scholarly journals Growth Parameters for Films of Hydrothermally Synthesized One-Dimensional Nanocrystals of Zinc Oxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Mahmood ◽  
Sadaqat Jan ◽  
Ibrar A. Shah ◽  
Imran Khan
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Seeding Layer ◽  
Potential Applications

Zinc oxide has been the focus of material research due to its potential applications in a variety of novel fields. The material exhibits anisotropic growth in the form of single crystal rods/wires of length in microns and thickness in several tens of nanometers through a facile and low temperature hydrothermal route wherein size, morphology, orientation, and growth rate are strongly dependent on a number of synthesis parameters. In this review article we intend to present/discuss the effects of important growth parameters of zinc oxide that have been reported in the literature. These parameters include concentration of the precursor solution, growth time, role of hexamine, synthesis temperature, pH of the precursor, and seeding layer deposited on a substrate.

Optimization of the Silicidation and Growth Processes for 3C-SiC Heteroepitaxy on Diamond Substrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Soulière ◽  
Davy Carole ◽  
Gabriel Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Silicon Layer ◽  
Liquid Silicon ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Seeding Layer ◽  
Diamond Substrate

This work reports on the CVD heteroepitaxial growth of 3C-SiC layers on diamond (100) substrates. To obtain good layer quality, the growth procedure involves a “silicidation” step consisting in depositing a silicon layer by CVD on the diamond substrate, in order to elaborate a very thin SiC buffer layer. 3C-SiC growth is then performed on this SiC seeding layer. Silicidation and growth parameters have been studied in order to improve the quality and the morphology uniformity of the heteroepitaxial layer. The study points out the role of liquid silicon during the growth process.

scholarly journals Improvement of Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Photovoltaic Cells with Zinc Oxide Nanorods

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Fang-I Lai ◽  
Jui-Fu Yang ◽  
Yu-Chao Hsu ◽  
Shou-Yi Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Oxide Nanorods

In this study, zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) were produced using a chemical solution method, which was applied to the surfaces of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film photovoltaic cells as an anti-reflective layer (ARL). ZnO NRs of different lengths were grown on Si substrates by controlling the growth time. They were then analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), UV-vis spectrometer, and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), thereby obtaining the optimal growth conditions for ZnO NRs. The optimal growth parameters were applied to the surface of a-Si:H thin-film photovoltaic cells. The results show that the short-circuit current density increased from 6.23 mA/cm2 to 8.05 mA/cm2, and the efficiency increased from 3.49% to 4.51%, an increase of approximately 29%. In addition, ZnO NRs growing on the surfaces of a-Si:H thin-film photovoltaic cells can reduce the hydrophilicity. The experimental results show that ZnO NRs have great application potential, not only for improving the conversion efficiency, but also for protecting the devices from external environmental influences.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Vapor-Solid Growth of ZnO Nanowhiskers for Electron Field Emission

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Hedrich ◽  
Stefanie Haugg ◽  
Leutrim Pacarizi ◽  
Kaline P. Furlan ◽  
Robert H. Blick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Electron Field Emission ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Electron Field

One-dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures have aroused interest from scientists and engineers for electron field emission applications because of their experimentally accessible high aspect ratio in combination with their low work function. A comprehensive study of the vapor-solid growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowhiskers by utilizing zinc acetylacetonate hydrate and oxygen at low temperature (580 °C) is reported herein. The nanowhiskers morphology was investigated by varying different growth parameters, such as temperature, substrate type and position, gas flow, precursor amount, and growth time. According to the obtained parameter dependences, the process was optimized to achieve homogenous crystalline nanowhiskers with high aspect ratios and clearly defined surface facets and tips. We show electron field emission measurements from tailor-made ZnO nanowhiskers grown on n-doped silicon, titanium thin films, and free-standing silicon nitride membranes, revealing field emission turn-on fields significantly lower compared to a perfect flat ZnO thin film. Especially the latter devices—ZnO nanowhiskers on a free-standing membrane—might pave the way into a novel nanomembrane detector unit in proteomics, which can significantly extend the mass range of current time-of-flight mass spectrometers.

The application of virtual reality in health professions� digital education: a narrative review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Tudor Car ◽  
Bhone Myint Kyaw ◽  
Josip Car
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Potential Applications

BACKGROUND Digital technology called Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly employed in health professions’ education. Yet, based on the current evidence, its use is narrowed around a few most applications and disciplines. There is a lack of an overview that would capture the diversity of different VR applications in health professions’ education and inform its use and research. OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to explore different potential applications of VR in health professions’ education. METHODS The narrative synthesis approach to literature review was used to analyse the existing evidence. RESULTS We outline the role of VR features such as immersion, interactivity and feedback and explain the role of VR devices. Based on the type and scope of educational content VR can represent space, individuals, objects, structures or their combination. Application of VR in medical education encompasses environmental, organ and micro level. Environmental VR focuses on training in relation to health professionals’ environment and human interactions. Organ VR educational content targets primarily human body anatomy; and micro VR microscopic structures at the level of cells, molecules and atoms. We examine how different VR features and health professional education areas match these three VR types. CONCLUSIONS We conclude by highlighting the gaps in the literature and providing suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Focused ultrasound in neuro-oncology: the role of the Focused Ultrasound Foundation in driving adoption and innovation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Whipple ◽  
Camille A. Favero ◽  
Neal F. Kassell
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Tumor Agent

