scholarly journals Construction of Spectral Discoloration Model for Red Lead Pigment by Aging Test and Simulating Degradation Experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxing Liang ◽  
Xiaoxia Wan ◽  
Chan Li ◽  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Lead Dioxide ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Digital Restoration ◽  
Red Lead

The construction of spectral discoloration model, based on aging test and simulating degradation experiment, was proposed to detect the aging degree of red lead pigment in ancient murals and to reproduce the spectral data supporting digital restoration of the ancient murals. The degradation process of red lead pigment under the aging test conditions was revealed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and spectrophotometer. The simulating degradation experiment was carried out by proportionally mixing red lead and lead dioxide with referring to the results of aging test. The experimental result indicated that the pure red lead was gradually turned into black lead dioxide, and the amount of tiny particles of the aging sample increased faced with aging process. Both the chroma and lightness of red lead pigment decreased with discoloration, and its hue essentially remains unchanged. In addition, the spectral reflectance curves of the aging samples almost started rising at about 550 nm with the inflection moving slightly from about 570 nm to 550 nm. The spectral reflectance of samples in long- and in short-wavelength regions was fitted well with the logarithmic and linear function. The spectral discoloration model was established, and the real aging red lead pigment in Dunhuang murals was measured and verified the effectiveness of the model.

Preparation and Application of Lead Dioxide Electrode for Zinc Electrolysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 1125-1129
Author(s):  
Xiao Yong Yang ◽  
Pei Xian Zhu ◽  
Yun Sen Si
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Lead Dioxide ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zinc Smelter ◽  
Lead Dioxide Electrode

According to the process of anodic oxygen evolution in sulfate system for zinc electrolysis,Ti-base lead dioxide electrode can be prepared to use in this case.The surface characterization of the electrode was studied by Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrode lifetime was tested in 1mol/L H2SO4solution at 60°C,and the electro-catalytic properties was examined by polarization curves.Then these samples was enlarged and simulation test was conducted at Mengzi marriage zinc smelter in Yunnan.The results show that the electro-catalytic properties is better and the electrodes lifetime is longer compared to the traditional lead electrode.Moreover,it has a significant effect in reducing energy consumption, manufacturing cost and improving the production and grade of zinc.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Evaluation of Manganese (III) Phthalocyanine Sensitized ZnWO4 (ZnWO4MnPc) for Bisphenol A Degradation under UV Irradiation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuka Bethel Anucha ◽  
Ilknur Altin ◽  
Zekeriya Biyiklioglu ◽  
Emin Bacaksiz ◽  
Ismail Polat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

ZnWO4MnPc was synthesized via a hydrothermal autoclave method with 1 wt.% manganese (iii) phthalocyanine content. The material was characterized for its structural and morphological features via X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission emission microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), N2 adsorption–desorption at 77K, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-visible/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-vis/DRS). ZnWO4MnPc photocatalytic performance was tested on the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The ZnWO4MnPc material removed 60% of BPA after 4 h of 365 nm UV irradiation. Degradation process improved significantly to about 80% removal in the presence of added 5 mM H2O2 after 4 h irradiation. Almost 100% removal was achieved after 30 min under 450 nm visible light irradiation in the presence of same concentration of H2O2. The effect of ions and humic acid (HA) towards BPA removal was also investigated.

Preliminary study of a Georgia O'Keeffe pastel drawing using XRF and μXRD

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn B. Brostoff ◽  
Catherine I. Maynor ◽  
Robert J. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Lead Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pigment Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Georgia O'keeffe ◽  
Red Lead ◽  
Lead Oxides ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Yellow Pigments ◽  
Xrf Analyses

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and micro-X-ray diffraction (μXRD) were used to analyze the composition of pigments on a pastel drawing, Special No. 32, by Georgia O’Keeffe. XRF analyses showed that, among other pigments present in the drawing, the red, orange, and yellow pigments may possibly be identified with lead- and chromium-based pigments: lead chromates, red and yellow lead oxides, and/or lead carbonates, plus calcium-based pastel fillers, such as whiting or gypsum. XRD examination of a sample removed from a dark mottled area of coral red pastel confirmed that this pigment layer, which is associated with a darkened appearance and high Pb:Cr ratios, matches the red lead oxide, minium (2PbO⋅PbO2).

The Study on the Microstructure Characters of Pure Iron during Cold Rolling by High Energy X-Ray Diffraction

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 889-892
Author(s):  
Yan Dong Liu ◽  
He Tong ◽  
Q.W. Jiang ◽  
Y. Ren ◽  
Yan Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Pure Iron ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rolling Reduction ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cold Rolling Reduction ◽  
Discrete Diffraction

The microstructure characters of pure Iron during cold rolling were studied by HEXD (high-energy x-ray diffraction). The experimental result shows that the Debby ring of HEXD before cold rolling is discrete and very strong, the discrete diffraction points become continue and smooth with the increase of cold rolling reduction. The {001}<110> textures transform to the {001}<uvw> texture after cold rolling, in this process the grains divisional are analyzed by the HEXD result.

scholarly journals Sintesis Nanopartikel Mangan Oksida dengan Metode Sol Gel dan Uji Aktivitas Katalitik terhadap Degradasi Zat Warna Rhodamin B

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Sri Rahayu ◽  
Netti Herawati ◽  
Mohammad Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rhodamin B

