scholarly journals SSR Mapping of QTLs Conferring Cold Tolerance in an Interspecific Cross of Tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Tengxia Zhou ◽  
Haiyan Ge ◽  
Wen Pang ◽  
Lijie Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Chilling Temperature ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Molecular Linkage Map ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Fine Position ◽  
Simple Sequence

A population of 146 RILs (Recombinant Inbred Line) was derived from the cross between a cold-sensitive cultivatedSolanum lycopersicumL. XF98-7 and a cold-tolerant wildSolanum pimpinellifoliumLA2184. Relative germination ratio (RGR) and chilling index (CI) were used to evaluate the cold tolerance of the parental lines and RILs. It was found that the RGR and CI were significantly different betweenS. lycopersicumXF98-7 andS. pimpinellifoliumLA2184 under cold treatment, indicating that wild species was more adapted to chilling temperature. The continuous and normal distribution of RGR and CI in RIL population suggested that the trait of cold tolerance was a typically quantitative trait controlled by multigenes. The molecular linkage map was constructed by using 120 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers, resulting in 15 linkage groups, with a total distance of 256.8 cM and average interval of 2.14 cM. Five QTLs controlling RGR and four QTLs for CI were detected with genetic contribution ranging from 0.95% to 19.55%. Thus, the nine QTLs will provide references for further fine position mapping for cold tolerance. The polymorphic markers could be used as a way of indirectly selecting the plant trait of interest and would promote developing new tomato variety by marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. saccharinus) after cold storage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Song ◽  
Fengxian Tang ◽  
Wenchao Cai ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Fake Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Metabolic Analysis ◽  
Itraq Analysis ◽  
Cold Sensitive

Abstract Background: Cantaloupe is susceptible to cold stress when it is stored at low temperatures, resulting in the loss of edible and commercial quality. To ascertain the molecular mechanisms of low temperatures resistance in cantaloupe, a cold-sensitive cultivar, Golden Empress-308 (GE) and a cold-tolerant cultivar, Jia Shi-310 (JS), were selected in parallel for iTRAQ quantitative proteomic analysis. Results: The two kinds of commercial cultivars were exposed to a temperature of 0.5℃ for 0, 12 and 24 days. We found that the cold-sensitive cultivar (GE) suffered more severe damage as the length of the cold treatment increased. Proteomic analysis of both cultivars indicated that the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) changed remarkably during the chilly treatment. JS expressed cold-responsive proteins more rapidly and mobilized more groups of proteins than GE. Furthermore, metabolic analysis revealed that more amino acids were up-regulated in JS during the early phases of low temperatures stress. The DEPs we found were mainly related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, structural proteins, reactive oxygen species scavenging, amino acids metabolism and signal transduction. The consequences of phenotype assays, metabolic analysis and q-PCR validation confirm the findings of the iTRAQ analysis. Conclusion: We found that the prompt response and mobilization of proteins in JS allowed it to maintain a higher level of cold tolerance than GE, and that the slower cold responses in GE may be a vital reason for the severe chilling injury commonly found in this cultivar. The candidate proteins we identified will form the basis of future studies and may improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cold tolerance in cantaloupe.

scholarly journals Detection of QTLs for cold tolerance at the booting stage in near-isogenic lines derived from rice landrace Lijiangxintuanheigu

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Yang Shu Ming ◽  
Zhang Su Hua ◽  
Yang Tao ◽  
Wang Li
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping ◽  
Rice Landrace ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased

Chilling damage significantly reduces grain yield in rice, while exploring major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has the potential to improve rice production. Mapping of QTLs for 5 cold tolerance-related traits at the booting stage was conducted with SSR markers and inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) approach, based on 105 near-isogenic lines derived from a backcross between Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH, cold-tolerant landrace) and Towada (cold-sensitive cultivar). Phenotype values were investigated under five cold-stress environments and analysed by the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). Twenty-one QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10 and 11, and the amount of variation (R<sup>2</sup>) explained by each QTL ranged from 7.71 to 29.66%, with five co-located QTL regions. Eight novel major loci (qSF-2, qSF-6a, qSF-7, qGW-6, qDGWP-4, qDSWPP-4, qDWPP-1 and qDWPP-4b) were detected in several environments and BLUP, and their alleles were contributed by LTH with R<sup>2 </sup>variance from 12.24 to 29.66%. These favourable QTLs would facilitate elucidation of the genetic mechanism of cold tolerance and provide strategies for breeding high-productive rice.    

