scholarly journals Overview on the Role of Advance Genomics in Conservation Biology of Endangered Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suliman Khan ◽  
Ghulam Nabi ◽  
Muhammad Wajid Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Sehrish Manan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endangered Plants ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Sixth Mass Extinction ◽  
Novice Readers ◽  
Hybridization And Introgression

In the recent era, due to tremendous advancement in industrialization, pollution and other anthropogenic activities have created a serious scenario for biota survival. It has been reported that present biota is entering a “sixth” mass extinction, because of chronic exposure to anthropogenic activities. Variousex situandin situmeasures have been adopted for conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animal species; however, these have been limited due to various discrepancies associated with them. Current advancement in molecular technologies, especially, genomics, is playing a very crucial role in biodiversity conservation. Advance genomics helps in identifying the segments of genome responsible for adaptation. It can also improve our understanding about microevolution through a better understanding of selection, mutation, assertive matting, and recombination. Advance genomics helps in identifying genes that are essential for fitness and ultimately for developing modern and fast monitoring tools for endangered biodiversity. This review article focuses on the applications of advanced genomics mainly demographic, adaptive genetic variations, inbreeding, hybridization and introgression, and disease susceptibilities, in the conservation of threatened biota. In short, it provides the fundamentals for novice readers and advancement in genomics for the experts working for the conservation of endangered plant and animal species.

Insights into the Role of In-situ and Ex-situ Hydrogen Peroxide for Enhanced Ferrate(VI) Towards Oxidation of Organic Contaminants

2021 ◽  
pp. 117548
Author(s):  
Mengfan Luo ◽  
Hongyu Zhou ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Leiduo Lai ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Ex Situ

scholarly journals The Role of Gardens in Integrated Conservation Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Audrey Denvir ◽  
Jeannine Cavender-Bares ◽  
Antonio González-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Integrated Conservation

Gardens and horticulturists play an increasingly important role in plant conservation, both in situ and ex situ. Integrated research and conservation of species intends to work across fields to connect science to conservation practice by engaging actors from different sectors, including gardens. The case of integrated conservation of Quercus brandegeei, a microendemic oak species in Baja California Sur, Mexico, is presented as an example of a collaboration between gardens and academic researchers to create a species-specific conservation plan that incorporates horticultural knowledge.

The Role of Zoos in Tree Kangaroo Conservation: Connecting Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation Action

2021 ◽  
pp. 329-361
Author(s):  
Karin R. Schwartz ◽  
Onnie Byers ◽  
Philip Miller ◽  
Jacque Blessington ◽  
Brett Smith
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Action

In situ Mineralization of Hydroxyapatite for a Molecular Control of Mechanical Responses in Hydroxyapatite-Polymer Composites for Bone Replacement

2001 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Katti ◽  
Praveen Gujjula ◽  
Arunprakash Ayyarsamy ◽  
Timothy Arens
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

ABSTRACTIn situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the role of organics in initial nucleation and growth of HAP is critical for the resulting nano and microstructure of HAP. In situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAP) in the presence of Ca binding polymers such as polyacrylic acid has shown some promise towards improvement of mechanical response of uniaxial compressed HAP/polymer composites to loading. This work represents fundamental studies on the nature of in situ HAP precipitation on resulting microstructure of the composite and bulk mechanical properties. Specifically, an experimental study, evaluating the role of initial stage mineralization of HAP on bulk mechanical responses is conducted. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic (with micro attenuated total reflectance) techniques are utilized to evaluate the association of polymer (polyacrylic acid) with HAP during mineralization of HAP. In situ HAP exhibits a faster mineralization as compared to the ex situ mineralization samples, This improved kinetics is responsible for altering the resulting micro and nanostructure of the HAP/polymer composite. Small spectral changes are detected in the absorbance spectra of in situ HAP as compared to ex situ samples. Changes in mechanical response to loading included improvement in strain-to-failure and resulting toughness characteristics of the in situ composite. The control and development of molecular-level associations of polymer with HAP is suggested to be critical for the resulting macro properties. Our results may have significant implications for design of nanocomposites for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Visualizing and isolating iron-reducing microorganisms at single cell level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuifen Gan ◽  
Rongrong Wu ◽  
Yeshen Luo ◽  
Jianhua Song ◽  
Dizhou Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Cell Sorter ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity

AbstractIron-reducing microorganisms (FeRM) play key roles in many natural and engineering processes. Visualizing and isolating FeRM from multispecies samples are essential to understand the in-situ location and geochemical role of FeRM. Here, we visualized FeRM by a “turn-on” Fe2+-specific fluorescent chemodosimeter (FSFC) with high sensitivity, selectivity and stability. This FSFC could selectively identify and locate active FeRM from either pure culture, co-culture of different bacteria or sediment-containing samples. Fluorescent intensity of the FSFC could be used as an indicator of Fe2+ concentration in bacterial cultures. By integrating FSFC with a single cell sorter, we obtained three FSFC-labeled cells from an enriched consortia and all of them were subsequently evidenced to be capable of iron-reduction and two unlabeled cells were evidenced to have no iron-reducing capability, further confirming the feasibility of the FSFC.ImportanceVisualization and isolation of FeRM from samples containing multispecies are commonly needed by researchers from different disciplines, such as environmental microbiology, environmental sciences and geochemistry. However, no available method has been reported. In this study, we provid a solution to visualize FeRM and evaluate their activity even at single cell level. Integrating with single cell sorter, FeRM can also be isolated from samples containing multispecies. This method can be used as a powerful tool to uncover the in-situ or ex-situ role of FeRM and their interactions with ambient microbes or chemicals.

