scholarly journals Occurrence of Potential Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Isolated from Herbal Medicinal Products Sold in Different Markets of Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Abdela Yesuf ◽  
Yitayih Wondimeneh ◽  
Teklay Gebrecherkos ◽  
Feleke Moges
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Background. The World Health Organization estimates that about 80% of the world’s population uses herbal medicine to treat various illnesses as means of primary healthcare. However, during preparation, herbal plants may be exposed to contamination by potential pathogens, and this may lead to infections. The aim of this study was to determine bacterial contamination of herbal medicinal products and to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated bacteria. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to May 25, 2013, at Gondar Town. A total of 55 samples used as oral, local, and intranasal routes of administration were collected from the herbalists. Results. In the present study the total aerobic bacterial count ranges from zero to 2.41×109 CFU/g with mean count of 1.99×108 CFU/g or mL while the total coliform count showed an average of 1.05×108 CFU/g or mL with a range of zero to 2.1×109 CFU/g. The most common bacteria isolated were Bacillus spp. followed by Enterobacter spp., Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella spp. Multiple drug resistance was not uncommon and it was found that 125 (83.4%) of the isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Conclusion. Herbal medicinal preparations were highly contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms with high microbial load. Most of the isolates have multiple drug resistance. Using those contaminated herbal medicines may lead to infection of other health related risks. Therefore, this warrants urgent training of herbalists and management scale-up for quality and safety of medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Chemical Profiling of Antimicrobial Metabolites from Halophilic Actinomycete Nocardiopsis_sp. Al-H10-1 (KF384482) Isolated from Alang, Gulf of Khambhat, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jignasha T. Thumar ◽  
Nisha Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Halophilic Actinomycete

The overuse of antibiotics has resulted in the development of drug resistant, a major problem in disease curing processes i.e. development of drug resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) released its first list of the most concerning pathogens for human health in 2017 which suggested that there are total 12 bacterial families which have developed multiple drug resistance and for which novel antibiotics are required immediately (WHO 2017). There is a requirement to explore some novel compounds to overcome this issue. Thus our study aimed at exploration of marine actinomycetes as a valuable resource for novel products with antimicrobial properties. The halophilic actinomycete Nocardiopsis_sp. Al-H10-1 (KF384482) was isolated from saline water (20 m away from shore) of Alang coast (Gulf of Khambhat), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. The isolate Al-H10-1 was identified as Nocardiopsis sp. through rigorous morphological and cultural characteristics; the species was confirmed through 16s rRNA phylogenetic analysis. The antimicrobial potential of Nocardiopsis sp. Al-H10-1 was assessed against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as three fungi, there it demonstrated antimicrobial activity against four Gram negative bacteria and one Gram positive bacteria. Further active antimicrobial compounds present in ethyl acetate extract was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 17 compounds which included antimicrobial compounds like 2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-Phenol, Dibutyl phthalate as well as various types of alkanes and their derivatives.

scholarly journals Regulatory compliance of herbal medicines – A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3127-3135
Author(s):  
Malathi Seshasayee Konda Ramadoss ◽  
Kailasam Koumaravelou
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Global Market ◽  
World Health ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Product ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Recently, herbal medicinal products (HMP) have gained importance and are extensively used in the prevention and treatment of various ailments. A commercial herbal medicinal product should comply with the regulatory requirements of quality, safety and efficacy. Currently, the standards and regulations of herbal medicinal products are varying from country to country, which poses a challenge to the manufacturing companies to place a standardized herbal product in the global market. Hence a collaborative effort must be taken both by regulatory bodies and the World Health Organization (WHO) to establish harmonized regulations for a herbal medicinal product. An attempt has been made in this review which may pave the way to meet out the constraints and challenges in the manufacturing and marketing of herbal medicinal product worldwide.

scholarly journals Underestimating the Toxicological Challenges Associated with the Use of Herbal Medicinal Products in Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidushi S. Neergheen-Bhujun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Various reports suggest a high contemporaneous prevalence of herb-drug use in both developed and developing countries. The World Health Organisation indicates that 80% of the Asian and African populations rely on traditional medicine as the primary method for their health care needs. Since time immemorial and despite the beneficial and traditional roles of herbs in different communities, the toxicity and herb-drug interactions that emanate from this practice have led to severe adverse effects and fatalities. As a result of the perception that herbal medicinal products have low risk, consumers usually disregard any association between their use and any adverse reactions hence leading to underreporting of adverse reactions. This is particularly common in developing countries and has led to a paucity of scientific data regarding the toxicity and interactions of locally used traditional herbal medicine. Other factors like general lack of compositional and toxicological information of herbs and poor quality of adverse reaction case reports present hurdles which are highly underestimated by the population in the developing world. This review paper addresses these toxicological challenges and calls for natural health product regulations as well as for protocols and guidance documents on safety and toxicity testing of herbal medicinal products.

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