scholarly journals In Vivo and Cadaver Studies of the Canalicular/Lacrimal Sac Mucosal Folds

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng You ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Xiaogang Zhang ◽  
Wencan Wu ◽  
Tianlin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Lacrimal Sac ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Chronic Dacryocystitis ◽  
Common Canaliculus ◽  
Cadaver Studies ◽  
Mucosal Folds ◽  
Mucosal Fold ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage

Purpose.The study aimed to investigate canalicular/lacrimal sac mucosal folds (CLS-MFs) in vivo and in cadavers in order to explore their functional roles in the lacrimal drainage system.Method.The observations of CLS-MFs in vivo were performed on 16 patients with chronic dacryocystitis after undergoing an endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EE-DCR). The lacrimal sacs and common canaliculi of 19 adult cadavers were dissected. The opening/closing of an orifice and mucosal fold was recorded. All of the specimens were subjected to a histological examination.Results.The upper and lower lacrimal canaliculi in all of the samples united to form a common canaliculus that opened to the lacrimal sac. CLS-MFs were observed in 10 of the 16 patients (62.5%) and 9 of the 19 cadavers (47.4%). The orifices or mucosal folds could be opened or closed when related muscles contracted or relaxed. Histological sections showed a mucosal fold at one side of an orifice.Conclusion.Common canaliculus is the most common type that the canaliculus opens to lacrimal sac. CLS-MFs exist in a certain ratio that can be opened/closed with the movement of the orifices. They may be involved in the drainage of tears or the pathogenesis of acute dacryocystitis or lacrimal sac mucocele.

Ectopic lacrimal gland in the lacrimal sac mimicking tumour: literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e235187
Author(s):  
Athanasios Saratziotis ◽  
Claudia Zanotti ◽  
Maria Baldovin ◽  
Enzo Emanuelli
Keyword(s):  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Endoscopic Approach ◽  
Lacrimal Sac ◽  
Chronic Dacryocystitis ◽  
Mri Scans

An 80-year-old man referred with repeated episode of dacryocystitis from the left lacrimal drainage system and palpable swelling. For many years, he has being presented with epiphora unilaterally with chronic dacryocystitis. Investigations with dye-test revealed subocclusion of the natural passage of the tears, and CT and MRI scans revealed solid mass in the lacrimal sac. The lacrimal sac was opened by endonasal endoscopic approach, the sacral mass was identified and completely removed. The histopathological examination showed lacrimal gland in ectopic position. Patient followed for 18 months with complete recovery of symptoms. In our differential diagnosis, the ectopic lacrimal gland is also identified, when a mass in the lacrimal sac and duct is present. Successful surgical excision required considerable multidisciplinary teamwork between ophtalmologist–ENT (Otolaryngologist) and radiologist. Endonasal endoscopic approach is perfectly safe with direct control and ensures a smooth postoperative recovery.

The Relationship of Lateral Osteotomies in Rhinoplasty to the Lacrimal Drainage System

1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Regan Thomas ◽  
Nancy Griner
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Osteotomy Site ◽  
Lacrimal Sac ◽  
Lacrimal Duct ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage System ◽  
Lacrimal System ◽  
Resident Surgeon ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage

Damage to the lacrimal drainage system is a potentially complicating factor in rhinoplasty utilizing lateral osteotomies. The authors present data from osteotomies performed on a series of fresh cadavers. Following completion of the osteotomies, the lacrimal sac and nasal lacrimal ducts were Identified and cannulated. Soft tissue was dissected to demonstrate the osteotomy site. The specimen was inspected to delineate involvement (if any) of the lacrimal duct or sac. The proximity of the osteotomy site to the lacrimal drainage apparatus components was measured in each specimen. Various parameters were observed, including the effect of curved vs. straight osteotomes, guarded vs. unguarded osteotomes, and the effect of various widths of osteotomes. Likewise, the degree of risk to the lacrimal system was evaluated, and the technique of the novice and resident surgeon was compared to that of the experienced rhinoplastic surgeon. A low, curved osteotomy, performed with a sharp osteotome without subperiosteal tunnels, provides the safest maneuver. Lateral osteotomies, properly performed, prove to be an unusual cause of lacrimal drainage dysfunction.

Dacryocystorhinostomy Utilizing an Anterior Lacrimal Sac Flap to Periosteum Technique

1979 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Richard Holt ◽  
Jean Edwards Holt ◽  
Edwin A. Cortez
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Lacrimal Sac ◽  
Pedicle Flap ◽  
Lacrimal System ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Nasal Trauma ◽  
Anterior Lacrimal Crest ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage

Dacryocystorhinostomy is used in the effective treatment of epiphora secondary to obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system. Common causes of obstruction include canalicular disruption, lacrimal sac fibrosis, and external and internal nasal trauma. Most techniques of dacryocystorhinostomy attempt to suture the lacrimal sac mucosa to the nasal mucosa. At best this is technically difficult, and the mucosa frequently tears. A technique is presented using an anteriorly based lacrimal sac pedicle flap sutured to the periosteum of the anterior lacrimal crest. The sutured flap is quite strong, and the procedure is technically simpler than others. A brief description of the causes of lacrimal obstruction is given. The Jones primary and secondary dye tests for lacrimal system patency are reviewed.