scholarly journals CROP WILD RELATIVES IN VOLOGDA PROVINCE, RECOMMENDED FOR IN SITU CONSERVATION

VAVILOVIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-30
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Shipilina
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endangered Plants ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Species Vulnerability ◽  
Priority Method ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Background. Preservation of crop wild relatives (CWR) as natural suppliers of genetic source material (GSM) is the foundation of food security. In situ conservation is considered the highest priority method. By preserving species in their natural communities, we safeguard all the genetic diversity that can be used as sources of valuable economic traits. The criteria developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) are unable to assess the significance of crop wild relatives at the regional level. With this in view, we have used the vulnerability status categories developed at VIR. Materials and methods. Crop wild relatives of Vologda Province were the target of the study. Research material was selected in VIR’s herbarium collection (WIR, LE), along with literary data and the results of the plant exploration surveys by VIR’s scientists. The species listed in the Red Books of Leningrad, Pskov and Novgorod Provinces, the Red Book of Karelia, and the list of rare and endangered plants (2015) of Vologda Province were analyzed. For the first time, plants were tested specifically to determine the species’ vulnerability degree. On the basis of such testing, CWR requiring special conservation measures were identified. Results and conclusions. Sixty-six CWR species that require in situ conservation occur in Vologda Province. The collected materials helped to develop databases of locations for the taxa studied. In total, we identified nine species with the vulnerability status of Category I (Corylus avellana L., Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) Ser., Phleum phleoides (L.) Karst., Thymus talijevii Klok. Et Shost., Bistorta vivipara (L.) S.F. Gray, Gypsophila fastigiata L., Koeleria glauca (Spreng.) DC., Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst., and Scorzonera glabra Rupr.). Maps of the species with the first vulnerability status category were made. Category II was assigned to 19 species; Category III, to 38 species. The species requiring special conservation efforts were identified: relicts (11 spp.) and endemics (1 sp.). Twenty-eight species are in the list of rare and endangered plants (2015) of Vologda Province. Nizhnesukhonsky floristic area stands out for its rich CWR diversity. In addition to in situ conservation within protected areas of various ranks, the species included into Categories I and II should be conserved ex situ in botanical gardens and genetic collections held by research institutes in the northwest of Russia.

Nano-Bioremediation

2018 ◽  
pp. 202-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Tripathi ◽  
R. Sanjeevi ◽  
J. Anuradha ◽  
Dushyant Singh Chauhan ◽  
Ashok K. Rathoure
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Environmental Contaminant ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Sustainable Environment

The functional aspect of nanotechnology (NBT) is driven either to accelerate the performance of materials and/or to reduce the quantity of materials that are used for the purpose. Most significantly, its potential attribute to the environment includes the treatment and remediation, sensing and detection, and pollution prevention. In general nano-bio remediation (NBR) involves the use of nano-materials either in in-situ (in place), or ex-situ (off-place) treatment of contaminated materials. To accomplish this, the elemental or zero-valent metals and like materials in nano-form (1-100 nm) have been applied as an instinctive need to embrace sustainable environment. The use of nanomaterials initially reduces the biodegradable contaminants and then it promotes to achieve the standard levels. Thus, the role of nano-materials could be an efficient, effective approach to remediate the environmental contaminant sustainably. However, further research is required to record the detailed fate of the nano-materials that are used in environment remediation.

The controlling role of atmosphere in dawsonite versus gibbsite precipitation from tetrahedral aluminate species

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (38) ◽  
pp. 13438-13446
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dembowski ◽  
John S. Loring ◽  
Mark E. Bowden ◽  
Jacob G. Reynolds ◽  
Trent R. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The transformation of tetrahedrally coordinated potassium aluminate dimer salt to octahedrally coordinated phases, such as gibbsite, is investigated using in situ IR and ex-situ X-ray diffraction, revealing the controlling role of humidity in the presence of CO2.

scholarly journals Bring the captive closer to the wild: redefining the role of ex situ conservation

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana J. Pritchard ◽  
John E. Fa ◽  
Sara Oldfield ◽  
Stuart R. Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Effective Integration

AbstractIn situ conservation is central to contemporary global biodiversity protection and is the predominant emphasis of international regulation and funding strategies. Ex situ approaches, in contrast, have been relegated to a subsidiary role and their direct contributions to conservation have been limited. We draw on a variety of sources to make the case for an enhanced role for ex situ conservation. We note the advances occurring within institutions specializing in ex situ conservation and stress that, although much remains to be done, many constraints are being addressed. We argue that the evidence of increasing extinction rates, exacerbated by climate change, challenges the wisdom of a heavy dependence on in situ strategies and necessitates increased development of ex situ approaches. A number of different techniques that enable species and their habitats to survive should now be explored. These could build on the experience of management systems that have already demonstrated the effective integration of in situ and ex situ techniques and hybrid approaches. For organizations specializing in ex situ conservation to become more effective, however, they will require tangible support from the institutions of global biodiversity governance. Resistance is anticipated because in situ conservation is entrenched through powerful groups and organizations that exert influence on global conservation policy and facilitate the flow of funding. The chasm that has traditionally divided in situ and ex situ approaches may diminish as approaches are combined. Moreover, the relentless loss of the ‘wild’ may soon render the in situ / ex situ distinction misleading, or even obsolete.

The Role of Zoos in Cheetah Conservation: Integrating Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation Action

2018 ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Karin R. Schwartz ◽  
Markus Gusset ◽  
Adrienne E. Crosier ◽  
Lars Versteege ◽  
Simon Eyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Action
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