Changes in Membrane Fatty Acids in Cold-acclimated Turfgrass

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453c-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenith Cyril ◽  
R.R. Duncan ◽  
W.V. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Three genotypes of seashore paspalum, `PI 299042', `Adalayd', and `PI 509018-1' considered to be cold-sensitive, intermediately cold-tolerant and cold-tolerant, respectively, were analyzed to investigate the biochemical basis of cold tolerance. The cultivars were acclimated to 8/4 °C day/night temperatures and rhizomes nodes and crowns were harvested at 7-day intervals over the 4-week experiment. Total lipid was extracted from these tissues, and the fatty acids present in the lipid fraction were identified by gas chromatography. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the major fatty acids present. In cold acclimated tissues, the level of palmitic acid and stearic acid did not change significantly during the treatment period. There was a decrease in the level of linoleic acid by the second week of cold treatment. The amount of linolenic acid increased significantly during the second week of cold treatment corresponding to the decrease in linoleic acid. The change in the amount was significantly greater in `PI 509018-1' than in `Adalayd' or `PI 299042'. These results are similar to what was found for cultivars of bermudagrass that differ in their cold-tolerance phenotypes. Desaturases are enzymes involved in introducing the double bonds into the fatty acid chains. Research is underway to characterize and clone the genes encoding the Ω3, Ω6, and Ω9 desaturases, which may have an important role in affecting the cold tolerance by altering the degree of membrane lipid fatty acid saturation.

scholarly journals Polymorphism in the Chloroplast ATP Synthase Beta-Subunit Is Associated with a Maternally Inherited Enhanced Cold Recovery in Cucumber

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1092
Author(s):  
Madeline W. Oravec ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Chloroplast Transformation ◽  
Beta Subunit ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Dh Lines

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a warm-season crop that is sensitive to chilling temperatures and a maternally inherited cold tolerance exists in the heirloom cultivar ‘Chipper’ (CH). Because the organelles of cucumber show differential transmission (maternal for chloroplast and paternal for mitochondrion), this cold tolerance is hypothesized to be chloroplast-associated. The goal of this research was to characterize the cold tolerant phenotype from CH and determine its genetic basis. Doubled haploid (DH) lines were produced from CH and cold susceptible cucumbers, reciprocal hybrids with identical nuclear genotypes were produced, and plants were subjected to cold treatments under lights at 4 °C for 5.5 h. Hybrid plants with CH as the maternal parent had significantly higher fresh and dry weights 14 days after cold treatment compared to the reciprocal hybrid, revealing an enhanced cold recovery phenotype maternally conferred by CH. Results from analyses of the nuclear transcriptome and reactive oxygen species (ROS) between reciprocal hybrids were consistent with the cold recovery phenotype. Sequencing of the chloroplast genome and transcriptome of the DH parents and reciprocal hybrids, respectively, revealed one maternally transmitted non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the chloroplast F1FO-ATP synthase (CF1FO-ATPase) beta-subunit gene (atpB) of CH which confers an amino acid change from threonine to arginine. Protein modeling revealed that this change is located at the interface of the alpha- and beta-subunits in the CF1FO-ATPase complex. Polymorphisms in the CF1FO-ATPase complex have been associated with stress tolerances in other plants, and selection for or creation of polymorphic beta-subunit proteins by chloroplast transformation or gene editing could condition improved recovery from cold stress in plants.

scholarly journals Transcriptome sequencing and iTRAQ of different rice cultivars provide insight into molecular mechanisms of cold-tolerance response in japonica rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jia ◽  
Hualong Liu ◽  
Zhaojun Qu ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Xinpeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive

