scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant and Extensively Drug Resistant Bacteria: A Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silpi Basak ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Monali Rajurkar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

Background and Objective. Antimicrobial resistance is now a major challenge to clinicians for treating patients. Hence, this short term study was undertaken to detect the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods. The clinical samples were cultured and bacterial strains were identified in the department of microbiology. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of different bacterial isolates was studied to detect MDR, XDR, and PDR bacteria.Results. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 1060 bacterial strains was studied. 393 (37.1%) bacterial strains were MDR, 146 (13.8%) strains were XDR, and no PDR was isolated. All (100%) Gram negative bacterial strains were sensitive to colistin whereas all (100%) Gram positive bacterial strains were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion. Close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR must be done by all clinical microbiology laboratories to implement effective measures to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals To Analyse the Resistance and Tolerance of several Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria:

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amartya Nandi ◽  
KANAV SHARMA ◽  
BHASKAR R. PURI ◽  
BHAVANA M. PURI
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World

Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious problem for physicians around the world when it comes to treating patients. As a result, short-term research was carried out by us to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates and to study the mechanism of escaping the antibiotics. Methods and Materials In the department of microbiology, clinical samples were grown and bacterial strains were discovered. To determine we have studied several strains of clinically established MDR bacteria and analyzed their genome sequences to get the answers to the tolerance and resistance of MDR bacteria.

scholarly journals Emergence of multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant community acquired uropathogens in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurjahan Begum ◽  
S. M. Shamsuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Because of indiscriminate, inadequate and irrational usage of antimicriobials, the sensitivity pattern of community acquired uropathogens is changing drastically, specifically in developing countries, such as Bangladesh. This study was undertaken to investigate the profile of common uropathogens in community settings and to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance profile in order to categorize them into multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR) and pandrug resistant (PDR) organisms.Total 800 urine samples were collected from symptomatic UTI cases and processed in the Department of Microbiology of DMC following standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Simultaneously, the percentage prevalence of MDR, XDR, and PDR isolates were also determined. Out of the 800 urine samples screened, 150 (18.75%) samples yielded significant growth. The most common bacterial isolate was Esch.coli (60%), followed by Klebsiella species (13.33%). A significantly high resistance was noted to the beta-lactam group of antimicrobials, fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazole, both by the gram-negative bacilli (GNB) as well as gram-positive cocci (GPC). However nitrofurantoinwas found to be most effective oral drug against both GNB and GPC. Out of total 150 bacterial strains studied, 106 (70.67%) bacterial strains were MDR, 21 (14%) strains were XDR, and no PDR was detected.So, close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR must be done by all clinical microbiology laboratories to implement effective measures to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2015; 9 (2): 7-12

scholarly journals Retrospective evaluation of intravenous fosfomycin in multi-drug resistant infections at a tertiary care hospital in Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (09) ◽  
pp. 1308-1313
Author(s):  
Tala Ballouz ◽  
Rony M Zeenny ◽  
Nisrine Haddad ◽  
Nesrine Rizk ◽  
Souha S Kanj
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Favorable Clinical Outcome

