scholarly journals Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction in the Analysis of Milk and Dairy Products: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Quigley ◽  
Wayne Cummins ◽  
Damian Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Aqueous Sample ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Very High

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is an extraction technique developed within the last decade, which involves the dispersion of fine droplets of extraction solvent in an aqueous sample. Partitioning of analytes into the extraction phase is instantaneous due to the very high collective surface area of the droplets. This leads to very high enrichment factors and very low solvent consumption, relative to other liquid or solid phase extraction methods. A comprehensive review of the various modes of DLLME in the analysis of organic and inorganic analytes in dairy products (milk, cheese, infant formula, yogurt, and breast milk) is presented here. Dairy products present a complex sample matrix and the removal of interfering matrix components can prove troublesome. This review focuses on sample pretreatment prior to the appropriate DLLME procedure, the extraction and dispersive solvents chosen, derivatisation methods, and analytical figures of merit. Where possible, a critical comparison of DLLME methods has been undertaken. The overall suitability, and limitations, of DLLME as a sample preparation technique for dairy products has been assessed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Extraction Procedures, SPE and DLLME, for Determining Plasticizer Residues in Hot Drinks at Vending Machines

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Ivan Notardonato ◽  
Sergio Passarella ◽  
Alessia Iannone ◽  
Cristina Di Fiore ◽  
Mario Vincenzo Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

This paper would like to compare two extraction procedures for analyzing phthalates (PAEs) in hot drinks collected at vending machines, usually coffee and tea. The two analytical procedures are based on Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) using C18 cartridge and on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) assisted by ultrasound and vortex for improving the dispersion mechanically, with each followed by a routinary analytical method such as GC-FID. Seven phthalates (DMP, DEP, DiBP, DBP, DEHP, DOP, DDP) have been analyzed and determined. All the analytical parameters (i.e., recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantification, enrichment factors, repeatability, reproducibility) have been investigated and discussed, as has the matrix effect. The entire procedure has been applied to hot drink matrices, e.g., coffee, decaffeinated coffee, barley coffee, ginseng coffee and tea.

scholarly journals Hollow-Fibre-Supported Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Atrazine and Triclosan in Aqueous Samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thabiso Letseka ◽  
Mosotho J. George
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Aqueous Sample ◽  
Liquid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Microextraction Techniques ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

We report the application of the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to hollow-fibre membrane-assisted liquid-phase microextraction and its application for extraction of atrazine and triclosan. Under optimum conditions, namely, 25 μL of a 1 : 4 chlorobenzene : ethyl acetate mixture dispersed in 1 mL of aqueous sample, 10% (m/v) NaCl, a magnetic stirrer speed at 600 rpm, and 10 minutes’ extraction time with toluene-filled fibre as the acceptor phase, the method demonstrates sufficient figures of merit. These include linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9975), intravial precision (%RSD ≤ 7.6), enrichment factors (127 and 142), limits of detection (0.0081 and 0.0169 µg/mL), and recovery from river water and sewerage (96–101%). The relatively high detection limits are attributed to the flame ionization detector which is less preferred than a mass spectrometer in trace analyses. This is the first report of a homogenous mixture of the dispersed organic solvent in aqueous solutions and its employment in extraction of organic compounds from aqueous solutions. It therefore adds yet another candidate in the pool of miniaturised solvent microextraction techniques.

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