Abstract Background: Rice ( Oryza sativa L.), one of the most important crops cultivated in both tropical and temperate regions, has a high sensitivity to cold stress. Chilling stress limits N uptake and nitrogen metabolism in rice. To identify the genes and pathways involved in cold tolerance, specifically within the nitrogen metabolism pathway, we compared gene and protein expression differences between a cold-tolerant cultivar, Dongnong428 (DN), and a cold-sensitive cultivar, Songjing10 (SJ). Results: Using isobaric tags for relative or absolute quantification (iTRAQ) with high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques, we identified 5,549 genes and 450 proteins in DN and 6,145 genes and 790 proteins in SJ, that were differentially expressed during low water temperature (T w ) treatment. There were 354 transcription factor (TF) genes (212 down, 142 up), and 366 TF genes (220 down, 146 up), including 47 gene families, differentially expressed in the DN under control (CKDN) vs. DN under low-T w (D15DN) and CKSJ vs. D15SJ, respectively. Genes related to rice cold-related biosynthesis pathways, particularly the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, zeatin biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, were significantly differentially expressed in both rice cultivars. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to rice cold-related biosynthesis pathways and particularly glutathione metabolism were significantly differentially expressed in both rice cultivars. Transcriptome and proteome analysis of the nitrogen metabolism pathways showed that major genes and proteins that participated in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamine synthesis were downregulated. Conclusion: Under cold stress conditions during reproductive growth, genes and proteins related to the biosynthesis pathways of cold stress were significantly differentially expressed in DN and SJ. The present study confirmed the known cold stress-associated genes and identified a number of putative new cold-responsive genes. We also found that translational regulation under cold stress plays an important role in cold-tolerant DN. Low-T w treatments affected N uptake and N metabolism in rice, and promoted Glu metabolism, and the synthesis of ornithine and proline in cold-sensitive SJ.

scholarly journals Cold tolerance in rice plants is partially controlled by root responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie Geraldine Sierra Rativa ◽  
Artur Teixeira de Araújo Junior ◽  
Daniele da Silva Friedrich ◽  
Rodrigo Gastmann ◽  
Thainá Inês Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerant

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) ssp. indica is the most cultivated species in the South of Brazil. However, these plants face low temperature stress from September to November, which is the period of early sowing, affecting plant development during the initial stages of growth, and reducing rice productivity. This study aimed to characterize the root response to low temperature stress during the early vegetative stage of two rice genotypes contrasting in their cold tolerance (CT, cold-tolerant; and CS, cold-sensitive). Root dry weight and length, as well as number of root hairs, were higher in CT than CS when exposed to cold treatment. Histochemical analyses indicated that roots of CS genotype present higher levels of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation, along with lower levels of plasma membrane integrity than CT under low temperature stress. RNAseq analyses revealed that the contrasting genotypes present completely different molecular responses to cold stress. The number of over-represented functional categories was lower in CT than CS under cold condition, suggesting that CS genotype is more impacted by low temperature stress than CT. Several genes might contribute to rice cold tolerance, including the ones related with cell wall remodeling, cytoskeleton and growth, signaling, antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, and stress response. On the other hand, high expression of the genes SRC2 (defense), root architecture associated 1 (growth), ACC oxidase, ethylene-responsive transcription factor, and cytokinin-O-glucosyltransferase 2 (hormone-related) seems to be related with cold sensibility. Since these two genotypes have a similar genetic background (sister lines), the differentially expressed genes found here can be considered candidate genes for cold tolerance and could be used in future biotechnological approaches aiming to increase rice tolerance to low temperature.

Mapping Cold Tolerance QIL in Citrus grandis (L.) Osb. × Poncirustrifoliata (L.) Raf. Hybrids: A Three-pronged Approach

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 532c-532
Author(s):  
Courtney Weber ◽  
Wayne Sherman ◽  
Gloria Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Selective Genotyping ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Selected Subset ◽  
Genomic Regions

A pseudo-testcross population of Citrus grandis selection DPI6-4 × Poncirus trifoliata cv. Rubideaux, cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant parents, respectively, is being used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for cold tolerance using bulked segregant analysis (BSA), selective genotyping, and interval mapping. A population of 500 young trees was frozen under controlled conditions to –9 and –15 °C to select contrasting bulk segregant populations from the distributional extremes of cold tolerance. A randomly selected subset of 61 individuals from this population was used to construct a linkage map for interval mapping. The pseudo-testcross population allows mapping of both the C. grandis and P. trifoliata genomes through the identification of parental origin of marker alleles. Screening of random 10-mer primers is ongoing and, to date, ≈100 primers have produced eight markers showing differences in mean stem dieback between the bulked populations. MAPMAKER-QTL was used to analyze all markers (122 presently) on the linkage maps for correlation to QTL for cold tolerance or susceptibility, and two regions of interest have been identified. Also, markers linked to those identified through BSA are being analyzed for association with QTL through selective genotyping. The goal of this research is to identify genomic regions and associated markers relating to QTL for cold tolerance for future use in Citrus cultivar improvement.

