scholarly journals Multiple Circulating Cytokines Are Coelevated in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthooran Selvarajah ◽  
Ian Todd ◽  
Patrick J. Tighe ◽  
Michelle John ◽  
Charlotte E. Bolton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Insidious Development ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Systemic Pathology ◽  
Circulating Cytokines

Inflammatory biomarkers, including cytokines, are associated with COPD, but the association of particular circulating cytokines with systemic pathology remains equivocal. To investigate this, we developed a protein microarray system to detect multiple cytokines in small volumes of serum. Fourteen cytokines were measured in serum from never-smokers, ex-smokers, current smokers, and COPD patients (GOLD stages 1–3). Certain individual circulating cytokines (particularly TNFαand IL-1β) were significantly elevated in concentration in the serum of particular COPD patients (and some current/ex-smokers without COPD) and may serve as markers of particularly significant systemic inflammation. However, numerous circulating cytokines were raised such that their combined, but not individual, elevation was significantly associated with severity of disease, and these may be further indicators of, and contributors to, the systemic inflammatory manifestations of COPD. The coelevation of numerous circulating cytokines in COPD is consistent with the insidious development, chronic nature, and systemic comorbidities of the disease.

scholarly journals Study of red cell distribution width levels and its correlation with severity of disease in patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashidhar Ramappa ◽  
Aishhwarrya Umeshchandra G. ◽  
Sheshan V. ◽  
Manigandan .
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Red Cell Distribution Width ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Copd Patients

Background:COPD has been accepted as component of systemic inflammatory syndrome. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of coefficient of variation of mean corpuscular volume which increases in chronic systemic inflammation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the RDW as a predictor of severity of COPD using BODE index.Methods:In this cross-sectional study 107 COPD patients were evaluated by measuring RDW and this was correlated with the severity of disease using GOLD staging.Results:RDW correlates well with COPD patients. Significant correlation of RDW with BODE index (r=0.650, p and It; 0.001), gold staging (r=0.459, p and It; 0.001), 6MWT (r=0.697, p and It; 0.001) were observed.Conclusions: RDW was found to increase in patients with increasing severity of COPD. Hence its potential role as a marker of severity of disease and in predicting risk of cardiovascular disease can be explored.

scholarly journals Single-cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals an Anomalous Epithelial Variation and Ectopic Inflammatory Response in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoaki Watanabe ◽  
Jun Nakayama ◽  
Yu Fujita ◽  
Yutaro Mori ◽  
Tsukasa Kadota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Single Cell Transcriptome

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease that obstructs the airflow from the lungs, and tobacco smoking is the major cause of COPD. Here, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze COPD pathogenesis in COPD patients, non-COPD smokers and never-smokers and investigated the disease progression at single-cell resolution. By single-cell transcriptome analysis, COPD was characterized by shifts in the stromal, immune system and epithelial cell compositions. While epithelial components in never-smokers were relatively uniform, the smoker groups presented with extensive heterogeneity in epithelial cells, particularly in the alveolar type II (AT2) lineages. We identified a subpopulation of AT2 epithelial cells that emerged in smokers, such as COPD patients, and specifically expressed a series of chemokines and PD-L1. A trajectory analysis revealed that the inflammatory AT2 cell subpopulation followed a unique differentiation path, and a prediction model of cell-to-cell interactions inferred increased intercellular networks of inflammatory AT2 cells with immune and stromal cell populations. Thus, our analysis reveals a unique cellular differentiation pathway and function underlying the biological and clinical characteristics of COPD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals ACE-2 Expression in the Small Airway Epithelia of Smokers and COPD Patients: Implications for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Leung ◽  
Chen X. Yang ◽  
Anthony Tam ◽  
Tawimas Shaipanich ◽  
Tillie-Louise Hackett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Airways ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus uses the angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE-2) as the cellular entry receptor to infect the lower respiratory tract. Because individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of severe COVID-19, we determined whether ACE-2 expression in the lower airways was related to COPD and cigarette smoking.MethodsUsing RNA-seq, we determined gene expression levels in bronchial epithelia obtained from cytologic brushings of 6th to 8th generation airways in individuals with and without COPD. We eternally validated these results from two additional independent cohorts, which used microarray technologies to measure gene expression levels from 6th to 12th generation airways.ResultsIn the discovery cohort (n=42 participants), we found that ACE-2 expression levels were increased by 48% in the airways of COPD compared with non-COPD subjects (COPD=2.52±0.66 log2 counts per million reads (CPM) versus non-COPD= 1.70±0.51 CPM, p=7.62×10−4). There was a significant inverse relationship between ACE-2 gene expression and FEV1% of predicted (r=-0.24; p=0.035). Current smoking also significantly increased ACE-2 expression levels compared with never smokers (never current smokers=2.77±0.91 CPM versus smokers=1.78±0.39 CPM, p=0.024). These findings were replicated in the two eternal cohorts.ConclusionsACE-2 expression in lower airways is increased in patients with COPD and with current smoking. These data suggest that these two subgroups are at increased risk of serious COVID-19 infection and highlight the importance of smoking cessation in reducing the risk.

scholarly journals The inflammasome pathway in stable COPD and acute exacerbations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 00002-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Faner ◽  
Patricia Sobradillo ◽  
Aina Noguera ◽  
Cristina Gomez ◽  
Tamara Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Never Smokers