Abstract Introduction Intra-arterial (lA) delivery of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an evolving strategy which enables the distribution of high concentration therapeutics through a targeted vascular territory, while potentially limiting systemic toxicity. Studies have demonstrated lA methods to be safe and efficacious for a variety of therapeutics. However, further characterization of the clinical efficacy of lA therapy for the treatment of brain tumors and refinement of its potential applications are necessary. Methods We have reviewed the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting superselective intraarterial cerebral infusion (SSJACI) with BBB disruption for the treatment of brain tumors. In addition, we review ongoing clinical trials expanding the applicability and investigating the efficacy of lA therapy for the treatment of brain tumors. Results Trends in recent studies have embraced the use of SSIACI and less neurotoxic chemotherapies. The majority of trials continue to use mannitol as the preferred method of hyperosmolar BBB disruption. Recent preclinical and preliminary human investigations into the lA delivery of Bevacizumab have demonstrated its safety and efficacy as an anti-tumor agent both alone and in combination with chemotherapy. Conclusion lA drug delivery may significantly affect the way treatment are delivered to patients with brain tumors, and in particular GBM. With refinement and standardization of the techniques of lA drug delivery, improved drug selection and formulations, and the development of methods to minimize treatment-related neurological injury, lA therapy may offer significant benefits for the treatment of brain tumors.

scholarly journals Phytoextraction of Lead Using a Hedge Plant [Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson]: Physiological and Biochemical Alterations through Bioresource Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5074
Author(s):  
Urooj Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Farhat Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Yamin ◽  
Fariha Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
Pb Concentration

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach that can be used for the remediation of metals in polluted soil. This study used a hedge plant–calico (Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson) to determine the role of citric acid in lead (Pb) phytoremediation by exposing it to different concentrations of Pb (0, 200, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) as well as in a combination with citric acid concentration (0, 250, 500 µM). The analysis of variance was applied on results for significant effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables using SPSS (ver10). According to the results, maximum Pb concentration was measured in the upper parts of the plant. An increase in dry weight biomass, plant growth parameters, and photosynthetic contents was observed with the increase of Pb application (200 mg kg−1) in soil while a reduced growth was experienced at higher Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). The antioxidant enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced under lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas the reduction occurred at greater metal concentration Pb (1000 mg kg−1). There was a usual reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL) at lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas EL increased at maximum Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). We concluded that this hedge plant, A. Bettzickiana, has the greater ability to remediate polluted soils aided with citric acid application.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Growth by the role of pH variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
Arlina Ali ◽  
Mahani Yusoff ◽  
An’amt Mohamed Noor ◽  
Pao Ter Teo ◽  
Sarizam Mamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Opportunities to Understand and Detect Neoplastic Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582199932
Author(s):  
Laura Bongiovanni ◽  
Anneloes Andriessen ◽  
Marca H. M. Wauben ◽  
Esther N. M. Nolte-’t Hoen ◽  
Alain de Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Veterinary Pathology ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Intercellular Communications

With a size range from 30 to 1000 nm, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the smallest cell components able to transport biologically active molecules. They mediate intercellular communications and play a fundamental role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis in several types of diseases. In particular, EVs actively contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and there is emerging understanding of their role in creation of the metastatic niche. This fact underlies the recent exponential growth in EV research, which has improved our understanding of their specific roles in disease and their potential applications in diagnosis and therapy. EVs and their biomolecular cargo reflect the state of the diseased donor cells, and can be detected in body fluids and exploited as biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. Relatively few studies have been published on EVs in the veterinary field. This review provides an overview of the features and biology of EVs as well as recent developments in EV research including techniques for isolation and analysis, and will address the way in which the EVs released by diseased tissues can be studied and exploited in the field of veterinary pathology. Uniquely, this review emphasizes the important contribution that pathologists can make to the field of EV research: pathologists can help EV scientists in studying and confirming the role of EVs and their molecular cargo in diseased tissues and as biomarkers in liquid biopsies.

The role of Ga and Bi doping on the local structure of transparent zinc oxide thin films

2021 ◽  
pp. 159489
Author(s):  
Filipe C. Correia ◽  
Joana M. Ribeiro ◽  
Alexei Kuzmin ◽  
Inga Pudza ◽  
Aleksandr Kalinko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Oxide Thin Films ◽  
Bi Doping

scholarly journals Modeling Gastrointestinal Diseases Using Organoids to Understand Healing and Regenerative Processes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331
Author(s):  
Alexane Ollivier ◽  
Maxime M. Mahe ◽  
Géraldine Guasch
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Epithelial Wound Healing ◽  
Potential Applications

The gastrointestinal tract is a continuous series of organs from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, intestine and anus that allows digestion to occur. These organs are frequently associated with chronic stress and injury during life, subjecting these tissues to frequent regeneration and to the risk of developing disease-associated cancers. The possibility of generating human 3D culture systems, named organoids, that resemble histologically and functionally specific organs, has opened up potential applications in the analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in epithelial wound healing and regenerative therapy. Here, we review how during normal development homeostasis takes place, and the role of the microenvironmental niche cells in the intestinal stem cell crypt as an example. Then, we introduce the notion of a perturbed niche during disease conditions affecting the esophageal–stomach junction and the colon, and describe the potential applications of organoid models in the analysis of human gastrointestinal disease mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the perspectives of organoid-based regenerative therapy to improve the repair of the epithelial barrier.

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