scholarly journals A Child with Severe Malaria Presenting with Acute Surgical Abdomen (Duodenal Perforation)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Tika Ram Bhandari ◽  
Sudha Shahi ◽  
Rajesh Poudel ◽  
Nagendra Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Duodenal Perforation ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Complicated Malaria

Plasmodium falciparum, the commonest cause of severe malaria in children, is an important cause of mortality in developing nations like Nepal. Duodenal perforation in a case of complicated malaria, although a rare entity, can occur in children. Early diagnosis, proper medical treatment, and early surgical repair can be a lifesaving measure in such cases. Here, we report a case of a 5-year-old male child withfalciparummalaria complicated by a duodenal perforation that was successively managed with appropriate antimalarial drugs and early surgical repair.

scholarly journals Severe Malaria Associated with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax among Children in Pawe Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Geleta ◽  
Tsige Ketema
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Complicated Malaria ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening

Despite rigorous effort made to control malaria for more than a century, it is still among the main public health problems in least developed regions of the world. Majority of deaths associated with malaria occur in sub-Sahara Africa among biologically risked groups. Thus, this study was designed to assess the incidence of severe malaria syndromes among children in Pawe Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Children seeking medication for malaria infection in Pawe Hospital during the study period were recruited. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical, hematological, and clinical features of complicated malaria were assessed following standard parasitological and clinical procedures. A total of 263 children were found malaria positive. Among these, 200 were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Most of the severe malaria symptoms were observed among children infected with P. falciparum and P. vivax. The study showed that significant number of the children developed severe life threatening malaria complications. This calls for prompt early diagnosis and effective treatment of patients to reduce mortality and complications associated with malaria in the study site.

Plasmodium falciparum Clearance Is Pitting-Dependent With Artemisinin-Based Drugs but Pitting-Independent With Atovaquone-Proguanil or Mefloquine

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wojnarski ◽  
Oussama Mouri ◽  
Charlotte Chambrion ◽  
Camille Roussel ◽  
Nathalie Chartrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Frequent Adverse Event ◽  
Antimalarial Therapy

AbstractPitting, the removal of dead parasites from their host erythrocyte, has been studied in patients with severe malaria treated parenterally with quinine or artesunate, and was recently shown to contribute to delayed hemolysis, a frequent adverse event of artesunate. We quantified pitting in 81 travelers treated with oral antimalarial therapy. Pitting rate was high (55.8%) with artemisinin-based combinations, but <10% with the nonartemisinin drugs quinine, mefloquine, and atovaquone-proguanil. This may, in part, explain the slower parasite clearance in patients treated with antimalarial drugs lacking an artemisinin component, as well as the absence of posttreatment hemolysis with these drugs.

COMPARISON OF INTRAMUSCULAR AND INTRAVENOUS QUININE FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE AND COMPLICATED MALARIA IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
A Schapira ◽  
T Solomon ◽  
M Julien
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
Hemorrhagic Diathesis ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Complicated Malaria ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population

Intravenous (IV) quinine is the standard treatment for severe malaria where chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum is found. Because of the advantages of intramuscular (IM) administration, a study was performed to compare these methods of administration in children with severe and complicated malaria. The study population was children from 6 months to 7 years of age, all of whom had asexual Plasmodium falciparum in the blood smear and at least one of the following: rigorously defined cerebral malaria; probable cerebral malaria; hyperparasitemia; or severe malaria. Exclusions included those who had: received quinine within a week; received an excessive dose of chloroquine within 48 hours; a history of quinine intolerance; or signs of circulatory shock or hemorrhagic diathesis. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: 1) quinine dihydrochloride administered intravenously with an initial loading dose of 20 mg/kg in 5% glucose, 20 mL/kg over 4 hours, followed by 10 mg/kg in 5% glucose, 10 mL/kg intravenously over 2 hours every 8 hours; 2) quinine dihydrochloride 10 mg/kg by deep IM injection at alternating sites every 8 hours. A loading dose was applied by repetition of the initial dose after 2 hours. Treatment was changed to oral medication 10 mg/kg every 8 hours when they were well enough to do so. There were 47 patients in the IV group and 57 in the IM group. The two groups were comparable in all aspects including malnutrition, anemia, and splenomegaly. Seventeen percent (17%) of the IV group died and 7% of the IM group died. The mean parasite clearance, fever clearance, and coma clearance times were similar in both groups. There were two sterile abscesses in the IM group. The authors conclude that IM quinine is as effective as IV in children with severe and complicated malaria.

