scholarly journals The In Vitro Antimicrobial Effects of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobial Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie de Rapper ◽  
Alvaro Viljoen ◽  
Sandy van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Stock Solutions

The paper focuses on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) essential oil in combination with four commercial antimicrobial agents. Stock solutions of chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nystatin, and fusidic acid were tested in combination with L. angustifolia essential oil. The antimicrobial activities of the combinations were investigated against the Gram-positive bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27858) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) was selected to represent the yeasts. The antimicrobial effect was performed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) microdilution assay. Isobolograms were constructed for varying ratios. The most prominent interaction was noted when L. angustifolia essential oil was combined with chloramphenicol and tested against the pathogen P. aeruginosa (ΣFIC of 0.29). Lavendula angustifolia essential oil was shown in most cases to interact synergistically with conventional antimicrobials when combined in ratios where higher volumes of L. angustifolia essential oil were incorporated into the combination.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil Extracted from Leaves of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le in Vietnam

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhan Trong Le ◽  
Duc Viet Ho ◽  
Tuan Quoc Doan ◽  
Anh Tuan Le ◽  
Ain Raal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Scientific Report ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hiv 1

The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of leaves-extracted essential oil of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le (L. domatiophorus), including antibacterial, antimycotic, antitrichomonas and antiviral effects. The essential oil was obtained using hydrodistillation, with an average yield of 0.34 ± 0.01% (v/w, dry leaves). There were 52 constituents as identified by GC/MS with available authentic standards, representing 96.74% of the entire leaves oil. The essential oil was comprised of three main components, namely viridiflorene (16.47%), (-)-δ-cadinene (15.58%) and γ-muurolene (8.00%). The oil showed good antimicrobial activities against several species: Gram-positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus (two strains) and Enterococcus faecalis, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) values from 0.25 to 1% (v/v); Gram-negative strains such as Escherichia coli (two strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with MIC and MLC values between 2% and 8% (v/v); and finally Candida species, having MIC and MLC between 0.12 and 4% (v/v).Antitrichomonas activity of the oil was also undertaken, showing IC50, IC90 and MLC values of 0.008%, 0.016% and 0.03% (v/v), respectively, after 48h of incubation. The essential oil resultedin being completely ineffective against tested viruses, ssRNA+ (HIV-1, YFV, BVDV, Sb-1, CV-B4), ssRNA- (hRSVA2, VSV), dsRNA (Reo-1), and dsDNA (HSV-1, VV) viruses with EC50 values over 100 µg/mL. This is the first, yet comprehensive, scientific report about the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of the essential oil in L. domatiophorus.

scholarly journals Screening of antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanol extract of Satureja hortensis on foodborne bacteria and fungi

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adiguzel ◽  
H. Ozer ◽  
H. Kilic ◽  
B. Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Satureja Hortensis ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The present work reports the <i>in vitro</i> antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extract from <i>Satureja hortensis</i> as well as the content of its essential oil. The chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oil of Satureja hortensis was analysed by means of GC-MS. Thirty constituents were identified. The main constituents of the oil were thymol (40.54%), &gamma;-terpinene (18.56%), carvacrol (13.98%), and <i>p</i>-cymene (8.97). The essential oil of <i>Satureja hortensis</i> exhibited the activity against 25 bacteria, 8 fungi, and a yeast, <i>C. albicans</i>; exerting the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values (MIC) ranging from 15.62 to 250 &micro;l/ml. Similarly, methanol extract of the plant also showed antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals In VitroAntimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil ofThymus schimperi,Matricaria chamomilla,Eucalyptus globulus, andRosmarinus officinalis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awol Mekonnen ◽  
Berhanu Yitayew ◽  
Alemnesh Tesema ◽  
Solomon Taddese
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

In this study, thein vitroantimicrobial activities of four plant essential oils (T. schimperi,E. globulus,R. officinalis, andM. Chamomilla) were evaluated against bacteria and fungi. The studies were carried out using agar diffusion method for screening the most effective essential oils and agar dilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oils. Results of this study revealed that essential oils ofT. schimperi,E. globulus, andR. officinaliswere active against bacteria and some fungi. The antimicrobial effect ofM. chamomillawas found to be weaker and did not show any antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ofT. schimperiwere<15.75 mg/mL for most of the bacteria and fungi used in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the other essential oils were in the range of 15.75–36.33 mg/mL against tested bacteria. This study highlighted the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil ofE. globulus,M. chamomilla,T. Schimperi, andR. officinalis. The results indicated thatT. schimperihave shown strong antimicrobial activity which could be potential candidates for preparation of antimicrobial drug preparation.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 3-, 4-substituted, and 3,4-di Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-435
Author(s):  
Farag A. El-Essawy ◽  
Abdulrahman I. Alharthi ◽  
Mshari A. Alotaibi ◽  
Nancy E. Wahba ◽  
Nader M. Boshta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Quinazoline Derivatives

A novel series of 3-, 4-substituted, and 3,4-di substituted quinazoline derivatives were prepared via various cyclized regents and most of the newly prepared compounds evaluated for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacterial strains and fungi strains. The structures of the quinazoline derivatives have been confirmed using spectroscopic analyses (IR, NMR, and EI-MS). Some of the synthesized derivatives displayed a moderate antimicrobial activity in comparison with reference drugs, for example compounds 13d, 15a, 17b, 18b, 18d, 25, and 29a-c. Among the synthesized compounds, the pyrimidoqunazoline derivative 6c elicited the highest activity.

