scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis following Vaccination against Hepatitis B in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-liang Yuan ◽  
Shuang-kun Wang ◽  
Xiao-juan Guo ◽  
Wen-li Hu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Alteration Of Consciousness ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which has been associated with several vaccines such as rabies, diphtheria-tetanus-polio, smallpox, measles, mumps, rubella, Japanese B encephalitis, pertussis, influenza, and the Hog vaccine. Here, we presented a case of 12-year-old child who suffered from ADEM three weeks after hepatitis B vaccination. He was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of weakness of limbs, high fever, and alteration of consciousness. Some abnormalities were also found in CSF. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin had significant effect, with marked improvement of the clinical symptoms and the results of CSF. The findings of MRI also detected some abnormal lesions located in both brain and spinal cord. The clinical features, the findings of CSF and MRI, and therapeutic effect may contribute to such diagnosis of ADEM.

Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: A Remarkable Outcome with Cyclophosphamide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Meirson ◽  
Shelly I. Shiran ◽  
Michal Raz ◽  
Jonathan Roth ◽  
Aviva Fattal-Valevski
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Treatment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intravenous Glucocorticoids ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Administration

AbstractAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which occurs predominantly in the pediatric population. Acute treatment is high-dose intravenous glucocorticoids. Alternative treatment is usually intravenous immune globulin and/or plasma exchange. Fulminant ADEM is rare in children. Only a few cases of cyclophosphamide use in refractory ADEM have been reported. Here, we report a case of a 12-year-old girl with fulminant ADEM who was comatose and improved dramatically after cyclophosphamide administration. Cyclophosphamide treatment should be considered as a therapy in children with fulminant ADEM nonresponsive to standard therapies.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

Factors Associated With Seroconversion After Standard Dose Hepatitis B Vaccination and High-Dose Revaccination Among HIV-Infected Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha N. Pettit ◽  
Daryl D. DePestel ◽  
Preeti N. Malani ◽  
James Riddell IV
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Factors Associated

Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system

2010 ◽  
pp. 4948-4963
Author(s):  
Siddharthan Chandran ◽  
Alastair Compston
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Clinicians suspect demyelination when episodes reflecting damage to white matter tracts within the central nervous system occur in young adults. The paucity of specific biological markers of discrete demyelinating syndromes places an emphasis on clinical phenotype—temporal and spatial patterns—when classifying demyelinating disorders. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, the most common demyelinating disorder, becomes probable when these symptoms and signs recur, involving different parts of the brain and spinal cord. Other important demyelinating diseases include post-infectious neurological disorders (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis), demyelination resulting from metabolic derangements (central pontine myelinosis), and inherited leucodystrophies that may present in children or in adults. Accepting differences in mechanism, presentation, and treatment, two observations can usefully be made when classifying demyelinating disorders. These are the presence or absence of inflammation, and the extent of focal vs. diffuse demyelination. Multiple sclerosis is prototypic for the former, whereas dysmyelinating disorders, such as leucodystrophies are representative of the latter....

scholarly journals Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following spider bite

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Petra Bago Rožanković ◽  
Maristela Stojić ◽  
Jasna Badžak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spider Bite

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that occurs as an immunological response to a viral or bacterial infection or an immunization. We describe a patient with clinical presentation and radiological features of ADEM that appeared after a spider bite. Corticosteroid therapy did not produce satisfied treatment response. The patient recovered after five days of immunoglobulin therapy. The cross-reactivity between spider toxin and myelin could explain pathophysiological mechanism of demyelination. ADEM should be considered as a possible complication of a spider bite.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Following Typhoid Fever: A Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
R Adhikari ◽  
A Tayal ◽  
PK Chhetri ◽  
B Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cerebellar Syndrome ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The involvement of central nervous system in children with typhoid fever is common. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare immune mediated and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that usually affects children. We report a 7-year-old child with typhoid fever who developed acute cerebellar syndrome due to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 55-58 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10237

Low Dose Intradermal Versus High Dose Intramuscular Hepatitis B Vaccination in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

ASAIO Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamshid Roozbeh ◽  
Maryam Moini ◽  
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani ◽  
Mohamad Medhi Sagheb ◽  
Sedigheh Shahpoori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
High Dose

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Uncoupler Prodrug of 2,4-Dinitrophenol, MP201, Prevents Neuronal Damage and Preserves Vision in Experimental Optic Neuritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reas S. Khan ◽  
Kimberly Dine ◽  
John G. Geisler ◽  
Kenneth S. Shindler
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Axonal Loss ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupler

The ability of novel mitochondrial uncoupler prodrug of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), MP201, to prevent neuronal damage and preserve visual function in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of optic neuritis was evaluated. Optic nerve inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss are prominent features of optic neuritis, an inflammatory optic neuropathy often associated with the central nervous system demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Currently, optic neuritis is frequently treated with high-dose corticosteroids, but treatment fails to prevent permanent neuronal damage and associated vision changes that occur as optic neuritis resolves, thus suggesting that additional therapies are required. MP201 administered orally, once per day, attenuated visual dysfunction, preserved retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and reduced RGC axonal loss and demyelination in the optic nerves of EAE mice, with limited effects on inflammation. The prominent mild mitochondrial uncoupling properties of MP201, with slow elimination of DNP, may contribute to the neuroprotective effect by modulating the entire mitochondria’s physiology directly. Results suggest that MP201 is a potential novel treatment for optic neuritis.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in two renal transplant patients: is there a role for Epstein-Barr virus reactivation?

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Caucheteux ◽  
A Maarouf ◽  
L Daelman ◽  
O Toupance ◽  
S Lavaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Virus Reactivation ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Reactivation

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, usually occurring after a vaccination or infectious disease. It has been exceptionally described in transplanted patients. The pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. We report the clinical, biological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presentation and evolution of two kidney-transplanted patients with ADEM associated with local Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation. ADEM may occur in transplanted patients with favorable evolution. Its pathophysiology is uncertain, and the implication of EBV is discussed.

scholarly journals A Pathogenic Role for Myelin-Specific Cd8+ T Cells in a Model for Multiple Sclerosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 194 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Huseby ◽  
Denny Liggitt ◽  
Thea Brabb ◽  
Bryan Schnabel ◽  
Claes Öhlén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Cns Autoimmunity ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by plaques of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Studies of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, focus on the contribution of CD4+ myelin-specific T cells. The role of CD8+ myelin-specific T cells in mediating EAE or MS has not been described previously. Here, we demonstrate that myelin-specific CD8+ T cells induce severe CNS autoimmunity in mice. The pathology and clinical symptoms in CD8+ T cell–mediated CNS autoimmunity demonstrate similarities to MS not seen in myelin-specific CD4+ T cell–mediated EAE. These data suggest that myelin-specific CD8+ T cells could function as effector cells in the pathogenesis of MS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document