scholarly journals Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-ju Lee ◽  
Hyun-Jung Park ◽  
Angela Starkweather ◽  
Kyungeh An ◽  
Insop Shim
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Immune Challenge ◽  
Noradrenergic Neurons ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

It has been demonstrated that immobilization (IMO) stress affects neuroimmune systems followed by alterations of physiology and behavior. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is known to regulate inflammation caused by immune challenge but the effect of IMO on modulation of IL-4 expression in the brain has not been assessed yet. Here, it was demonstrated that IL-4 was produced by noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the brain and release of IL-4 was reduced in response to IMO. It was observed that IMO groups were more anxious than nontreated groups. Acute IMO (2 h/day, once) stimulated secretion of plasma corticosterone and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the LC whereas these increments were diminished in exposure to chronic stress (2 h/day, 21 consecutive days). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), TH, and IL-4-expressing cells were localized in identical neurons of the LC, indicating that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal- (HPA-) axis and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary- (SAM-) axis might be involved in IL-4 secretion in the stress response. Accordingly, it was concluded that stress-induced decline of IL-4 concentration from LC neurons may be related to anxiety-like behavior and an inverse relationship exists between IL-4 secretion and HPA/SAM-axes activation.

scholarly journals Decreased glucorticoid sensitivity as a factor of stressogenic shifts in the activity of monoamine oxidase, lipid peroxidation, and behavior in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Volchegorsky ◽  
V. E. Tseilikman ◽  
D. S. Smirnov ◽  
S. A. Ship ◽  
A. V. Borisenkov
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Glucocorticoid Hormones ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Four episodes of immobilization stress cause a decrease in the sensitivity to glucocorticoid hormones, followed by anxiogenic be­havioral disorders, enhanced monoamine oxidase-В (МАО-В) activity and simultaneously increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain tissue of rats. Concurrently, there is an increase in renal МАО-В activity, as well as renal and hepatic accumulation of LPO products. Administration of kenalog (2 mg/kg), a phar­macological analogue of glucocorticoid hormones, prevents the poststress МАО-В activation and LPO and attenuates anxiogen­ic behavioral disorders in the rats.

Catecholamine turnover in the brain and the regulation of luteinizing hormone and corticosterone in starved male rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Pirke ◽  
B. Spyra
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Noradrenergic Neurons ◽  
Catecholamine Turnover ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

Abstract. The effect of starvation was studied in male Wistar rats. After only 2 days of food deprivation, LH concentrations in serum are greatly suppressed, while a significant increase in plasma corticosterone occurs after 5 days' starvation. The noradrenaline and dopamine turnover in the basal hypothalamus is decreased after 2 days. The catecholamine turnover is also reduced in the preoptic area, and in the median eminence. Injection of the catecholamine precursor l-dopa (100 mg/kg) can prevent the increase of plasma corticosterone, but not the decrease of LH. The α-agonist clonidine (150 μg/kg), but neither the β-agonist salbutamol (0.5 mg/kg), nor the dopamine agonist apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg) can prevent the starvation induced corticosterone increase. The decrease of plasma LH is not influenced by the dopamine or noradrenaline agonists. From these data, it appears that a decreased activity of noradrenergic neurons may be responsible for the corticosterone increase in the plasma of starved rats.

scholarly journals The Norepinephrine Metabolite DOPEGAL Confers Locus Coeruleus Tau Vulnerability and Propagation via Asparagine Endopeptidase

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Su Kang ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Eun Hee Ahn ◽  
Jie Xiang ◽  
Fredric P. Manfredsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Selective Vulnerability ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Noradrenergic Neurons ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Tau Aggregation ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAberrant Tau inclusions in the locus coeruleus (LC) are the earliest detectable Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like neuropathology in the human brain; however, why LC neurons are selectively vulnerable to developing early Tau pathology and degenerating later in disease and whether the LC might seed the stereotypical spread of Tau pathology to the rest of the brain remain unclear. Here we show that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL), which is produced exclusively in noradrenergic neurons by monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) metabolism of norepinephrine (NE), activates asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) that cleaves Tau at residue N368 into aggregation- and propagation-prone forms, thereby leading to LC degeneration and the spread of Tau pathology. DOPEGAL triggers AEP-cleaved Tau aggregationin vitroand in intact cells, resulting in LC neurotoxicity and propagation of pathology to the forebrain. Thus, our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying the selective vulnerability of LC neurons in AD.