Synthesis of Novel 3(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl/phenyl Substituted Thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidinones as H1-Anti-Histaminic and Antimicrobial Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Shiv Dev Singh ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Firoz Babar ◽  
Neetu Sachan ◽  
Arun Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pyrimidine Ring ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Chlorpheniramine Maleate ◽  
In Vivo Screening

Background: Thienopyrimidines are the bioisoster of quinazoline and unlike quinazoline exist in three isomeric forms corresponding to the three possible types annulation of thiophene to the pyrimidine ring viz thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine, thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidine and thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine. Heterocyclic containing the thienopyrimidinone moiety exhibits various pronounced activities such as anti-hypertensive, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antiviral, platelet aggregation inhibitory, antiprotozoal bronchodilatory, phosphodiesterase inhibitory, antihistaminic, antipsychotic and antimicrobial activity. Objective: Synthesis of novel 3(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl/phenyl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinones as H1-anti-histaminic and antimicrobial agents. Methods: A series of 3-[(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl/phenyl]-2-(1H)thioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo(b) thieno(2,3-d)pyrimidine-4(3H)-ones[4a-d], their oxo analogous [5a-d] and 3-[(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl]- 2-chlorophenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thieno(2,3-d)pyrimidine- 4 (3H)-ones[6a-d]derivative were synthesized from 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid by nucleophilic substitution of different N,N-dialkyl alkylene/phenylene diamines on activated 3-acylchloride moiety followed by cyclocondensation with carbon disulfide and ethanolic potassium hydroxide to get [4a-d] and in second reaction by condensation with 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride to get [6a-d] by single pot novel innovative route. The oxo analogous [5a-d] were prepared by treating derivatives [4a-d] with potassium permagnate in ethanolic KOH. The synthesized compound were evaluated for H1-antihistaminic and antimicrobial activities. Results: All synthesized compounds exhibited significant H1-antihistaminic activity by in vitro and in vivo screening methods and data were verified analytically and statistically. The compound 4a, 4b, 5a and 5b showed significant H1-antihistaminiic activity than the reference standard chlorpheniramine maleate. The compound 6d, 6c, 5c and 4c exhibited significant antimicrobial activity.

Effectiveness of ZnO Nano Particles against the Foodborne Microbial Pathogens E. coli and S. aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

In this work, various concentrations of ZnO nano particles, prepared by the coprecipitation method with a size range of 47-68 nm, have been investigated as antimicrobial agents. Dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out on two kinds of microbes (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli) according to the standard method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI-2015-M07-A10. The results showed that the antimicrobial effect is larger, the higher the concentration of ZnO nano particles in solution. It was also found that Gram-positive microbes are more sensitive to ZnO nano particles when compared with the Gram-negative ones. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E. coli was found to be 50 mg/mL while that for S. aureus was 25 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 1600 mg/mL for E. coli and 800 mg/mL for S. aureus.

Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima Against Many Pathogenic Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Benyoucef ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Boufeldja Tabti ◽  
Arrar Zoheir ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ammoides Verticillata

Background: Antibiotic resistance is today one of the most serious threats to global health, food security and development. Due to the growing number of infections, treatment becomes more difficult, if not impossible, because of the loss of antibiotic efficacy. Objective: In the present investigation, the chemical composition of essential oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima and their synergistic effects on antimicrobial activities were investigated. Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was investigated using dilution-agar method against nine bacterial strains three Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and six Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300,) Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC 19404), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 7314), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579). Results: The essential oil of A. verticillata was characterized principally by carvacrol (44,3%), Limonene (19,3%) and p-cymene (19,2%). The constituents identified of S. candidissima essential oil were principally oxygenated monoterpenes represented by pulegone (70,4%). The essential oil of A. verticillata had a good antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus cereus) with MIC and MBC values between 0.2-0.4 µl/ml and 0.2-6.2 µl/ml, respectively. While, S. candidissima essential oil had moderate antimicrobial activities against all strains with MIC and MBC values between 1.5-6.2 µl/ml and 6.2-12.5 µl/ml, respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity of essential oils blend presented higher antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria with MIC and MBC values between 0.3-1.5 µl/ml and 0.4-6.2 µl/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The essential oils blend presented high antimicrobial activity compared to virgin oils. This activity can be due to the association of active compounds such as carvacrol and pulegone. These findings provide a new source of drugs that may help in therapy to lead to the development of a new treatment based on a combination of these essential oils against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that continue to pose a threat to public health.

