scholarly journals Clozapine Can Be the Good Option in Resistant Mania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
S. M. Yasir Arafat ◽  
S. M. Atikur Rahman ◽  
Md. Maruful Haque ◽  
Mohsin Ali Shah ◽  
Sultana Algin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Good Option ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Bipolar Mood Disorder ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence Rate ◽  
Inpatient Department

Bipolar mood disorder is a mental disorder with a lifetime prevalence rate of about 1% in the general population and there are still a proportion of individuals who suffer from bipolar mood disorders that are resistant to standard treatment. Reporting clozapine responsive mania that was not responding to two previous consecutive atypical antipsychotics and one typical antipsychotic was aimed at. A 17-year-old male manic patient was admitted into the psychiatry inpatient department and was nonresponsive to Risperidone 12 mg daily for 4 weeks, Olanzapine 30 mg daily for 3 weeks, and Haloperidol 30 mg daily for 3 weeks, along with valproate preparation 1500 mg daily. He was started on clozapine as he was nonresponsive to Lithium in previous episodes and did not consent to starting Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT). He responded adequately to 100 mg clozapine and 1500 mg valproate preparation and remission happened within 2 weeks of starting clozapine. Clozapine can be a good option for resistant mania and further RCT based evidences will strengthen the options in treating resistant mania.

scholarly journals Phobias, other psychiatric comorbidities and chronic migraine

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 950-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Corchs ◽  
Juliane P.P. Mercante ◽  
Vera Z. Guendler ◽  
Domingos S. Vieira ◽  
Marcelo R. Masruha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Dsm Iv

BACKGROUND: Comorbidity of chronic migraine (CM) with psychiatric disorders, mostly anxiety and mood disorders, is a well-recognized phenomenon. Phobias are one of the most common anxiety disorders in the general population. Phobias are more common in migraineurs than non-migraineurs. The clinical profile of phobias in CM has never been studied. METHOD: We investigated the psychiatric profile in 56 patients with CM using the SCID I/P interview. RESULTS: Lifetime criteria for at least one mental disorder was found in 87.5% of the sample; 75% met criteria for at least one lifetime anxiety disorder and 60.7% of our sample fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for lifetime phobic avoidant disorders. Mood and anxiety scores were higher in phobic patients than in non-phobic CM controls. Number of phobias correlated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: Phobias are common in CM. Its recognition may influence its management. Early treatment may lead to better prognosis.

scholarly journals Review of the efficacy of placebo in comparative clinical trials between typical and atypical antipsychotics

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irismar Reis de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Menezes Nunes ◽  
Domingos Macedo Coutinho ◽  
Eduardo Pondé de Sena
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Efficacy Parameters ◽  
Typical Antipsychotics

OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy of placebo in comparison with atypical and typical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and to evaluate the pertinence of using placebo in clinical trials with antipsychotics. METHOD: Trials in which the atypical antipsychotics were compared with typical antipsychotics and placebo were included. A search was conducted using the terms "amisulpride", "aripiprazole", "clozapine", "olanzapine", "quetiapine", "risperidone", "sertindole", "ziprasidone" and "zotepine". Main efficacy parameters were calculated using the proportion of "events" (defined as a deterioration or lack of improvement by at least 20% in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) and the pooled relative risk with random effects, with their respective 95% confidence intervals. We also calculated the necessary sample sizes in studies in which the study drug is compared to a typical antipsychotic or placebo. RESULTS: The pooled efficacy rates observed were 40.8%, 34.9% and 21.3% for the atypical antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics and placebo, respectively. One hundred and sixty six patients would have to be included when a new drug is compared with placebo if calculation is based on a difference of 20% found between the atypical antipsychotic and placebo and 2,054 if the difference sought were that found between the atypical antipsychotic and the typical antipsychotic, i.e. 6%. The estimated therapeutic failures would be 115 of the 166 patients when the study drug is compared with placebo, and 1,274 failures in the 2,054 patients when the study drug is compared to the typical antipsychotic. CONCLUSIONS: Placebo controlled studies may reduce the number of individuals exposed to the harmful effects of ineffective drugs.

scholarly journals Kleptomania, mood disorder and lithium

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Lopes Rocha ◽  
Maria Elizabete Guimarães Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Lithium Therapy ◽  
Bipolar Mood Disorder

Kleptomania has been found in association with major depression in a fairly large number of reports in recent years. We describe a patient with concurrent DSM-III-R Bipolar Mood Disorder and Kleptomania, whose symptoms remitted completely, apparently in response to lithium therapy, which raised the possibility that pharmacological treatment may benefit kleptomania. Further studies are needed to establish the possible relationship between kleptomania, mood disorders and lithium therapy.

scholarly journals Review of smoking cessation treatments for people with mental illness

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Campion ◽  
Ken Checinski ◽  
Jo Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
People With Mental Illness

This article reviews the current literature regarding treatments for smoking cessation in both the general population and in those with mental health problems. The gold-standard treatment for the general population is pharmacotherapy (nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or varenicline) coupled with individual or group psychological support. This is also effective in helping people with mental illness to reduce or quit smoking, but care must be taken to avoid adverse medication interactions and to monitor antipsychotic medication in particular as cigarette consumption reduces.

