scholarly journals Hepatoepigenetic Alterations in Viral and Nonviral-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mankgopo M. Kgatle ◽  
Mashiko Setshedi ◽  
Henry N. Hairwadzi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Tumour Initiation

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of tumour-related deaths worldwide. Extensive evidence endorses that HCC is a multifactorial disease characterised by hepatic cirrhosis mostly associated with chronic inflammation and hepatitis B/C viral infections. Interaction of viral products with the host cell machinery may lead to increased frequency of genetic and epigenetic aberrations that cause harmful alterations in gene transcription. This may provide a progressive selective advantage for neoplastic transformation of hepatocytes associated with phenotypic heterogeneity of intratumour HCC cells, thus posing even more challenges in HCC treatment development. Epigenetic aberrations involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding miRNA dysregulation have been shown to be intimately linked with and play a critical role in tumour initiation, progression, and metastases. The current review focuses on the aberrant hepatoepigenetics events that play important roles in hepatocarcinogenesis and their utilities in the development of HCC therapy.

scholarly journals Profiling of LINE-1-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Honda ◽  
Md. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Restriction Factors ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Liver Malignancies ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Long Interspersed Element ◽  
Activation Status

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prime public health concern that accounts for most of the primary liver malignancies in humans. The most common etiological factor of HCC is hepatitis B virus (HBV). Despite recent advances in treatment strategies, there has been little success in improving the survival of HCC patients. To develop a novel therapeutic approach, evaluation of a working hypothesis based on different viewpoints might be important. Long interspersed element 1 (L1) retrotransposons have been suggested to play a role in HCC. However, the molecular machineries that can modulate L1 biology in HBV-related HCC have not been well-evaluated. Here, we summarize the profiles of expression and/or activation status of L1-related genes in HBV-related HCC, and HBV- and HCC-related genes that may impact L1-mediated tumorigenesis. L1 restriction factors appear to be suppressed by HBV infection. Since some of the L1 restriction factors also limit HBV, these factors may be exhausted in HBV-infected cells, which causes de-suppression of L1. Several HBV- and HCC-related genes that interact with L1 can affect oncogenic processes. Thus, L1 may be a novel prime therapeutic target for HBV-related HCC. Studies in this area will provide insights into HCC and other types of cancers.

scholarly journals Chikungunya-Dengue Co-Infection: Reports of Two Cases from Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Shahana Zaman ◽  
Khwaja Nazim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern

Chikungunya and dengue are the two most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infections of global public health concern. Dengue is endemic in Bangladesh and here chikungunya is anemerging infection. Because of the spacio-temporal relationship between chikungunya virus and dengue virus, their co-existence and concurrent outbreaks are not unlikely. Here, we report two cases of chikungunya-dengue co-infections occurring among young Bangladeshi patients. Such co-infectionsneed special attention because pain management of chikungunyamay have adverse implications on patients with concurrent dengue infection. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(2): 86-88

scholarly journals Gambling as a public health issue: The critical role of the local environment

2009 ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Gambling Activity ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Contextual Environment

This paper discusses gambling as a public health concern and outlines why local circumstances are central to such concerns. Using the framework of compositional and contextual factors to frame discussions, it is argued that the local circumstances of individuals and communities are critical to whether gambling activity is problematic. Unlike other similar public health issues for which there are clear parameters defining what is a problem and how severe the problem is, it is argued here that gambling-related problems are determined almost entirely by the circumstances in which the activity is occurring. As such, strategies designed to prevent or minimise gambling-related problems should target the local contextual environment and not just focus on the gamblers themselves, as has tended to occur to date.

scholarly journals Current Arboviral Threats and Their Potential Vectors in Thailand

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Chadchalerm Raksakoon ◽  
Rutcharin Potiwat
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Duck Tembusu Virus ◽  
Target Control ◽  
The World

Arthropod-borne viral diseases (arboviruses) are a public-health concern in many regions of the world, including Thailand. This review describes the potential vectors and important human and/or veterinary arboviruses in Thailand. The medically important arboviruses affect humans, while veterinary arboviruses affect livestock and the economy. The main vectors described are mosquitoes, but other arthropods have been reported. Important mosquito-borne arboviruses are transmitted mainly by members of the genus Aedes (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus) and Culex (e.g., Japanese encephalitis, Tembusu and West Nile virus). While mosquitoes are important vectors, arboviruses are transmitted via other vectors, such as sand flies, ticks, cimicids (Family Cimicidae) and Culicoides. Veterinary arboviruses are reported in this review, e.g., duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV), and African horse sickness virus (AHSV). During arbovirus outbreaks, to target control interventions appropriately, it is critical to identify the vector(s) involved and their ecology. Knowledge of the prevalence of these viruses, and the potential for viral infections to co-circulate in mosquitoes, is also important for outbreak prediction.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Reframing Fatness: Critiquing ‘Obesity’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Evans ◽  
Charlotte Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Policy Language ◽  
Religious Imagery ◽  
Fat Bodies

Over the last twenty years or so, fatness, pathologised as overweight and obesity, has been a core public health concern around which has grown a lucrative international weight loss industry. Referred to as a ‘time bomb’ and ‘the terror within’, analogies of ‘war’ circulate around obesity, framing fatness as enemy.2 Religious imagery and cultural and moral ideologies inform medical, popular and policy language with the ‘sins’ of ‘gluttony’ and ‘sloth’, evoked to frame fat people as immoral at worst and unknowledgeable victims at best, and understandings of fatness intersect with gender, class, age, sexuality, disability and race to make some fat bodies more problematically fat than others. As Evans and Colls argue, drawing on Michel Foucault, a combination of medical and moral knowledges produces the powerful ‘obesity truths’ through which fatness is framed as universally abject and pathological. Dominant and medicalised discourses of fatness (as obesity) leave little room for alternative understandings.

European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption: the ESAC programme

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Major Public Health Concern

Resistance to antimicrobials has become a major public health concern, and it has been shown that there is a relationship, albeit complex, between antimicrobial resistance and consumption

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