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sintesis nanopartikel mangan oksida menggunakan prekursor KMnO4 dengan metode sol gel, dengan menambahkan aditif etilendiamin dan etilen glikol yang berperan sebagai agen penstabil, selanjutnya menguji aktivitas katalitik dari mangan oksida tersebut terhadap proses degradasi warna rhodamin B. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan zat aditif terhadap ukuran dan bentuk nanopartikel yang dihasilkan serta kemampuannya sebagai katalis dalam proses degradasi zat warna rhodamin B. Nanopartikel yang diperoleh, dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) dan SEM (Scanning Elektron Microscope) serta penentuan aktivitas katalitik dalam proses degradasi terhadap zat warna rhodamin B dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sintesis nanopartikel menggunakan aditif etilendiamin lebih baik dibandingkan dengan aditif etilen glikol karena ukuran nanopartikel berkisar antara 5,66-33,38 dalam bentuk tetragonal. Morfologi nanopartikel mangan oksida terlihat berbentuk bulat yang seragam. Nanopartikel mangan oksida hasil sintesis mampu mempercepat proses degradasi warna rhodamin B dengan persentase degradasi mencapai 85,6%. Kata kunci: Nanopartikel, Mangan Oksida , Sol gel dan Rhodamin B ABSTRACT Research has been carried out on the synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles using KMnO4 precursors with the sol gel method, by adding ethylenediamine and ethylene glycol additives which act as stabilizing agents, then tested the catalytic activity of the manganese oxide on the degradation process of Rhodamine B. This study aims to determine the effect of adding substances additives on the size and shape of the nanoparticles were produced and their ability as catalysts in the degradation process of Rhodamin B. Nanoparticles were obtained, characterized using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction)and SEM (Scanning Elektron Microscope)and determination of catalytic activity in the degradation process of rhodamine B dyes with UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the synthesis of nanoparticles using ethylenediamine additives was better than ethylene glycol additives because the size of the nanoparticles ranged from 5.66 to 33.38 in the tetragonal form. The morphology of manganese oxide nanoparticles looks uniform in shape. Manganese oxide nanoparticles can accelerate the degradation process of Rhodamin B with a percentage of degradation reaching 85.6%. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Manganese Oxide, Sol gel and Rhodamin B

Characteristics research of pressure sensor based on nanopolysilicon thin films resistors

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (26) ◽  
pp. 1750183
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zhao ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Dianzhong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microelectromechanical System ◽  
Temperature Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mems Technology

To further improve the sensitivity temperature characteristics of pressure sensor, a kind of pressure sensor taking nanopolysilicon thin films as piezoresistors is proposed in this paper. On the basis of the microstructure analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests, the preparing process of nanopolysilicon thin films is optimized. The effects of film thickness and annealing temperature on the micro-structure of nanopolysilicon thin films were studied, respectively. In order to realize the measurement of external pressure, four nanopolysilicon thin films resistors were arranged at the edges of square silicon diaphragm connected to a Wheatstone bridge, and the chip of the sensor was designed and fabricated on a [Formula: see text] orientation silicon wafer by microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Experimental result shows that when [Formula: see text] = 6.80 mA, the sensitivity of the sensor PS-1 is 0.308 mV/kPa, and the temperature coefficient of sensitivity (TCS) is about −1742 ppm/[Formula: see text]C in the range of −40–140[Formula: see text]C. It is possible to obviously improve the sensitivity temperature characteristics of pressure sensor by the proposed sensors.

Analysis of Materials from a Late 15th-Early 16th Century Polychromed Wood Sculpture

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Stodulski ◽  
V. J. Dorge
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Red Lead ◽  
The Media ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Wood Sculpture ◽  
Madonna And Child ◽  
Silver Metal

AbstractDuring conservation, The Detroit Institute of Arts' late Gothic carved wooden sculpture, Madonna and Child, was found to have extensive, though fragmentary, remains of the original polychromy and at least four subsequent “restoration” overpaints. The materials present in the original and overpaintings were probed by polarizing microscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses of individual paint specimens, and scanning electron microscopic/energydispersive X-ray analyses of cross sections prepared using an ultramicrotome. Several sections were also studied using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopic staining techniques to determine the nature of the media used.The pigments identified include azurite, lead white, calcite, vermilion, red lead, hematite, red lakes and glazes, smalt and Prussian blue. Gold and silver metal leafs were also detected. The deteriorated remains of the late Gothic pressed brocade technique, and the use of “bronze” paint to approximate genuine gold leaf on a later addition to the sculpture, are also discussed.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zn2(MoO4)(SeO3) and Photocatalytic Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Yan Zhong Zhen ◽  
Dan Jun Wang ◽  
Feng Fu ◽  
Gang Lin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications ◽  
Simple Hydrothermal Process

A novel mixed metal molybdates, Zn2(MoO4)(SeO3) 1 has been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process. Samples obtained are characterized using powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the photocatalytic performances of samples obtained are investigated for degradation of RhB under visible light irradiation. photocayalysis experimental result has illustrated that the compound exhibits good photocatalysis.

Study of metallic pieces from the Andalusian baroque period with micro X-ray diffraction and micro X-ray fluorescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (SRMS-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muñoz-Páez ◽  
L. K. Herrera ◽  
A. Justo ◽  
J. A. Sans ◽  
G. Martínez-Criado
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Pipes ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation Techniques ◽  
Organ Pipes ◽  
Metallic Parts ◽  
Distribution Of Trace Elements

Within the framework of a wide study of pieces of cultural heritage from the Andalusian baroque period, synchrotron radiation techniques were used to characterize the metallic parts of mirrors and musical organ pipes. By using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) with micrometre resolution information was obtained which was relevant either in the conservation or in the identification of these pieces. By monitoring with micro X-ray diffraction (μXRD) the degradation process of the amalgam of the mirrors, the evolution of the corrosion products could be followed. The identification and distribution of trace elements of tin and lead phases forming the organ metal pipes was carried out with the aid of micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF). This technique allowed for the quantification of the elemental distributions in the major and minor components, knowledge useful to improve the manufacture of modern musical organs.

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