scholarly journals Aegle marmelosMediated Green Synthesis of Different Nanostructured Metal Hexacyanoferrates: Activity against Photodegradation of Harmful Organic Dyes

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhisha Jassal ◽  
Uma Shanker ◽  
B. S. Kaith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Metal Hexacyanoferrate

Prussian blue analogue potassium metal hexacyanoferrate (KMHCF) nanoparticles Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3(FeHCF), K2Cu3[Fe(CN)6]2(KCuHCF), K2Ni[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O (KNiHCF), and K2Co[Fe(CN)6] (KCoHCF) have been synthesized using plant based biosurfactantAegle marmelos(Bael) and water as a green solvent. It must be emphasized here that no harmful reagent or solvent was used throughout the study. Plant extracts are easily biodegradable and therefore do not cause any harm to the environment. Hence, the proposed method of synthesis of various KMHCF nanoparticles followed a green path. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). MHCF nanoparticles were used for the photocatalytic degradation of toxic dyes like Malachite Green (MG), Eriochrome Black T (EBT), Methyl Orange (MO), and Methylene Blue (MB). Under optimized reaction conditions, maximum photocatalytic degradation was achieved in case of KCuHCF nanoparticles mediated degradation process (MG: 96.06%, EBT: 83.03%, MB: 94.72%, and MO: 63.71%) followed by KNiHCF (MG: 95%, EBT: 80.32%, MB: 91.35%, and MO: 59.42%), KCoHCF (MG: 91.45%, EBT: 78.84%, MB: 89.28%, and MO: 58.20%).

Preparation of C60 Nanowhiskers-SnO2 Nanocomposites and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 8125-8132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Soo Park ◽  
Weon Bae Ko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Electric Furnace ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Chloride Pentahydrate

C60 nanowhiskers were prepared using a liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation (LLIP) method. Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by a reaction of tin (IV) chloride pentahydrate with ammonium nitrate in an electric furnace. The C60 nanowhiskers-SnO2 nanocomposites were calcined in an electric furnace at 700 °C under an inert argon gas atmosphere for 2 h. The crystallinity, morphology and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis spectrophotometry. The photocatalytic activity of the C60 nanowhiskers-SnO2 nanocomposites in the degradation of the organic dyes, such as methylene blue, methyl orange, rhodamine B, and brilliant green, under ultraviolet light at 254 nm by UV-vis spectrophotometry was evaluated and compared with that of C60 nanowhiskers and SnO2 nanoparticles. The experimental results showed that C60 nanowhiskers-SnO2 nanocomposites exhibited remarkably higher photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes compared to C60 nanowhiskers and SnO2 nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Synthesis of an optical catalyst for cracking contaminating dyes in the wastewater of factories using indium oxide in nanometer and usage in agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishaq F. E. Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed I. El-Shenawy ◽  
Moamen S. Refat
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Indium Oxide ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
20 Nm

Abstract Herein, the photocatalytic degradation of the Congo Red (CR) and Crystal Violet (CV) dyes in an aqueous solution were discussed in the presence of an indium(III) oxide (In2O3) as optical catalyst efficiency. The caproate bidentate indium(III) precursor complex has been synthesized and well interpreted by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis, and thermogravimetric (TGA) with its differential thermogravimetric (DTG) studies. The microanalytical and spectroscopic assignments suggested that the associated of mononuclear complex with 1:3 molar ratio (M3+:ligand). Octahedral structure is speculated for this parent complex of the caproate anion, CH3(CH2)4COO− ligand. The In2O3 NPs with nanoscale range within 10–20 nm was synthesized by a simple, low cost and eco-friendly method using indium(III) caproate complex. Indium oxide nanoparticles were formed after calcination of precursor in static air at 600°C for 3 hrs. The structural, grain size, morphological and decolorization efficiency of the synthesized NPs were characterized using the FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. It was worthy mentioned that the prepared In2O3 NPs showed a good photodegradation properties against CR and CV organic dyes during 90 min.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and Exploration of Photocatalytic Activities of Polyoxometalate: Ni-CoWO4 Nanoparticles

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Fahad A. Alharthi ◽  
Hamdah S. Alanazi ◽  
Amjad Abdullah Alsyahi ◽  
Naushad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactions ◽  
Cobalt Tungstate

This study demonstrated the hydrothermal synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt tungstate nanostructures, Ni-CoWO4 (NCW-NPs), and their phase structure, morphology, porosity, and optical properties were examined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Raman instruments. It was found that as-calcined NCW-NPs have a monoclinic phase with crystal size ~50–60 nm and is mesoporous. It possessed smooth, spherical, and cubic shape microstructures with defined fringe distance (~0.342 nm). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rose bengal (RB) dye in the presence of NCW-NPs was evaluated, and about 49.85% of MB in 150 min and 92.28% of RB in 90 min degraded under visible light. In addition, based on the scavenger’s study, the mechanism for photocatalytic reactions is proposed.

Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Particles Size and Morphology of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticle

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudzani Sigwadi ◽  
Simon Dhlamini ◽  
Touhami Mokrani ◽  
Patrick Nonjola
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Ft Ir

The paper presents the synthesis and investigation of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles that were synthesised by precipitation method with the effects of the temperatures of reaction on the particles size, morphology, crystallite sizes and stability at high temperature. The reaction temperature effect on the particle size, morphology, crystallite sizes and stabilized a higher temperature (tetragonal and cubic) phases was studied. Thermal decomposition, band structure and functional groups were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The crystal structure was determined using X-ray diffraction. The morphology and the particle size were studied using (SEM) and (TEM). The shaped particles were confirmed through the SEM analysis. The transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the formation of the nanoparticles with the particle size. The FT-IR spectra showed the strong presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted preparation of ZnS and ZnSe nanocrystals with different morphologies for photodegradation process of organic dyes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Matras-Postolek ◽  
A. Zaba ◽  
S. Sovinska ◽  
D. Bogdal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Zinc Sulphide ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and zinc selenide (ZnSe) and manganese-doped and un-doped with different morphologies from 1D do 3D microflowers were successfully fabricated in only a few minutes by solvothermal reactions under microwave irradiation. In order to compare the effect of microwave heating on the properties of obtained  nanocrystals, additionally the synthesis under conventional heating was conducted additionally in similar conditions. The obtained nanocrystals were systematically characterized in terms of structural and optical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy (DR UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The photocatalytic activity of ZnSe, ZnS, ZnS:Mn and ZnSe:Mn nanocrystals with different morphologies was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and Rhodamine 6G (R6G), respectively. The results show that Mn doped NCs samples had higher coefficient of degradation of organic dyes under ultraviolet irradiation (UV).

Evolution of Crystalline Phase and Morphology of the Products Formed during the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Y2O3 Powders

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 1275-1279
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Gao Yang Zhao ◽  
Li Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Yttrium Nitrate ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

The crystalline phase and morphology of the products formed during the synthesis of yttrium oxide via the hydrothermal treatment yttrium nitrate were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Products with high OH/NO3ratios are formed with the increasing of hydrothermal treatment. The crystalline phases are evolved from Y2(OH)5.14(NO3)0.86•H2O toY4O(OH)9(NO3) and finally Y(OH)3. The hydrothermal reaction conditions play an important role in the synthesis of the microstructures. Results show the particle size and final morphology of samples could be controlled by reaction temperature, reaction time, and OH-concentration. Sheets, hexagonal and needle-like Y2O3powders are obtained with the hydrothermal treatment of yittrium nitrate at 180 oC to 200oC for 2-8 hours at pH 9-13.

Synthesis of Indole Derivatives Using Biosynthesized ZnO-CaO Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Tahereh Heidarzadeh ◽  
Navabeh Nami ◽  
Daryoush Zareyee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Eggshell Waste ◽  
Aromatic And Aliphatic Amines

The principal aim of this research is using biosynthesized ZnO-CaO nanoparticles (NPs) for preparation of indole derivatives. ZnO-CaO NPs have been prepared using Zn(CH3COO)2 and eggshell waste powder in solvent-free conditions. Morphology and structure of NPs were determined by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectra (EDS). It was used as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of indole derivatives. Some indole derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of indole, formaldehyde, aromatic and aliphatic amines in the presence of ZnO-CaO NPs (5 mol%) in ethanol under reflux conditions. The assigned structure was further established by CHN analyses, NMR, and FT-IR spectra. Because of excellent capacity, the exceedingly simple workup and good yield, eco-friendly catalyst ZnO-CaO NPs were proved to be a good catalyst for this reaction.

Ag2O/ZnO Heterostructures with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 1043-1049
Author(s):  
Di Xiang ◽  
Chang Long Shao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
P Type

A simple route has been developed for the synthesis of Ag2O/ZnO heterostructures and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy analysis. Considering the porous structure of Ag2O/ZnO, the photocatalytic degradation for the organic dyes, such as eosin red (ER), methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB), under visible light irradiation was investigated in detail. Noticeably, Ag2O/ZnO just took 40 min to degrade 96 % MB. The rate of degradation using the Ag2O/ZnO heterostructures was 2.3 times faster than that of the bare porous ZnO nanospheres under visible light irradiation due to that the recombination of the photogenerated charge was inhibited greatly in the p-type Ag2O and n-type ZnO semiconductor. So the Ag2O/ZnO heterostuctures showed the potential application on environmental remediation.

Activation of persulfate by heterogeneous catalyst ZnCo2O4–RGO for efficient degradation of bisphenol A

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 771-778
Author(s):  
Xin Chang ◽  
Xiangyang Xu ◽  
Zhifeng Gao ◽  
Yingrui Tao ◽  
Yixuan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
One Step ◽  
Application Potential

A nanocomposite, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) modified ZnCo2O4 (ZnCo2O4–RGO) was synthesized via one-step solvothermal method for activating persulfate (PS) to degrade bisphenol A (BPA). The morphology and structure of the nanocomposite were identified by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. RGO provides nucleation sites for ZnCo2O4 to grow and inhibits the agglomeration of the nanoparticles. The influence of different reaction conditions on the oxidation of BPA catalyzed by ZnCo2O4–RGO was investigated, including the content of RGO, the dosage of catalyst, the concentration of humic acid (HA), anions in the environment, the reaction temperature, and pH. BPA can be totally degraded within 20 min under optimized reaction conditions. The presence of HA, Cl−, and NO3− only has a slight effect on the oxidation of BPA, whereas the presence of either H2PO4− or HCO3− can greatly inhibit the reaction. ZnCo2O4–RGO shows good cycling stability and practical application potential. A reaction mechanism of the degradation of BPA was also explored.

Synthesis and Characterization of HgSe Nanostructure Using a Novel Precursor

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdiyeh Esmaeili-Zare ◽  
Masoud Salavati-Niasari ◽  
Davood Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mercury Selenide ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

AbstractMercury selenide nanostructures were synthesized from the reaction of N, N′-bis(salicylidene)propane-1,3-diamine mercury complex, (Hg(Salpn)) as a novel precursor, via sonochemical method. The effect of different surfactant on the morphology and particle size of the products was investigated. Products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

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