scholarly journals Diosgenin: Recent Highlights on Pharmacology and Analytical Methodology

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafalda Jesus ◽  
Ana P. J. Martins ◽  
Eugenia Gallardo ◽  
Samuel Silvestre
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Steroidal Sapogenin ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Hplc Technique ◽  
Collective Information

Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, occurs abundantly in plants such asDioscorea alata,Smilax China,andTrigonella foenum graecum. This bioactive phytochemical not only is used as an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, but has revealed also high potential and interest in the treatment of various types of disorders such as cancer, hypercholesterolemia, inflammation, and several types of infections. Due to its pharmacological and industrial importance, several extraction and analytical procedures have been developed and applied over the years to isolate, detect, and quantify diosgenin, not only in its natural sources and pharmaceutical compositions, but also in animal matrices for pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological studies. Within these, HPLC technique coupled to different detectors is the most commonly analytical procedure described for this compound. However, other alternative methods were also published. Thus, the present review aims to provide collective information on the most recent pharmacological data on diosgenin and on the most relevant analytical techniques used to isolate, detect, and quantify this compound as well.

scholarly journals Paraben Compounds—Part I: An Overview of Their Characteristics, Detection, and Impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2307
Author(s):  
João Lincho ◽  
Rui C. Martins ◽  
João Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Different Water Sources

Parabens are widely used in different industries as preservatives and antimicrobial compounds. The evolution of analytical techniques allowed the detection of these compounds in different sources at µg/L and ng/L. Until today, parabens were already found in water sources, air, soil and even in human tissues. The impact of parabens in humans, animals and in ecosystems are a matter of discussion within the scientific community, but it is proven that parabens can act as endocrine disruptors, and some reports suggest that they are carcinogenic compounds. The presence of parabens in ecosystems is mainly related to wastewater discharges. This work gives an overview about the paraben problem, starting with their characteristics and applications. Moreover, the dangers related to their usage were addressed through the evaluation of toxicological studies over different species as well as of humans. Considering this, paraben detection in different water sources, wastewater treatment plants, humans and animals was analyzed based on literature results. A review of European legislation regarding parabens was also performed, presenting some considerations for the use of parabens.

Fenugreekine, a new steroidal sapogenin-peptide ester of Trigonella foenum-graecum

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2247-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibnath Ghosal ◽  
Radhey S. Srivastava ◽  
Dulal C. Chatterjee ◽  
Sunil K. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Steroidal Sapogenin ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum

scholarly journals Fraud in Animal Origin Food Products: Advances in Emerging Spectroscopic Detection Methods over the Past Five Years

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdo Hassoun ◽  
Ingrid Måge ◽  
Walter F. Schmidt ◽  
Havva Tümay Temiz ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
The Past ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Animal Origin Food

Animal origin food products, including fish and seafood, meat and poultry, milk and dairy foods, and other related products play significant roles in human nutrition. However, fraud in this food sector frequently occurs, leading to negative economic impacts on consumers and potential risks to public health and the environment. Therefore, the development of analytical techniques that can rapidly detect fraud and verify the authenticity of such products is of paramount importance. Traditionally, a wide variety of targeted approaches, such as chemical, chromatographic, molecular, and protein-based techniques, among others, have been frequently used to identify animal species, production methods, provenance, and processing of food products. Although these conventional methods are accurate and reliable, they are destructive, time-consuming, and can only be employed at the laboratory scale. On the contrary, alternative methods based mainly on spectroscopy have emerged in recent years as invaluable tools to overcome most of the limitations associated with traditional measurements. The number of scientific studies reporting on various authenticity issues investigated by vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fluorescence spectroscopy has increased substantially over the past few years, indicating the tremendous potential of these techniques in the fight against food fraud. It is the aim of the present manuscript to review the state-of-the-art research advances since 2015 regarding the use of analytical methods applied to detect fraud in food products of animal origin, with particular attention paid to spectroscopic measurements coupled with chemometric analysis. The opportunities and challenges surrounding the use of spectroscopic techniques and possible future directions will also be discussed.

scholarly journals A Novel Analytical View of Time-Fractional Korteweg-De Vries Equations via a New Integral Transform

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1254
Author(s):  
Saima Rashid ◽  
Aasma Khalid ◽  
Sobia Sultana ◽  
Zakia Hammouch ◽  
Rasool Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Waves ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Integral Transform ◽  
Kdv Equation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Fractional Pdes ◽  
Approximate Analytical Solutions ◽  
The Kdv Equation ◽  
De Vries

We put into practice relatively new analytical techniques, the Shehu decomposition method and the Shehu iterative transform method, for solving the nonlinear fractional coupled Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. The KdV equation has been developed to represent a broad spectrum of physics behaviors of the evolution and association of nonlinear waves. Approximate-analytical solutions are presented in the form of a series with simple and straightforward components, and some aspects show an appropriate dependence on the values of the fractional-order derivatives that are, in a certain sense, symmetric. The fractional derivative is proposed in the Caputo sense. The uniqueness and convergence analysis is carried out. To comprehend the analytical procedure of both methods, three test examples are provided for the analytical results of the time-fractional KdV equation. Additionally, the efficiency of the mentioned procedures and the reduction in calculations provide broader applicability. It is also illustrated that the findings of the current methodology are in close harmony with the exact solutions. It is worth mentioning that the proposed methods are powerful and are some of the best procedures to tackle nonlinear fractional PDEs.