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by pulmonary and systemic inflammation that bursts during exacerbations of the disease (ECOPD). The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key regulatory molecule of the inflammatory response. Its role in COPD is unclear.We investigated the NLRP3 inflammasome status in: 1) lung tissue samples from 38 patients with stable COPD, 15 smokers with normal spirometry and 14 never-smokers; and 2) sputum and plasma samples from 56 ECOPD patients, of whom 41 could be reassessed at clinical recovery.We observed that: 1) in lung tissue samples of stable COPD patients, NLRP3 and interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA were upregulated, but both caspase-1 and ASC were mostly in inactive form, and 2) during infectious ECOPD, caspase-1, oligomeric ASC and associated cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18) were significantly increased in sputum compared with clinical recovery.The NLRP3 inflammasome is primed, but not activated, in the lungs of clinically stable COPD patients. Inflammasome activation occurs during infectious ECOPD. The results of this study suggest that the inflammasome participates in the inflammatory burst of infectious ECOPD.

scholarly journals Quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT to assess pulmonary inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 00699-2020
Author(s):  
Laurence Vass ◽  
Marie Fisk ◽  
Joseph Cheriyan ◽  
Divya Mohan ◽  
Julia Forman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

AtionaleChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking are characterised by pulmonary inflammation. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) imaging may improve knowledge of pulmonary inflammation in COPD patients and aid early development of novel therapies as an imaging biomarker.ObjectivesTo evaluate pulmonary inflammation, assessed by FDG uptake in whole and regional lung in ‘usual’ (smoking-related)-COPD patients, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (α1ATD)-COPD patients, smokers without COPD and never smokers using FDG PET/CT. Secondly, to explore cross-sectional associations between FDG PET/CT and systemic inflammatory markers in COPD patients and repeatability of the technique in COPD patients.MethodsData from two imaging studies were evaluated. Pulmonary FDG uptake was measured by Patlak graphical analysis in four subject groups: 84 COPD, 11 α1ATD-COPD patients, 12 smokers and 10 never-smokers. Within the COPD group, associations between nKi and systemic markers of inflammation were assessed. Repeatability was evaluated in 32 COPD patients comparing nKi values at baseline and 4-months follow up.ResultsCOPD, α1ATD patients and smokers had increased whole lung FDG uptake (nKi) compared to never-smokers (0.0037±0.001, 0.0040±0.001, 0.0040±0.001 versus 0.0028±0.001 ml·cm−3/min−1 respectively, p<0.05 for all). Similar results were observed in upper and middle lung regions. In COPD participants, plasma fibrinogen was associated with whole lung nKi, (β=0.30, p=0.02) in multivariate analysis adjusted for current smoking, forced expiratory lung volume in 1 s % predicted, systemic neutrophils and C reactive protein levels. Mean percentage difference in nKi between the baseline and follow-up was 3.2%; and the within subject coefficient of variability was 7.7%.ConclusionsFDG PET/CT has potential as a non-invasive tool to enable whole lung and regional quantification of FDG to assess smoking and COPD-related pulmonary inflammation.

scholarly journals Impact of smoking, COPD and comorbidities on the mortality of COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Lacedonia ◽  
Giulia Scioscia ◽  
Carla Santomasi ◽  
Paolo Fuso ◽  
Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe prognosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is variable and depends on several factors. Current data about the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking on the clinical course of COVID-19 are still controversial. This study evaluated the prevalence and the prognosis of COPD patients and smokers in a cohort of 521 patients admitted to four intermediate Respiratory Intensive Care Units (Puglia, Italy) with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia. The prevalence of COPD and current smokers was 14% and 13%, respectively. COPD patients had a higher 30-day all-cause mortality than non-COPD patients. Former smokers compared to never smokers and current smokers had higher 30-day all-cause mortality. COPD patients and former smokers had more comorbidities. This study described the prevalence and the outcomes of COPD patients and smokers in a homogenous cohort of COVID-19 patients. The study showed that the prevalence of COPD and current smokers was not high, suggesting that they were not at increased risk of getting the infection. However, when SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred, COPD patients and former smokers were those with the highest all-cause mortality, which seemed to be mainly related to the presence of comorbidities and not to COPD and smoking itself.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

ROLE OF PHARMACIST INTERVENTION ON COPD PATIENTS OF SELECTED AREAS IN CHITRADURGA: A KAP STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin K Mathews ◽  
Abubaker Siddiq ◽  
Bharathi D R
Keyword(s):  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Pharmacist Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Knowledge Practice ◽  
And Control

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is preventable and treatable disease state characterized by air flow limitation that is not fully reversible. Severity of the symptoms is increased during exacerbations. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to assess and improve the knowledge regarding COPD among study subjects. Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional interventional study was carried out among the peoples in selected areas of the Chitradurga city for a period of six months. Result: A total 207 subjects enrolled in the study in that 155 male and 52 females. In our study mean score of post test was more (5.87±1.68) when compare to pre-test (2.63±1.46) which show significant increase in their knowledge after educating them (p=0.000). A total of 207 subjects were enrolled into the study. SPSS Software was used to calculate the statistical estimation. Paired t-test was used to detect the association status of different variables. Conclusion: The relatively good level of COPD awareness needs to be maintained to facilitate future prevention and control of the disease. This study had identified that negative illness perceptions should be targeted, so that they will not avoid patients from seeking for COPD treatment and adhere to it. Key words: Cross sectional study, Knowledge, practice, COPD.

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