Types of Mental Disorders in People with Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Challenging Behaviours

Mental disorders are common in people with intellectual disability, with a reported point prevalence of 36% in children and young people (including challenging behaviours), and 40.9% in adults (or 28.3% excluding challenging behaviours). People with intellectual disability experience all types of mental disorders, some more commonly than the general population, e.g. autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and dementia. Challenging behaviours are also common, and have no clear general population equivalent. Multi-morbidity of mental and physical disorders is typical. Mental disorder assessments are complex due to multi-morbidity and polypharmacy, in addition to impairments in communication, understanding, vision, and hearing, and the need to work with family and paid carers as well as the person with intellectual disability. Mental disorder classificatory systems have been developed for people with intellectual disability, in view of under-reporting when using general population manuals: DC-LD was designed to complement ICD-10, and DM-ID 2 to interpret DSM-5.

scholarly journals Mental disorders and total mortality after 20 years in an adult general population sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich John ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Rumpf ◽  
Monika Hanke ◽  
Christian Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background. General population data on associations between mental disorders and total mortality are rare. The aim was to analyze whether the number of mental disorders, single substance use, mood, anxiety, somatoform or eating disorders during the lifetime and whether treatment utilization may predict time to death 20 years later in the general adult population. Methods. We used data from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, which includes DSM-IV diagnoses for substance use, mood, anxiety, somatoform, and eating disorders, for a sample of 4,075 residents in Germany who were 18–64 years old in 1996. Twenty years later, mortality was ascertained using the public mortality database for 4,028 study participants. Cox proportional hazards models were applied for disorders that existed at any time in life before the interview. Results. The data revealed increased hazard ratios (HRs) for number of mental disorders (three or more; HR 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.9) and for single disorders (alcohol dependence, dysthymia, panic disorder with agoraphobia, and hypochondriasis), with the reference group being study participants who had not suffered from any of the mental disorders analyzed and with adjustments made for age, sex, and education. Among individuals with any mental disorder during their lifetimes, having been an inpatient in treatment for a mental disorder was related to a higher HR (2.2; CI 1.6–3.0) than was not having been in any treatment for a mental disorder. Conclusions. In this sample of adults in the general population, three or more mental disorders, alcohol dependence, dysthymia, panic disorder with agoraphobia, and hypochondriasis were related to premature death.

scholarly journals Physical examination in psychiatric practice

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Garden
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Physical Disease

Physical disease is more prevalent in people with mental disorder than in the general population. It is important for psychiatrists to maintain skills in physical examination to ensure that physical illness is diagnosed and treated appropriately. A sound knowledge of medical illness ensures that examination is targeted at the relevant diseases. Mental health units should provide adequate facilities and equipment. All detailed examinations should be undertaken in the presence of a chaperone. Opportunities for psychiatrists to refresh their knowledge and skill are suggested.

The prevalence, age-of-onset and the correlates of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in the Tianjin Mental Health Survey (TJMHS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yin ◽  
G. Xu ◽  
H. Tian ◽  
G. Yang ◽  
K. J. Wardenaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Mental Health Survey

BackgroundTo effectively shape mental healthcare policy in modern-day China, up-to-date epidemiological data on mental disorders is needed. The objective was to estimate the prevalence, age-of-onset (AOO) and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders in a representative household sample of the general population (age ⩾ 18) in the Tianjin Municipality in China.MethodsData came from the Tianjin Mental health Survey (TJMHS), which was conducted between July 2011 and March 2012 using a two-phase design. 11 748 individuals were screened with an expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire and 4438 subjects were selected for a diagnostic interview by a psychiatrist, using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – fourth edition (SCID).ResultsThe lifetime and 1-month prevalence of any mental disorder were 23.6% and 12.8%, respectively. Mood disorders (lifetime: 9.3%; 1-month: 3.9%), anxiety disorders (lifetime: 4.5% 1-month: 3.1%) and substance-use disorders (lifetime: 8.8%; 1-month: 3.5%) were most prevalent. The median AOO ranged from 25 years [interquartile range (IQR): 23–32] for substance-use disorders to 36 years (IQR: 24–50) for mood disorders. Not being married, non-immigrant status (i.e. local ‘Hukou’), being a farmer, having <6 years of education and male gender were associated with a higher lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder.ConclusionResults from the current survey indicate that mental disorders are steadily reported more commonly in rapidly-developing urban China. Several interesting sociodemographic correlates were observed (e.g. male gender and non-immigrant status) that warrant further investigation and could be used to profile persons in need of preventive intervention.

Difficulty in making contact with others and social withdrawal as early signs of psychosis in adolescents – the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mäki ◽  
S. Koskela ◽  
G.K. Murray ◽  
T. Nordström ◽  
J. Miettunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Episode Psychosis

AbstractAimSocial withdrawal is among the first signs of the prodromal state of psychosis seen in clinical samples. The aim of this prospective study was to find out whether difficulty in making contact with others and social withdrawal precede first episode psychosis in the young general population.MethodsThe members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 6274) completed the PROD-screen questionnaire in 2001–2002. The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was used to detect both new psychotic and non-psychotic disorders requiring hospitalisation during 2003–2008.ResultsTwenty-three subjects developed psychosis and 89 developed a non-psychotic mental disorder requiring hospitalisation during the follow-up. Of those who developed psychosis, 35% had reported difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others and 30% social withdrawal in adolescence. In hospitalised non-psychotic disorder, the corresponding precentages were 10 and 13% and in the control group without hospital-treated mental disorder 9 and 11%. The differences between psychotic and non-psychotic hospitalised subjects (P < 0.01) as well as controls (P < 0.001) were statistically significant regarding difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others.ConclusionsIn this general population-based sample self-reported difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others in adolescence preceded psychosis specifically compared to hospitalised non-psychotic mental disorders and controls.

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