Analysis of the etiological factors of relapse after endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
E.L. At'kova ◽  
◽  
N.N. Krakhovetskiy ◽  
O.V. Zhukov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage System ◽  
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy ◽  
Complete Obliteration ◽  
Common Canaliculus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage

The aim of this work is to study the etiological factors of failures after endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EEDCR). We retrospectively studied the case reports of 485 patients (521 cases) with a relapse after EEDCR performed for primary dacryocystitis. The obtained data allowed us to reveal that the largest number of cases of relapse after EEDCR was a consequence of partial or complete obliteration of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) ostium (278 cases), which amounted to 53.3% of all analyzed cases. In 127 cases, the reason of recurrence after EEDCR was stenosis or obliteration of the common canaliculus ostium (24.4%). In 116 cases (22.3%), relapse after EEDCR was caused by a combination of several etiological factors. Of these, in 86 cases, synechiae and granulation in the area of dacryostomy were revealed. The retrospective analysis carried out within the framework of this work, based on the study of the results of the applied diagnostic methods, including multislice computed tomography with contrast enhancement of lacrimal drainage system, made it possible to determine and systematize the etiological factors of the development of repeated obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system after EEDCR. Key words: relapse, dacryocystitis, DCR, common canaliculus ostium, DCR ostium, synechiae.

scholarly journals Comparative Study Of External And Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy For The Treatment Of Chronic Dacryocystitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
MKH Khan ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
MJ Hossain ◽  
A Al-Masud ◽  
MZ Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage System ◽  
Chronic Dacryocystitis ◽  
Endonasal Dcr ◽  
Endoscopic Dcr ◽  
External Dcr ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage

Introduction: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the treatment of choice for Chronic Dacryocystitis. Although external DCR is still regarded as gold standard for acquired naso-lacrimal duct obstruction, endoscopic DCR is evolving as an equally effective alternative in the recent past. Objective: The study was carried out to compare the surgical outcome of external DCR and endoscopic endonasal DCR for the treatment of Chronic Dacryocystitis. Method: This observational study was carried out in the Department of Ophthalmology, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from November 2008 to May 2009. A total of 30 consecutive patients were selected for DCR surgery. Among those 15 patients underwent endoscopic endonasal DCR and 15 under went patients external DCR. Data regarding ocular examination, lacrimal drainage system, per-operative and postoperative complications and ultimate surgical outcome were collected and analyzed. Surgical success was defined by patient's resolution of symptoms with patency of lacrimal drainage system. Failure was defined as no symptomatic reduction in epiphora and/or inability to irrigate the lacrimal drainage system postoperatively. Results: Mean age of the patients was 35.0±11.3 years. Fifty three percent of the study subject was male and 43% of the study subject was female. Accumulated result showed that both surgical approaches had almost similar success rate (endoscopic DCR 73.3% versus external DCR 80%; p=0.666). Complication rate was low and no appreciable difference in complication was marked in both types of surgery. Twenty percent in endoscopic DCR group and 13.3% in external DCR group had moderate bleeding. Two patients (13.3%) of endoscopic surgery required septoplasty. All the complications were managed by conservative treatment. Post operative complication particularly nonpatent lacrimal drainage system occurred to 26.7% of endoscopic group and 20% of those with external DCR surgery. Silicon tube was in situ up to 3 months in all the cases. Ultimate failure occurred in 26.7% for endoscopic DCR and 20% for external DCR. Conclusions: Surgical outcome of both endoscopic and external DCR for Chronic Dacryocystitis was quite satisfactory. Overall complication rate was low. Endoscopic surgery might have an advantage of not having any external scar but it requires high equipment cost and long learning curve. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10389 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 15-17

Silicone Intubation as an Alternative to Dacryocystorhinostomy for Nasolacrimal Drainage Obstruction in Adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Psilas ◽  
V. Eftaxias ◽  
J. Kastanioudakis ◽  
C. Kalogeropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Silicone Tube ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Silicone Tubing ◽  
Chronic Dacryocystitis ◽  
Silicone Intubation ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage

Silicone tubing was used to repair the patency of the nasolacrimal drainage system in 115 patients (four bilaterally) with chronic nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The patients were over 20 years old and 16 were men and 99 women; 46% presented an uncomplicated obstruction with epiphora and 54% presented additional signs of chronic dacryocystitis. We used the technique of Quickert and Dryden with modifications. The silicone tube remained for a mean of 5.5 months (± 2.5 SD). After removal of the tube the follow-up ranged from 6 to 42 months (mean ± SD: 16 ± 9). Patency was maintained in 89% of cases with uncomplicated obstruction and in 69% of those with chronic dacryocystitis (total success rate 78%). We can therefore recommend silicone intubation of the lacrimal drainage system as an alternative to dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), in adults with obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. In addition, unlike DCR this technique is bloodless and the operation takes less time.

