lower melting viscosity (in this special case SAN), even at concentrations of less than 50 %.

Optimizing the effects of Persian gum and carrot pomace powder for development of low-fat donut with high fibre content

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Nouri ◽  
Behzad Nasehi ◽  
Vahid Samavati ◽  
Saman Abdanan Mehdizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Content ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
High Fibre Content

scholarly journals Feed biomass production may not be sufficient to support emerging livestock demand: Model projections to 2050 in Southern Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolapo Enahoro ◽  
Jason Sircely ◽  
Randall B. Boone ◽  
Stephen Oloo ◽  
Adam M. Komarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
By Products

The demand for livestock-derived foods has steadily grown over the past decades and rising incomes and human populations are expected to see demand further increase. It is unclear if current livestock feed resources are adequately prepared to meet future demand especially given the looming challenges of climate change. Many feeds such as grasses, crop by-products, and other biomass may not be widely grown commercially or sold in formal markets but are critical sources of livestock feed in many low-resource settings in which ruminant livestock production is important. The availability of these feed types can determine the extent to which the livestock sector can expand to meet growing, and sometimes critical, demand for animal-source foods. In this paper, we compare country-level projections of livestock demand from a global economic model to simulated data on feed biomass production. Our comparisons account separately for beef, lamb, and dairy demand. The data allow us to assess the future sufficiency of key sources of feed biomass, and hence aspects of the expansion capacity of livestock production in selected countries in Southern Africa. Our simulation results project that given the interacting effects of projected climate change and changes in income and population in the region, there will not be enough feed biomass produced domestically to meet growing demand for livestock products. For three types of feed biomass (feed crops including grains, grasses, and crop by-products) for which future livestock feed sufficiency was examined, our results showed feed sufficiency declines for all three feed types in Malawi and Mozambique, for two out of three in South Africa and for one of three in Zambia, under intermediate and extreme scenarios of climate change in 2050. Our results suggest an urgent need to improve feed biomass productivity to support future supply of animal protein in the study countries.

Effect of a snack with high fibre content on defecation frequency in a stipsi-affected cohort of volunteers

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Filippo Rossi ◽  
Giancarlo Veneziani ◽  
Maria Chiara Mentella ◽  
Monica Maj ◽  
Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Content ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Defecation Frequency ◽  
High Fibre Content

Use of Difference near Infrared Reflectance Spectra to Extract Relevant Information from the Spectra of Agro–Food Products

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Garrido-Varo ◽  
Ronald Carrete ◽  
Víctor Fernández-Cabanás
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Corn Gluten Feed ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Gluten Feed ◽  
By Products

This paper compares the use of log 1/ R versus standard normal variate (SNV) and Detrending (DT) transformations calculated either of two forms, SNV followed by DT (SNV+DT) or DT then SNV (DT+SNV) for their abilities to enhance interpretation of spectra and to detect areas of maximum differences in composition of two agro–food products (sunflower seed and corn) and their corresponding by-products (sunflower meal and corn gluten feed). The results obtained show that the SNV+DT and the DT+SNV transformations of the raw data make the existing chemical differences between scattering agro–food products more easily interpretable.

Helium Implantation of Ultrafine Grained Tungsten within a TEM

2014 ◽  
Vol 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hattar ◽  
O. El-Atwani ◽  
M. Efe ◽  
T.J. Novakowski ◽  
A. Suslova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Tungsten Alloys ◽  
Helium Bubbles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Helium Implantation ◽  
Future Work

ABSTRACTMany theoretical predictions have suggested that the confined length scales and increased interface density of various nanostructured materials may result in desired thermal, mechanical, and radiation properties. An important aspect of this for next generation nuclear reactors is understanding the change in swelling resulting from helium evolution in tungsten alloys, as a function of grain size and grain boundary type. This study investigated this using a new ion irradiation transmission electron microscope (TEM) facility that has been developed at Sandia National Laboratories and is capable of ion implanting helium at energies up to 20 keV. It was demonstrated in this feasibility study that helium could be implanted into an ultrafine grained tungsten TEM sample produced by severe plastic deformation. The size and density of the helium bubbles formed during the experiment appear nearly constant; while the larger voids formed appear to be dependent on the local microstructure. Future work is underway to both optimize the facility, as well as better understand the evolution of ultrafine grained tungsten resulting from both helium implantation and displacement damage.

scholarly journals Effects of powder from white cabbage outer leaves on sponge cake quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsvetko Prokopov ◽  
Zhivka Goranova ◽  
Marianna Baeva ◽  
Anton Slavov ◽  
Charis M. Galanakis
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Cake Volume ◽  
Sponge Cake ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Powder Addition ◽  
By Products

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to develop high fibre cakes utilizing and valorising cabbage by-products - cabbage outer leaves. Cabbage outer leaves were dried and milled in order to produce cabbage leaf powder. The cabbage leaf powder was added at 0, 10, 20% into sponge cake. All of the samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis and sensory evaluation. Methods of descriptive sensory analysis were used for a comparative analysis of the sponge cakes with cabbage leaf powder and the cake without cabbage leaf powder. Addition of cabbage leaf powder in sponge cakes significantly affected the cake volume and textural properties. Springiness of cakes with cabbage leaf powder and crumb tenderness were lower, while the structure was stable at high loads, as expressed by lower shrinkage in comparison with the control cake. The nutritional value of the sponge cakes with cabbage leaf powder was lower than the control cake. The cells cakes modified by cabbage leaf powder were smaller and almost equal, uniformly distributed in the crumb, and at the same time had thicker walls. The cakes with addition of cabbage leaf powder showed the springiness and their crumb tenderness were lower, while their structure was stable at high loads. Control cake showed higher water-absorbing capacity compared to the cakes with 10 and 20% cabbage leaf powder.

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