scholarly journals Typical Facial Lesions: A Window of Suspicion for Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis—A Case of Asian Prototype

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Prasan K. Panda ◽  
Siddharth Jain ◽  
Rita Sood ◽  
Rajni Yadav ◽  
Naval K. Vikram
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis is caused by a dimorphic fungusHistoplasma capsulatumin endemic areas, mainly America, Africa, and Asia. In India, it is being reported from most states; however, it is endemic along the Ganges belt. We report a case of an apparently immunocompetent male who presented with 3-month history of fever, cough, and weight loss with recent onset odynophagia and had hepatosplenomegaly and mucocutaneous lesions over the face. The differential diagnosis of leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal infection, lymphoproliferative malignancy, and other granulomatous disorders was considered, but he succumbed to his illness. Antemortem skin biopsy and bone marrow aspiration along with postmortem liver, lung, and spleen biopsy showed disseminated histoplasmosis. This case highlights the need for an early suspicion of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in the presence of classical mucocutaneous lesions even in an immunocompetent patient suffering from a febrile illness. Cure rate approaches almost 100% with early treatment, whereas it is universally fatal if left untreated.

scholarly journals An Italian Case of Disseminated Histoplasmosis Associated with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Chiara Papalini ◽  
Barbara Belfiori ◽  
Giovanni Martino ◽  
Rita Papili ◽  
Lucia Pitzurra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
One Year

Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus, endemic in the Americas, Africa (var. duboisii), India, and Southeast Asia. H. capsulatum infection is rarely diagnosed in Italy, while in Latin America, progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) is one of the most frequent AIDS-defining illnesses and causes of AIDS-related deaths. We report a case of PDH and new HIV infection diagnosis in a Cuban patient, who has been living in Italy for the past 10 years. Bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood smear microscopy suggested H. capsulatum infection. The diagnosis was confirmed with the culture method identifying its thermal dimorphism. Liposomal amphotericin B was administered alone for 10 days and then for another 2 days, accompanied with voriconazole; the former was stopped for probable side effects (persistent fever and worsening thrombocytopenia), and voriconazole was continued to complete 4 weeks. PDH maintenance treatment consisted of itraconazole for one year. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was started on the third week of antifungal treatment. At the 3-year follow-up, the patient is adherent on ART, the virus was suppressed, and she has an optimal immune recovery. This case highlights the need to suspect histoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised persons, native to or who have traveled to endemic countries.

scholarly journals Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Spinello Antinori ◽  
Andrea Giacomelli ◽  
Mario Corbellino ◽  
Alessandro Torre ◽  
Marco Schiuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Living With Hiv

Human histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by two distinct varieties of a dimorphic fungus: Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. In Europe, it is usually imported by migrants and travellers, although there have been some autochthonous cases, especially in Italy; however, most European physicians are unfamiliar with its clinical and pathological picture, particularly among immunocompromised patients without HIV infection. This systematic review of all the cases of histoplasmosis reported in Europe and Israel between 2005 and 2020 identified 728 cases diagnosed in 17 European countries and Israel described in 133 articles. The vast majority were imported (mainly from Central and South America), but there were also seven autochthonous cases (six in Europe and one in Israel). The patients were prevalently males (60.4%), and their ages ranged from 2 to 86 years. The time between leaving an endemic region and the diagnosis of histoplasmosis varied from a few weeks to more than 40 years. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis was the most frequent clinical picture among people living with HIV infection (89.5%) or a different immunocompromising condition (57.1%), but it was also recorded in 6.2% of immunocompetent patients. Twenty-eight cases were caused by Histoplasma duboisii. Immunocompromised patients without HIV infection had the worst outcomes, with a mortality rate of 32%.

scholarly journals DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS LEADING TO HAEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
I. D. Khan ◽  
M. Brijwal ◽  
I. Joshi ◽  
B. Singh ◽  
B. Poonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis

Background: Emerging fungal infections can pose a serious threat in contemporary healthcare due to host variations, clinical presentation and emerging resistance. Histoplasma capsulatum is a thermally dimorphic fungus, which acts as a Trojan horse by residing inside macrophages. Histoplasmosis is an emerging infection and its association with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in immunocompetent patients has been scantily reported in the literature. Objective. The aim of the study was to explore disseminated histoplasmosis with the help of case report. Methods: A case report of histoid leprosy is presented. Results: A male patient of 47 yearsof age, under treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for five years and diabetes mellitus Type-II for two years, presented with fever of unknown origin (FUO) with evidence of HLH in the bone marrow. Core biopsy of the liver and spleen showed a dense tissue infiltrate with vacuolated histiocytes containing histoplasma capsulatum, eosinophils, some lymphocytes and plasma cells. Conclusion: Histoid leprosy is a discrete infrequent form of multibacillary leprosy with distinctive clinical, bacteriological and histomorphological features. Histopathologic examination with modified fite stain remains the mainstay of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Bats, Fever and Adenopathy – What Is the Link?