Surgical excision of an epicardial ventricular hydatid cyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Paritosh Ballal ◽  
Alur Chikkabasavaiah Nagamani ◽  
Sadiq Ahmed Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Cyst Excision ◽  
Cyst Rupture

Isolated cardiac hydatid cyst is a rare entity. It warrants early surgical repair because cyst rupture is potentially fatal. We report the case of a 32-year-old lady with an epicardial ventricular hydatid cyst, which was managed successfully by complete cyst excision.

scholarly journals Predictors of treatment failures of plasmodium falciparum malaria in Vietnam: a 4-year single‐centre retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Cuong Duong ◽  
Oanh Kieu Nguyet Pham ◽  
Phong Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Van Vinh Chau Nguyen ◽  
Phu Hoan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Burden

Abstract Background Drug-resistant falciparum malaria is an increasing public health burden. This study examined the magnitude of Plasmodium falciparum infection and the patterns and predictors of treatment failure in Vietnam. Methods Medical records of all 443 patients with malaria infection admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases between January 2015 and December 2018 were used to extract information on demographics, risk factors, symptoms, laboratory tests, treatment, and outcome. Results More than half (59.8%, 265/443, CI 55.1–64.4%) of patients acquired Plasmodium falciparum infection of whom 21.9% (58/265, CI 17.1–27.4%) had severe malaria, while 7.2% (19/265, CI 4.6–10.9%) and 19.2% (51/265, CI 14.7–24.5%) developed early treatment failure (ETF) and late treatment failure (LTF) respectively. Among 58 patients with severe malaria, 14 (24.1%) acquired infection in regions where artemisinin resistance has been documented including Binh Phuoc (11 patients), Dak Nong (2 patients) and Gia Lai (1 patient). Under treatment with intravenous artesunate, the median (IQR) parasite half-life of 11 patients coming from Binh Phuoc was 3 h (2.3 to 8.3 h), two patients coming from Dak Nong was 2.8 and 5.7 h, and a patient coming from Gia Lai was 6.5 h. Most patients (98.5%, 261/265) recovered completely. Four patients with severe malaria died. Severe malaria was statistically associated with receiving treatment at previous hospitals (P < 0.001), hepatomegaly (P < 0.001) and number of inpatient days (P < 0.001). Having severe malaria was a predictor of ETF (AOR 6.96, CI 2.55–19.02, P < 0.001). No predictor of LTF was identified. Conclusions Plasmodium falciparum remains the prevalent malaria parasite. Despite low mortality rate, severe malaria is not rare and is a significant predictor of ETF. To reduce the risk for ETF, studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of combination therapy including parenteral artesunate and a parenteral partner drug for severe malaria. The study alerts the possibility of drug-resistant malaria in Africa and other areas in Vietnam, which are known as non-endemic areas of anti-malarial drug resistance. A more comprehensive study using molecular technique in these regions is required to completely understand the magnitude of drug-resistant malaria and to design appropriate control strategies.

scholarly journals Allelic diversity of merozoite surface protein genes (msp1 and msp2) and clinical manifestations of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases in Aceh, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurnia Fitri Jamil ◽  
Nandha Rizki Pratama ◽  
Sylvia Sance Marantina ◽  
Harapan Harapan ◽  
Muhammad Riza Kurniawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Aceh Province

Abstract Background The malaria control programme in Indonesia has successfully brought down malaria incidence in many parts in Indonesia, including Aceh Province. Clinical manifestation of reported malaria cases in Aceh varied widely from asymptomatic, mild uncomplicated to severe and fatal complications. The present study aims to explore the allelic diversity of merozoite surface protein 1 gene (msp1) and msp2 among the Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Aceh Province and to determine their potential correlation with the severity of malaria clinical manifestation. Methods Screening of over 500 malaria cases admitted to the hospitals in 11 districts hospital within Aceh Province during 2013–2015, identified 90 cases of P. falciparum mono-infection without any co-morbidity. The subjects were clinically phenotyped and parasite DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified for the msp1 and msp2 allelic subfamilies. Results Analysis of clinical manifestation revealed that fever-chill is the most frequent symptom. Based on WHO criteria showed 19 cases were classified as severe and 71 as mild malaria. Analysis of msp1 gene revealed the presence of K1 allele subfamily in 34 subjects, MAD20 in 42 subjects, RO33 in 1 subject, and mixed allelic of K1 + MAD20 in 5 subjects, K1 + RO33 in 4 subjects, and MAD20 + RO33 in 4 subjects. Analysis of msp2 gene revealed 34 subjects carried the FC27 allelic subfamily, 37 subjects carried the 3D7 and 19 subjects carried the mixed FC27 + 3D7. Analysis of multiplicity of infection revealed that msp1 alleles is slightly higher than msp2 with the mean of MOI were 2.69 and 2.27, respectively. Statistical analysis to determine the association between each clinical manifestation and msp1 and msp2 alleles revealed that liver function abnormal value was associated with the msp2 mixed alleles (odds ratio (OR):0.13; 95%CI: 0.03–0.53). Mixed msp1 of K1 + RO33 was associated with severe malaria (OR: 28.50; 95%CI: 1.59–1532.30). Conclusion This study found a strong association between severe malaria in Aceh with subjects carrying the msp1 mixed alleles of K1 and RO33. The liver function abnormal value associated with the msp2 mixed allelic subfamilies. Further study in different geographic areas is recommended.

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