The genetic architecture and breeding towards cold tolerance in maize: review.

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-294
Author(s):  
Hai-xiao Dong ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Guang-hui Hu ◽  
Ya-ping Yuan ◽  
Zhi-wu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive

Abstract This chapter reviews the global adaptation of maize, the effect of cold stress, existing cold-tolerant or cold-sensitive maize varieties or mutants, research on linkage analysis, and genome-wide association studies and gene expression profiling in maize cold response. In addition, the potential usage of genomic selection to accelerate the breeding process is explored. The objectives are to integrate knowledge for the benefit of geneticists to understand the genetic architecture of cold tolerance and for breeders to select 'hyper-tolerant' maize varieties adapted to broader and changeable environments.

scholarly journals Sex-specific responses to cold in a very cold-tolerant, northern Drosophila species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren J. Parker ◽  
Tapio Envall ◽  
Michael G. Ritchie ◽  
Maaria Kankare
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drosophila Montana ◽  
Harsh Conditions

AbstractOrganisms can plastically alter resource allocation in response to changing environmental factors. For example, in harsh conditions organisms are expected to shift investment from reproduction towards survival, however, the factors and mechanisms that govern the magnitude of such shifts are relatively poorly studied. Here we compared the impact of cold on males and females of the highly cold-tolerant species Drosophila montana at the phenotypic and transcriptomic levels. Although both sexes showed similar changes in cold tolerance and gene expression in response to cold treatment, indicating that the majority of changes are concordant between the sexes, we identified a clear reduction in sexually dimorphic gene expression, suggesting that preparing for colder season also involves reducing investment in sex-specific traits. This reduction was larger in males than females, as expected if male sexual traits are more condition-dependent than female traits, as predicted by theory. Gene expression changes were primarily associated with shifts in metabolic profile which likely play a role in increasing cold tolerance. Finally, we found that the expression of immune genes was reduced following cold treatment, suggesting that reduced investment in immunity may be important in helping flies survive colder periods.

scholarly journals Relative Tolerance of Three Morphotypes of the Anastrepha fraterculus Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Cold Phytosanitary Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1176-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa S Dias ◽  
Guy J Hallman ◽  
Amanda A S Cardoso ◽  
Nick V Hurtado ◽  
Camilo Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
New Species ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment

Abstract The Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) complex is currently comprised of at least eight morphotypes, including several that are likely to be described as new species. It is critical to evaluate whether the morphotypes differ in tolerance to phytosanitary treatments. Temperatures from 0 to 3°C are used as a phytosanitary treatment for some commodities exported from the region and at risk of infestation by the A. fraterculus complex. Description of A. fraterculus morphotypes as new species could result in the annulation of phytosanitary treatment schedules for the new species. This study compared the relative cold tolerance of five populations from three morphotypes of the A. fraterculus complex: Andean, Peruvian, and Brazilian-1. Both a laboratory and wild strain of the Brazilian-1 morphotype were studied. Differences in mortality of third instars of the five A. fraterculus populations reared on nectarines were observed only with short treatment durations at temperatures ranging from 1.38 ± 0.04°C to 1.51 ± 0.08°C (mean ± SEM). Estimated times to achieve the LT99.99682 (probit 9) showed that Brazilian-1 wild, Brazilian-1 laboratory, and Cusco population were the most cold tolerant, followed by Andean and Peruvian, the least cold tolerant morphotype (i.e., Brazilian-1 wild = Brazilian-1 laboratory = Cusco population &gt; Andean &gt; Peruvian). These findings suggest that the current cold treatment schedules of 15 d at ≤ 1.11°C and 17 d at ≤ 1.67°C can be applied as cold treatments to any potential new species that may arise from the A. fraterculus complex.

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