scholarly journals Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13417
Author(s):  
Benedikt Bauer ◽  
Angela Mally ◽  
Daniel Liedtke
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Free Feeding

Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led to the formulation of the 3R-principle, which today is a pivotal scientific standard of animal experimentation worldwide. The rising amount of laboratory investigations utilizing living animals throughout the last decades, either for regulatory concerns or for basic science, demands the development of alternative methods in accordance with 3R to help reduce experiments in mammals. This demand has resulted in investigation of additional vertebrate species displaying favourable biological properties. One prominent species among these is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), as these small laboratory ray-finned fish are well established in science today and feature outstanding biological characteristics. In this review, we highlight the advantages and general prerequisites of zebrafish embryos and larvae before free-feeding stages for toxicological testing, with a particular focus on cardio-, neuro, hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we discuss toxicokinetics, current advances in utilizing zebrafish for organ toxicity testing and highlight how advanced laboratory methods (such as automation, advanced imaging and genetic techniques) can refine future toxicological studies in this species.

scholarly journals SPLIT-HALF TABLETS: A COMPLETE REVIEW FOR ANALYTICAL TESTING

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
LAKSHMI NARASIMHA RAO KATAKAM
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Analytical Evaluation ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Acceptance Criterion ◽  
Solid Oral Dosage Form

A solid oral dosage form (as a tablet) which is an immediate or extended-release dosage form which necessitates the scoring bisect of the tablet. This review discusses the quality attributes and interpretations for the split studies of the various tablet formulations using the analytical techniques. Each method of analysis for the evaluation of split-half tablets in terms of its critical quality attributes discusses in detail explanation of analytical methodology and challenges in formulation development. The results for quantitative analytical evaluation in terms of finished product/stability testing and release of the split-half drug product against the acceptance criterion and also discusses the flowchart guidance for the investigation of out of specification results. The present article provides an insight into the complete analytical evaluation of split-half drug product testing according to the requirements of tablet scoring as per US food and drug administration.

scholarly journals 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Aggregates: Identification and Development of Analytical Techniques

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Sá Couto ◽  
Alexey Ryzhakov ◽  
Thorsteinn Loftsson
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Critical Aggregation Concentration ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
Permeability Studies ◽  
Aggregation Phenomena

It is extremely important for pharmaceutical formulators to have analytical methodology that provides efficient detection and quantification of HPβCD aggregates. Five different methods were then evaluated for their potential to detect these aggregates and to determine critical aggregation concentration (cac): osmometry, viscometry, tensiometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and permeability studies. Overall, tensiometry was an inadequate method with which to study HPβCD aggregation, since the addition of HPβCD to water resulted in only minor changes in surface tension. Osmolality and viscosity studies have shown that for HPβCD, solute–solvent interactions are the main contributors for the observed deviation from ideality. These deviations might be related to the presence of aggregates. The DLS method proved to be an effective method with which to detect HPβCD aggregates and estimate their hydrodynamic diameter, although it presented some limitations concerning their quantification. In terms of the assessed methods, permeation studies were shown to be the best to study HPβCD aggregation phenomena, since they were the only method where the detection of aggregates and the determination of apparent cac values was possible. Also, it was the least invasive for the HPβCD samples and the method that provided more conclusive data. Results suggested that HPβCD, as expected, has less tendency to form aggregates than βCD.

scholarly journals Development and validation of analytical methodology with focus on the qualification of powder mixers

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro de Freitas Fiorante ◽  
Rodrigo Dias Martins ◽  
Mauri Sergio Alves Palma
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Performance Qualification ◽  
The Stability

<p>This study aims at developing an analytical procedure capable of quantifying the ferric oxide present in the mixture of ferric oxide/lactose monohydrate (0.4% w/w). The analytical procedure was checked for specificity, linearity, precision (system repeatability, procedure repeatability and intermediate precision), accuracy, stability of solutions and robustness of the procedure. The concentration of Fe (III) was determined by spectrophotometry at 480 nm based on calibration curves. The specificity was verified. The linearity was obtained in the range of 11.2 to 16.8 µg of ferric oxide/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the system repeatability, procedure repeatability and intermediate precision, were not more than 2%. The RSD of the accuracy values were less than 0.75%. The stability of the samples was checked over a 24 hours assay. In the robustness evaluation, the wavelength and the concentration of hydrochloric acid varied. The maximum absorbance deviation due to wavelength variation was 0.14 percent, and the maximum deviation due to the hydrochloric acid concentration variation was 2.4%, indicating that the concentration of hydrochloric acid is critical to the analysis of ferric oxide. The procedure developed was validated and is suitable to the performance qualification of powder mixers.</p>

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