scholarly journals Effect of the Lipoxygenase Inhibitor Baicalein on Muscles in Ovariectomized Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Saul ◽  
J. H. Kling ◽  
R. L. Kosinsky ◽  
D. B. Hoffmann ◽  
M. Komrakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass accompanying osteoporosis, leads to falls and fall-related injuries. Baicalein, as a phytochemical agent, has an antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect in muscle. In this study, sixty-one female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: four groups were ovariectomized (OVX) and one control group was nonovariectomized (NON-OVX). Eight weeks after ovariectomy, three disparate concentrations (1 mg/kg body weight (BW), 10 mg/kg BW, and 100 mg/kg BW) of baicalein were applied subcutaneously daily in three OVX groups. Mm. soleus, gastrocnemius, and longissimus were extracted; their diameter, area, relation to body, and muscle weights as well as number of capillaries per fibre were recorded. In Mm. soleus and gastrocnemius, the baicalein effect (increasing number of capillaries per fibre) was proportional to the dose applied. The fibre diameters and area under baicalein treatment were significantly greater compared to OVX and NON-OVX groups. In M. longissimus, we observed a shift to type IIa fibres. Serum creatine kinase levels were significantly lower in highest baicalein concentration group. We conclude that baicalein can stimulate angiogenesis, though not fibre type-specific, in skeletal muscle and reduce the estrogen-related loss of fibre diameter and area in the skeletal muscle in rats. Therefore, a protective effect of baicalein on muscle cells can be assumed.

Effect of ovarian hormones on mitochondrial enzyme activity in the fat oxidation pathway of skeletal muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (4) ◽  
pp. E803-E808 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Campbell ◽  
M. A. Febbraio
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Muscle Enzyme ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Oxidative Pathway ◽  
17Β Estradiol

To examine the roles of 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (Prog) in lipid metabolism, skeletal muscle enzyme activities were studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups included sham-operated rats (C) and ovariectomized rats treated with placebo (O), E2 (E), Prog (P), both hormones at physiological doses (P + E), or both hormones with a high dose of E2 (P + HiE). Hormone (or vehicle only) delivery was via time-release pellets inserted at the time of surgery, 15 days before metabolic testing. Results demonstrated that carnitine palmitoyltransferase maximal activity was 19, 21, and 19% lower ( P < 0.01) in O, P, and P + E rats, respectively, compared with C rats. Conversely, activity in E and P + HiE rats was 14 and 19% higher ( P < 0.01) than in C. β-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) maximal activity was 20% lower ( P < 0.01) in O than in C rats; similarly, P and P + E rats were 18 and 19% lower, respectively ( P < 0.01); however, treatment with E2returned β-HAD activity to C levels. These results suggest that E2 plays a role in lipid metabolism by increasing the maximal activity of key enzymes in the fat oxidative pathway of skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ON SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohini Karunakaran ◽  
Ndanusa Abdullahi Hassan ◽  
Uma Sankar A ◽  
Khin Mar Aye
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale on carrageenan-induced inflammation on SpragueDawley (SD) rats.Methods: SD rats were divided into six of five groups and allowed to acclimatize for 1 week. Inflammation was induced on the animal by injecting theright hand paw with carrageenan (0.1 ml of 1%). Group 1 was given normal saline and served as a control. Group 2 was fed with food and water andserved as the carrageenan control. Group 3 was given 200 mg/kg aqueous extract of ginger, Group 4 with 400 mg/kg aqueous extract of ginger, andGroup 5 with 150 mg/kg diclofenac sodium (reference drug for inflammation).Results: The paw edema in carrageenan-induced SD rats was considerably reduced by treating with 400 mg/kg aqueous ginger extracts whencompared to the untreated SD rats (p<0.001).Conclusion: This study indicates that aqueous extract of Z. officinale possesses anti-inflammatory properties.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Sprague Dawley rats, Zingiber officinale, Carrageenan, Edema

scholarly journals The Analgesic Efficacy of Intra-Articular Acetaminophen in an Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Arthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. e63-e67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Arun ◽  
Ozgur Canbay ◽  
Nalan Celebi ◽  
Altan Sahin ◽  
Ali Konan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Mobility ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Spinal Segments ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Rat Paw ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen is one of the most common drugs used for the treatment of pain and fever.OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of intra-articular (IA) acetaminophen on carrageenan-induced arthritic pain-related behaviour and spinal c-Fos expression in rats.METHODS: The present study was performed using 20 Sprague Dawley rats. Forty microlitres of IA 0.9% NaCl was injected in the control group, and 40 μL of IA carrageenan was injected in the carrageenan group. One hour after carrageenan injection, 400 μg of IA acetaminophen was injected in the IA acetaminophen group, and 400 μg of intraperitoneal (IP) acet-aminophen was injected in the IP acetaminophen group. One day before injection, and 4 h and 8 h after injection, diameters of both knee joints, motility of the rat, paw loading and joint mobility were assessed. After the rats were euthanized, L3 and L4 spinal segments were excised for c-Fos assessment.RESULTS: IA acetaminophen decreased both the severity and distribution of c-Fos expression. IP acetaminophen decreased only the distribution of c-Fos expression. IA acetaminophen decreased knee diameter at 8 h. IA and IP acetaminophen increased rat motility and paw loading scores. Joint mobility scores of IP acetaminophen were similar to saline at 8 h.CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study indicate an analgesic and/or possible anti-inflammatory effect of IA acetaminophen and provide further evidence on the efficacy of systemic acetaminophen injection in reducing arthritic pain.