Introduction: Fosfomycin has re-emerged as a possible therapeutic alternative for the treatment of resistant bacterial pathogens. Its main mechanism of action is the inhibition of the initial step of cell wall synthesis and is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, its clinical effectiveness against multidrug resistant bacteria remains largely unknown. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effectiveness of intravenous fosfomycin as well as its safety in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Lebanon. Methodology: This is a retrospective chart review of adult patients who had presented to the hospital and were treated with intravenous fosfomycin for at least 24 hours for any type of infection between 2014 and 2019. Results: Among 31 episodes treated with intravenous fosfomycin, 68% had an overall favorable clinical response. In 84% of the episodes, fosfomycin was administered in combination with other antibiotics, commonly tigecycline. Of those with available cultures at end of therapy, 73% achieved microbiological success. No relapse was documented within 30 days of completion of therapy. In the episodes secondary to resistant pathogens, the rates of favorable clinical outcome and microbiological success at the end of therapy were 71% and 73%, respectively. Fosfomycin resistance developed in two cases and mild adverse events occurred in 65% of the episodes during the course of treatment. Conclusions: Fosfomycin is a safe and effective option in the treatment of multi-drug resistant infections. Nevertheless, careful stewardship is important to maintain its efficacy and to reduce the risk of selection of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Wastewater in Health Facilities of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Belayneh Regasa Dadi ◽  
Eyayu Girma ◽  
Mheret Tesfaye ◽  
Mohamed Seid
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background. Antimicrobials used for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections are mainly released nonmetabolized into the aquatic environment via wastewater. Sometimes, unused therapeutic drugs are released down the drains that could act as selective pressure for the development of resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological profile of wastewater in health facilities and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 to December 26, 2020, in health facility wastewater. A total of 128 samples were collected from health facilities for bacteriological analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Result. A total of 128 samples were processed, and 81 bacterial isolates were recovered. The most common bacterial isolates were S. aureus (16/81 (19.8%)) followed by Klebsiella spp. (15/81 (18.5%)), E. coli (13/81 (16%)), P. aeruginosa (10/81 (12.3%)), Enterobacter spp. (8/81 (9.9%)), Citrobacter spp. (7/81 (8.6%)), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5/81 (6.2%)), Salmonella spp. (5/81 (6.2%)), and Shigella spp. (2/81 (2.5%)). A majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin (62/81 (76.5%)). Only few isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (11/81 (13.6%)), chloramphenicol (13/81 (16%)), and kanamycin (8/54 (14.8%)). A majority of bacterial isolates (57/81 (70.4%)) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Conclusion. Wastewater from the health facilities contains antibiotic-resistant including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, health facility wastewater should be treated by appropriate wastewater treatment before being released into the environment.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequence data support repurposing antileprosy antibiotic as antituberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal SAAD ◽  
Jenny GALLOU ◽  
Nathalie BERIRU ◽  
Michel DRANCOURT ◽  
Sophie BARON
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Routine Method ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Variations

Background We implanted WGS as the routine method to profile the antibiotic susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates focusing on in silico resistance to antileprosy drugs that we recently proposed to reposition for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods We prospectively performed WGS of 112 M. tuberculosis isolates recovered from respiratory tract samples of 106 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis between 2017 and 2019 and defined their antibiotic susceptibility profile to 17 antibiotics including antileprotics drugs. Results We incidentally observed 08 sequence variations in 07 genes, specific to seven sublineages. Altogether, we observed 09 (8%) rifampicin-resistant, 05 (4.4%) multidrug-resistant and 02 (1.7%) extensively-drug resistant isolates; whereas only one isolate exhibited in silico resistance to clofazimine. Conclusion These results support repurposing of antileprosis antibiotics as antituberculosis; and offer new targets for genotyping M. tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance, Serologic and Molecular Characterization of E. coli Isolated from Calves with Severe or Fatal Enteritis in Bavaria, Germany

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Andrea Feuerstein ◽  
Nelly Scuda ◽  
Corinna Klose ◽  
Angelika Hoffmann ◽  
Alexander Melchner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Worldwide, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause neonatal diarrhea and high mortality rates in newborn calves, leading to great economic losses. In Bavaria, Germany, no recent facts are available regarding the prevalence of virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance of ETEC in calves. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 8713 E. coli isolates obtained from 7358 samples of diseased or deceased diarrheic calves were investigated between 2015 to 2019. Considerably high rates of 84.2% multidrug-resistant and 15.8% extensively drug-resistant isolates were detected. The resistance situation of the first, second and third line antimicrobials for the treatment, here amoxicillin-clavulanate, enrofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, is currently acceptable with mean non-susceptibility rates of 28.1%, 37.9% and 50.0% over the investigated 5-year period. Furthermore, the ETEC serotypes O101:K28, O9:K35, O101:K30, O101:K32, O78:K80, O139:K82, O8:K87, O141:K85 and O147:K89, as well as the virulence factors F17, F41, F5, ST-I and stx1 were identified in a subset of samples collected in 2019 and 2020. The substantially high rates of multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolates underline the necessity of continuous monitoring regarding antimicrobial resistance to provide reliable prognoses and adjust recommendations for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals.

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