Lacrimal drainage anomalies in Tessier cleft 3 with unilateral anophthalmos

2019 ◽  
pp. 112067211989147
Author(s):  
Swati Singh ◽  
Abhimanyu Sharma ◽  
Vikas Mittal ◽  
Mohammad Javed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Lacrimal Sac ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage System ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Current Report ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage

Bilateral Tessier cleft types 3 and 4 are rare and commonly involve the lacrimal drainage system owing to their anatomical location. Such clefts commonly present with associated ocular anomalies and include colobomatous eyelids, hypertelorism, microphthalmia, punctal or canalicular agenesis, and nasolacrimal duct obstruction or exstrophy. The current report presents an 18-month-old baby with bilateral Tessier cleft 3 with a unilateral anophthalmos, symmetrical eyelid colobomas, and lacrimal drainage anomalies. The lacrimal anomalies noted include small lacrimal sac with inferior canaliculus on the right side and upper and lower punctal and canalicular agenesis on the left side. Computed tomographic dacryocystography demonstrated unilateral lacrimal sac and bilateral maldevelopment of the bony nasolacrimal duct.

Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the lacrimal drainage system in two pediatric patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. NP18-NP23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Yucel Ucgul ◽  
Bercin Tarlan ◽  
Pınar Uyar Gocun ◽  
Onur Konuk
Keyword(s):  
Malt Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Lacrimal Sac ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage System ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Tumoral Lesion ◽  
Lacrimal Drainage

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of lacrimal drainage system (LDS) is quite rare in children, but it is important to expedite early diagnosis in an effort to alter possible life-threatening disease since they are usually misdiagnosed as chronic dacryocystitis. In the literature, there are few examples of tumors of LDS in children. The authors herein report two pediatric cases of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) originating from lacrimal sac in an attempt to increase the knowledge about the clinical course of NHL of LDS. Considerable care must be taken since tumors of lacrimal drainage can mimic dacryocystitis clinically and macroscopically. Two patients both attended with painless swelling in the left lacrimal sac region and epiphora of the left eye. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumoral lesion in the left lacrimal sac region and histopathological examination of excisional biopsy specimen demonstrated MALT lymphoma in both patients. The treatment regimen comprises lacrimal sac excision within the tumor, canalicular dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with bicanalicular silicone intubation (BSI) combined with chemotherapy and regional radiotherapy in one case, whereas the second case received only radiotherapy after canalicular DCR with BSI. Both of them maintained clinical remission along follow-up.

scholarly journals Exosomal S100A4 derived from highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells promotes metastasis by activating STAT3

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoting Sun ◽  
Chaoqun Wang ◽  
Beiyuan Hu ◽  
Xiaomei Gao ◽  
Tiantian Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Stat3 Phosphorylation ◽  
Hcc Cells

AbstractIntercellular cross-talk plays important roles in cancer progression and metastasis. Yet how these cancer cells interact with each other is still largely unknown. Exosomes released by tumor cells have been proved to be effective cell-to-cell signal mediators. We explored the functional roles of exosomes in metastasis and the potential prognostic values for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exosomes were extracted from HCC cells of different metastatic potentials. The metastatic effects of exosomes derived from highly metastatic HCC cells (HMH) were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Exosomal proteins were identified with iTRAQ mass spectrum and verified in cell lines, xenograft tumor samples, and functional analyses. Exosomes released by HMH significantly enhanced the in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis of low metastatic HCC cells (LMH). S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) was identified as a functional factor in exosomes derived from HMH. S100A4rich exosomes significantly promoted tumor metastasis both in vitro and in vivo compared with S100A4low exosomes or controls. Moreover, exosomal S100A4 could induce expression of osteopontin (OPN), along with other tumor metastasis/stemness-related genes. Exosomal S100A4 activated OPN transcription via STAT3 phosphorylation. HCC patients with high exosomal S100A4 in plasma also had a poorer prognosis. In conclusion, exosomes from HMH could promote the metastatic potential of LMH, and exosomal S100A4 is a key enhancer for HCC metastasis, activating STAT3 phosphorylation and up-regulating OPN expression. This suggested exosomal S100A4 to be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC metastasis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document