The mechanical behavior of activated skeletal muscle during stretch: effects of muscle unloading and MyHC isoform shifts

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1150-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Caiozzo ◽  
Heather Richmond ◽  
Serge Kaska ◽  
Dahlia Valeroso
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 2

The response of activated skeletal muscle to a ramp stretch is complex. Force rises rapidly above the isometric plateau during the initial phase of stretch. However, after a strain of ∼1–2%, force yields and continues to rise but with a slower slope. The resistance to stretch during the initial phase can be characterized by the stiffness of the muscle and/or the preyield modulus ( Epre). Similarly, a measure of modulus also can be used to characterize the postyield modulus response ( Epost). This study examined the effects of muscle atrophy and altered myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform composition on both Epre and Epost. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 1) control group, 2) a hypothyroid group, 3) a hyperthyroid group, 4) a hindlimb suspension group, and 5) a hindlimb suspension + hyperthyroid group. These interventions were used either to alter the MyHC isoform composition of the muscle or to induce atrophy. Soleus muscles were stretched at strain rates that ranged from ∼0.15 to 1.25 muscle length/s. The findings of this study demonstrate that 4 wk of hindlimb suspension can produce a large (i.e., 40–60%) reduction in Epre. Hindlimb suspension did not produce a proportional change in Epost. Analyses of the Epre-strain rate relationship demonstrated that there was little dependence on MyHC isoform composition. In summary, the disproportionate decrease in Epre of atrophied muscle has important implications with respect to issues related to joint stability, especially under dynamic conditions and conditions where the static joint stabilizers (i.e., ligaments) have been compromised by injury.

scholarly journals Prolonged feeding of difructose anhydride III increases strength and mineral concentrations of the femur in ovariectomized rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rieko Mitamura ◽  
Hiroshi Hara
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

This study demonstrates that feeding difructose anhydride III (DFAIII) improves bone strength and femoral mineral concentrations in a rat model of oestrogen deficiency. We showed the relationship between Ca, Mg and P absorption and bone characteristics in rats. Two groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) underwent bilateral ovariectomy (ovariectomized rats, OVX rats) or bilateral laparotomy (sham rats). At 10 weeks old, OVX and sham rats were divided into three subgroups and fed a control, 1·5 % DFAIII or 3 % DFAIII diet for 8 weeks, respectively. Ca but not Mg absorption rates were lowered by ovariectomy; however, ingestion of the 1·5 % and 3 % DFAIII diets similarly restored the reduced Ca absorption in OVX rats at 4 and 8 weeks after feeding of the test diets. DFAIII increased Mg absorption dose-dependently in sham and OVX rats. The bone strength, femoral Ca and Mg concentrations, and distal bone mineral density in the 3 % DFAIII group were higher than those in the control group in OVX rats. The absorption rates of Ca and Mg were significantly correlated with femoral Ca and Mg concentrations and strength, which suggests that increasing both Ca and Mg absorption improves bone characteristics in OVX rats. There were no differences in any of the variables in the femur between the 1·5 % and 3 % DFAIII groups in OVX rats. In conclusion, feeding of a low dose of DFAIII increased intestinal Ca and Mg absorption, and the promotive effect of DFAIII persisted for over 8 weeks. This effect was associated with prevention of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia.