scholarly journals SPS-neutralization in tissue samples for efficacy testing of antimicrobial peptides

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Sherella Dijksteel ◽  
Peter H. Nibbering ◽  
Magda M. W. Ulrich ◽  
Esther Middelkoop ◽  
Bouke K. H. L. Boekema
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Viable Bacteria

Abstract Background Accurate determination of the efficacy of antimicrobial agents requires neutralization of residual antimicrobial activity in the samples before microbiological assessment of the number of surviving bacteria. Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) is a known neutralizer for the antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides and polymyxins. In this study, we evaluated the ability of SPS to neutralize residual antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial peptides [SAAP-148 and pexiganan; 1% (wt/v) in PBS], antibiotics [mupirocin (Bactroban) and fusidic acid (Fucidin) in ointments; 2% (wt/wt))] and disinfectants [2% (wt/wt) silver sulfadiazine cream (SSD) and 0.5% (v/v) chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol]. Methods Homogenates of human skin models that had been exposed to various antimicrobial agents for 1 h were pipetted on top of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on agar plates to determine whether the antimicrobial agents display residual activity. To determine the optimal concentration of SPS for neutralization, antimicrobial agents were mixed with PBS or increasing doses of SPS in PBS (0.05–1% wt/v) and then 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL MRSA were added. After 30 min incubation, the number of viable bacteria was assessed. Next, the in vitro efficacy of SAAP-148 against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined using PBS or 0.05% (wt/v) SPS immediately after 30 min incubation of the mixture. Additionally, ex vivo excision wound models were inoculated with 105 CFU MRSA for 1 h and exposed to SAAP-148, pexiganan, chlorhexidine or PBS for 1 h. Subsequently, samples were homogenized in PBS or 0.05% (wt/v) SPS and the number of viable bacteria was assessed. Results All tested antimicrobials displayed residual activity in tissue samples, resulting in a lower recovery of surviving bacteria on agar. SPS concentrations at ≥0.05% (wt/v) were able to neutralize the antimicrobial activity of SAAP-148, pexiganan and chlorhexidine, but not of SSD, Bactroban and Fucidin. Finally, SPS-neutralization in in vitro and ex vivo efficacy tests of SAAP-148, pexiganan and chlorhexidine against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria resulted in significantly higher numbers of CFU compared to control samples without SPS-neutralization. Conclusions SPS was successfully used to neutralize residual activity of SAAP-148, pexiganan and chlorhexidine and this prevented an overestimation of their efficacy.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL 1-((DIMETHYLAMINO)METHYL)-3-(4-(3-(SUBSTITUTE DPHENYL)-4-OXOTHIAZOLIDIN-2-YL)PHENYLIMINO)-5-NITROINDOLIN-2-ONES AS POTENT ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
KOSARAJU LAHARI ◽  
RAJA SUNDARARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mannich Bases ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Group Variation

Objective: Isatins have emerged as antimicrobial agents due to their broad spectrum of in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities. In addition, thiazolidinone also reported to possess various biological activities particularly antimicrobial activity. Due to the importance, we planned to synthesize compounds with isatin functionality coupled with thiazolidinone as possible antitubercular and antimicrobial agents which could furnish better therapeutic results. Methods: In vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis method and agar streak dilution test are used to estimate antitubercular and antimicrobial potency of title analogs, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration of entire title compounds was determined against all tested microorganism such as M. tuberculosis, four Gram-positive, three Gram-negative bacteria, and two fungi. Results: A series of new thiazolidinone substituted Schiff and Mannich bases of 5-nitroisatins were designed and synthesized by a multistep synthesis from isatin. Structures of synthesized compounds are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and bases of elemental analysis. Mild to good antitubercular and antimicrobial activity was showed by synthesized 5-nitroisatin analogs. The relationship between the biological activity and the functional group variation of the tested compounds was discussed. Conclusion: 3-(4-(3-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-yl)phenylimino)-1-((dimethyl amino)methyl)-5-nitroindolin-2-one 6 and 3-(4-(3- (2-aminophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-yl)phenylimino)-1-((dimethylamino)methyl)-5-nitroindolin-2-one 13 were found to be the most potent compounds of this series which might be extended as a novel class of antimicrobial agents.

Chemical Composition And In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of The Essential Oils Of Three Greek Achillea Species

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prokopios Magiatis ◽  
Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis ◽  
Ioanna Chinou ◽  
Serkos A. Haroutounian
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ms Analysis

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Achillea holosericea, Achillea taygetea, Achillea fraasii was determined by GC/MS analysis. Among the ninety-five assayed constituents, camphor, borneol and 1,8-cineol were found to be the major components. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of these essential oils was evaluated against six bacteria indicating that the first is totally inactive, while the other two possess moderate to strong activities mainly against the Gram negative strains. The essential oil of A. fraasii was also active against the tested pathogenic fungi

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