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J Manolakos ◽  
Mohan Cooray ◽  
Ameen Patel ◽  
Shariq Haider
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Salvage Therapy ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis

A case of travel-related, subacute, progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in a nonimmunocompromised individual is described. The present case highlights the environmental exposure toHistoplasma capsulatumin Costa Rica, the diagnostic approach and treatment options, as well as new alternatives for salvage therapy for histoplasmosis infection.

scholarly journals Disseminated histoplasmosis in a renal transplant recipient – a fatal case report

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165
Author(s):  
Tânia Mara L.B. Araújo ◽  
Geraldo B. Silva Junior ◽  
Orivaldo A. Barbosa ◽  
Rafael S.A. Lima ◽  
Elizabeth F. Daher
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipient ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Vasoactive Drugs ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum.. The disseminated form is usually found in immunocompromised patients. A 53 year-old man, renal transplant recipient, was admitted with fever, dyspnea, productive cough, adynamia and weight loss. He was septic, but hemodynamically stable. The tracheal aspirate found intracellular fungi and the peripheral blood exam was compatible with histoplasmosis. The patient presented a progressive worsening of respiratory pattern and needed mechanical ventilation, vasoactive drugs and hemodialysis. A large spectrum antimicrobial therapy was started, including amphotericin B, but the patient died. Keyword: Disseminated histoplasmosis. Kidney transplantation. Immunosuppression DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v12i2.7125 JOM 2011; 12(2): 163-165

Cytologic Diagnosis of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in the Wall of the Urinary Bladder of a Cat

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Taylor ◽  
James W. Barr ◽  
Jessica A. Hokamp ◽  
Mark C. Johnson ◽  
Benjamin D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Urinary Bladder Wall ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recurrent Hematuria ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound Examination

A 10 yr old domestic longhair presented with a 2.5 mo history of recurrent hematuria. Abdominal ultrasound examination demonstrated a thickened urinary bladder, abdominal lymphadenopathy, and a thickened and rounded spleen. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirate samples revealed Histoplasma capsulatum organisms in the urinary bladder wall and spleen. The cat was treated with itraconazole (10 mg/kg per os q 24 hr for 2.5 wk). The cat was euthanized after 19 days of treatment because of lack of improvement. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documented case of feline disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed in the urinary bladder wall.

A Child with Chronic Fungal Infection in Bangladesh that Mimicked Malignancy: Disseminated Histoplasmosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshita Reza Khan ◽  
Chowdhury Yakub Jamal ◽  
Anwarul Karim ◽  
Ismat Nigar ◽  
Farah Diba
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Osteolytic Lesion ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Multiple Abscess ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Reservoir

Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus, which primarily causes a pulmonary disease. It is found throughout the world with the soil being the environmental reservoir. In infants and toddlers, disseminated histoplasmosis is the commonest presentation. In this age group, 60-80% patients has acute disseminated progressive disease. Disseminated histoplasmosis may also cause bone involvement with osteolytic lesion. Here, we have described a rare and unusual disseminated histoplasmosis, a 3 and half year old boy from Bangladesh with multiple abscess like soft tissue lesions, along with multiple osteolytic bone lesions.Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (2) :94-97

scholarly journals Detection of Histoplasma capsulatum Antigen in Panamanian Patients with Disseminated Histoplasmosis and AIDS

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Gutierrez ◽  
Alfredo Canton ◽  
Patricia Connolly ◽  
Robert Zarnowski ◽  
L. Joseph Wheat
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Antigen Assay ◽  
Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis

ABSTRACT Histoplasmosis is a common endemic mycosis in the Americas, often causing severe disease in patients with AIDS. Antigen detection has become an important method for rapid diagnosis of histoplasmosis in the United States but not in Central or South America. Isolates from patients in the United States are predominantly found to be class 2 isolates when typed using the nuclear gene YPS3, while isolates from Latin America are predominantly typed as class 5 or class 6. Whether infection with these Latin American genotypes produces positive results in the Histoplasma antigen assay has not been reported. In this study, we have compared the sensitivity of antigen detection for AIDS patients from Panama who had progressive disseminated histoplasmosis to that for those in the United States. Antigenuria was detected in the MVista Histoplasma antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 95.2% of Panamanian cases versus 100% of U.S. cases. Antigenemia was detected in 94.7% of the Panamanian cases versus 92% of the U.S. cases. Two clinical isolates from Panama were typed using YPS3 and were found to be restriction fragment length polymorphism class 6. We conclude that the MVista Histoplasma antigen EIA is a sensitive method for diagnosis of histoplasmosis in Panama.

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