Isoenzyme distribution of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and skeletal muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, collagen disease, and other muscular disorders.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1985-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
W G Yasmineh ◽  
G A Ibrahim ◽  
M Abbasnezhad ◽  
E A Awad
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Collagen Disease ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We determined the total activity and isoenzyme distribution of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in serum and biopsy specimens from skeletal muscle of nine normal individuals and nine patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (I), five with collagen disease (II), and four with non-progressive unclassified myopathy (III). Mean total serum creatine kinase in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (867 U/liter, SD = 197) was 31-fold that in the control group (28 U/liter, SD = 14). There was also a small (3.3-fold) increase in the mean total serum creatine kinase of patients with III, but none in the serum from patients with II. Changes in the creatine kinase isoenzyme distribution of skeletal muscle were primarily in the MB isoenzyme. The mean percentage of creatine kinase-MB activity in muscle from patients with I (2.81, SD = 1.15) and patients with III (1.69, SD = 1.07) significantly (P less than 0.005) exceeded that of the control group (0.43, SD = 0.18). Muscle from patients with II showed little change. The most striking changes in lactate dehydrogenase were also observed in patients with I, in whom the mean total serum activity (356 U/liter, SD = 115) was 3.4-fold that of serum from the control group (105 U/liter, SD = 19). Skeletal muscle from these patients also showed a significant decrease in mean percent isoenzyme 5 activity (from 50 to 23) and an increase in that of isoenzymes 1 and 2 (from 1 to 9 and 8 to 20, respectively). These changes in the distribution of these two sets of isoenzymes in muscle were reflected in the serum.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Responses to Endurance and Resistance Training in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1645
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Liu ◽  
Xiong Xue ◽  
Junsheng Tian ◽  
Xuemei Qin ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The objectives of this study were to compare the antidepressant effects between endurance and resistance exercise for optimizing interventions and examine the metabolomic changes in different types of skeletal muscles in response to the exercise, using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. There were 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into a control group (C) and 3 experimental groups: CUMS control (D), endurance exercise (E), and resistance exercise (R). Group E underwent 30 min treadmill running, and group R performed 8 rounds of ladder climbing, 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were performed pre and post the intervention period for changes in depressant symptoms, and the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled after the intervention for metabolomic analysis using the 1H-NMR technique. The results showed that both types of exercise effectively improved the depression-like symptoms, and the endurance exercise appeared to have a better effect. The levels of 10 metabolites from the gastrocnemius and 13 metabolites from the soleus of group D were found to be significantly different from that of group C, and both types of exercise had a callback effect on these metabolites, indicating that a number of metabolic pathways were involved in the depression and responded to the exercise interventions.

Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A El-Bakary ◽  
Sahar A El-Dakrory ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Nawal A Hasanein ◽  
Hala A Malek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. The therapy for methanol poisoning is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors to prevent formate accumulation. Ranitidine has been considered to be an inhibitor of both gastric alcohol and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. This study aimed at testing ranitidine as an antidote for methanol acute toxicity and comparing it with ethanol and 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP). This study was conducted on 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group (one negative control group [C1], two positive control groups [C2, C3] and three test groups [1, 2 and 3]). C2, C3 and all test groups were exposed to nitrous oxide by inhalation, then, C3 group was given methanol (3 g/kg orally). The three test groups 1, 2 and 3 were given ethanol (0.5 g/kg orally), 4-MP (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and ranitidine (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 4 hours after giving methanol. Rats were sacrificed and heparinized, cardiac blood samples were collected for blood pH and bicarbonate. Non-heparinized blood samples were collected for formate levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Eye balls were enucleated for histological examination of the retina. Ranitidine corrected metabolic acidosis (p = .025), decreased formate levels (p = .014) and improved the histological findings in the retina induced by acute methanol toxicity.

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation by Aldosterone or Corticosterone Induces Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction and Proteinuria

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 723-723
Author(s):  
Qing-Feng Tao ◽  
Diego Martinez vasquez ◽  
Ricardo Rocha ◽  
Gordon H Williams ◽  
Gail K Adler
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

P165 Aldosterone through its interaction with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays a critical role in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular injury (CVI). Normally, MR is protected by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) which inactivates glucocorticoids preventing their binding to MR. We hypothesis that if activation of MR by either aldosterone or glucocorticoids induces hypertension and CVI, then the inhibition of 11β-HSD with glycyrrhizin (GA), a natural inhibitor of 11β-HSD, should induce damage similar to that observed with aldosterone. Sprague-Dawley rats were uninephrectomized, and treated for 4 weeks with 1% NaCl (in drinking water) for the control group, 1% NaCl + aldosterone infusion (0.75 μg/h), or 1% NaCl + GA (3.5 g/l in drinking water). After 4 weeks, aldosterone and GA caused significant increases in blood pressure compared to control rats ([mean ± SEM] 211± 9, 205 ± 12, 120 ± 9 mmHg, respectively, p<0.001). Both aldosterone- and GA-treated rats had a significant increase in proteinuria (152.2 ± 8.7 and 107.7 ± 19.5 mg/d, respectively) versus controls (51.2 ± 9.5 mg/d). There was a significant increase (p<0.001) in heart to body weight ratio in the rats treated with aldosterone or GA compared with control (3.92 ± 0.10, 3.98 ± 0.88, and 3.24 ± 0.92 mg/g, respectively). Hearts of GA and aldosterone treated rats showed similar histological changes consisting of biventricular myocardial necrosis and fibrinoid necrosis of small coronary arteries and arterioles. These data suggests that in rodents activation of MR by either aldosterone or corticosterone leads to severe hypertension, vascular injury, proteinuria and myocardial infarction. Thus, 11β-HSD plays an important role in protecting the organism from injury.

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