scholarly journals Intrinsic braking role of descending locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons in acute and chronic itch in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Koga ◽  
Yuto Shiraishi ◽  
Ryo Yamagata ◽  
Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh ◽  
Miho Shiratori-Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Noradrenergic Neurons ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽  
Unpleasant Sensation ◽  
Chronic Itch ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Itch is defined as an unpleasant sensation that provokes a desire to scratch. Our understanding of neuronal circuits for itch information transmission and processing in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) has progressively advanced following the identification of SDH neuron subsets that are crucial for scratching behavior in models of itch. However, little is known about the control of acute and chronic itch by descending signals from the brain to the SDH. In this study, using genetic approaches that enable cell-type and circuit-specific functional manipulation, we reveal an intrinsic potential of locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenergic (NAergic) neurons that project to the SDH to control acute and chronic itch. Activation and silencing of SDH-projecting LC-NAergic neurons reduced and enhanced scratching behavior, respectively, in models of histamine-dependent and -independent acute itch. Furthermore, in a model of chronic itch associated with contact dermatitis, repetitive scratching behavior was suppressed by the activation of the descending LC-NAergic pathway and by knocking out NA transporters specific to descending LC-NAergic neurons using a CRISPR-Cas9 system. Moreover, patch-clamp recording using spinal slices showed that noradrenaline facilitated inhibitory synaptic inputs onto gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-expressing SDH neurons, a neuronal subset known to be essential for itch transmission. Our findings suggest that descending LC-NAergic signaling intrinsically controls acute and chronic itch and provide potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of acute and chronic itch.

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.

Review of Self-regulation of the Brain and Behavior.

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 999-999
Author(s):  
Gerald S. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Individual Uniqueness in the Neonatal Functional Connectome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiushi Wang ◽  
Yuehua Xu ◽  
Tengda Zhao ◽  
Zhilei Xu ◽  
Yong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Identification Analysis ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The functional connectome is highly distinctive in adults and adolescents, underlying individual differences in cognition and behavior. However, it remains unknown whether the individual uniqueness of the functional connectome is present in neonates, who are far from mature. Here, we utilized the multiband resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 40 healthy neonates from the Developing Human Connectome Project and a split-half analysis approach to characterize the uniqueness of the functional connectome in the neonatal brain. Through functional connectome-based individual identification analysis, we found that all the neonates were correctly identified, with the most discriminative regions predominantly confined to the higher-order cortices (e.g., prefrontal and parietal regions). The connectivities with the highest contributions to individual uniqueness were primarily located between different functional systems, and the short- (0–30 mm) and middle-range (30–60 mm) connectivities were more distinctive than the long-range (&gt;60 mm) connectivities. Interestingly, we found that functional data with a scanning length longer than 3.5 min were able to capture the individual uniqueness in the functional connectome. Our results highlight that individual uniqueness is present in the functional connectome of neonates and provide insights into the brain mechanisms underlying individual differences in cognition and behavior later in life.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Existential Phenomenological Psychotherapy and Neurological Sciences in Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Lehel Balogh ◽  
Masaru Tanaka ◽  
Nóra Török ◽  
László Vécsei ◽  
Shigeru Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Psychotherapy is a comprehensive biological treatment modifying complex underlying cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and regulatory responses in the brain, leading patients with mental illness to a new interpretation of the sense of self and others. Psychotherapy is an art of science integrated with psychology and/or philosophy. Neurological sciences study the neurological basis of cognition, memory, and behavior as well as the impact of neurological damage and disease on these functions, and their treatment. Both psychotherapy and neurological sciences deal with the brain; nevertheless, they continue to stay polarized. Existential phenomenological psychotherapy (EPP) has been in the forefront of meaning-centered counseling for almost a century. The phenomenological approach in psychotherapy originated in the works of Martin Heidegger, Ludwig Binswanger, Medard Boss, and Viktor Frankl, and it has been committed to accounting for the existential possibilities and limitations of one’s life. EPP provides philosophically rich interpretations and empowers counseling techniques to assist mentally suffering individuals by finding meaning and purpose to life. The approach has proven to be effective in treating mood and anxiety disorders. This narrative review article demonstrates the development of EPP, the therapeutic methodology, evidence-based accounts of its curative techniques, current understanding of mood and anxiety disorders in neurological sciences, and a possible converging path to translate and integrate meaning-centered psychotherapy and neuroscience, concluding that the EPP may potentially play a synergistic role with the currently prevailing medication-based approaches for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.

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