scholarly journals Ferritin Is a Marker of Inflammation rather than Iron Deficiency in Overweight and Obese People

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidullah Khan ◽  
Wazir Muhammad Khan ◽  
Maimoona Ayub ◽  
Mohammad Humayun ◽  
Mohammad Haroon
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Group A

Background. In clinical practice, serum ferritin is used as a screening tool to detect iron deficiency. However, its reliability in obesity has been questioned. Objectives. To investigate the role of ferritin in overweight and obese people, either as a marker of inflammation or iron deficiency. Methods. On the basis of body mass index (BMI), 150 participants were divided into three equal groups: A: BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2, B: BMI 25–30 kg/m2, and C: BMI>30 kg/m2. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and hemoglobin (Hb) were measured for each participant and analyzed through SPSS version 16. One-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation tests were applied. Results. Ferritin was the highest in group C (M=163.48±2.23, P<0.001) and the lowest in group A, (M=152.78±1.81, P<0.001). Contrarily to ferritin, transferrin was the lowest in group C, (M=30.65±1.39, P<0.001) and the highest in group A, (M=38.66±2.14, P<0.001). Ferritin had a strong positive correlation with both BMI (r=0.86, P<0.001) and CRP (r=0.87, P<0.001) and strong negative correlation with Hb, iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation (P<0.001). Conclusion. Ferritin is a marker of inflammation rather than iron status in overweight and obese people. Complete iron profile including transferrin, rather than serum ferritin alone, can truly predict iron deficiency in such people.

scholarly journals Iron deficiency in preschool non-anemic Egyptian children

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama M. El-Asheer ◽  
Mary S. Naeem ◽  
Fardos A. Abdel-Hafez ◽  
Madleen A. A. Abdou ◽  
Khalil A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Egyptian Children

Abstract Background Iron deficiency anemia remains a common cause of anemia in young children. The term iron deficiency without anemia, or the so-called latent iron deficiency, has become increasingly significant as it is not only difficult to identify this condition in non-anemic children, but it also adversely affects neurocognitive development, and unfortunately, some of these effects may be irreversible and not respond to treatment. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate iron status in 68 apparently healthy, non-anemic Egyptian children aged 1–6 years. They were subjected to detailed history-taking, physical examination, complete blood count, and tests for serum iron, total iron binding capacity, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation. Results Low serum ferritin level and low transferrin saturation were detected in 41.2% and 47% of the children, respectively. Iron deficiency parameters were significantly affected among toddlers aged “1” to “3” years compared with preschool children, and boys were found to be more affected than girls of the same age group. Conclusions A normal hemoglobin level does not exclude iron deficiency, which should be screened in healthy children to prevent the possible long-term effects of iron deficiency on their cognition and mental development.

scholarly journals Using Soluble Transferrin Receptor and Taking Inflammation into Account When Defining Serum Ferritin Cutoffs Improved the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in a Group of Canadian Preschool Inuit Children from Nunavik

Anemia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huguette Turgeon O’Brien ◽  
Rosanne Blanchet ◽  
Doris Gagné ◽  
Julie Lauzière ◽  
Carole Vézina
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Soluble Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Depletion ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Iron Deficient

The prevalence of iron depletion, iron deficient erythropoiesis (IDE), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was assessed in preschool Inuit children using soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and traditional indicators of iron status while disregarding or taking inflammation into account when defining SF cutoffs. Iron depletion was defined as follows: (1) SF < 15 μg/L regardless of the C-reactive protein (CRP) level and (2) SF < 15 or <50 μg/L with CRP ≤ 5 or >5 mg/L, respectively. IDE corresponded to iron depletion combined with total iron binding capacity > 72 μmol/L and/or transferrin saturation < 16%. Iron depletion and IDE affected almost half of the children when accounting for inflammation, compared to one-third when the SF cutoff was defined regardless of CRP level (P<0.0001). The prevalence of IDE adjusted for inflammation (45.1%) was very similar to the prevalence observed when sTfR was used as a sole marker of IDE (47.4%). The prevalence of anemia was 15%. The prevalence of IDA (IDE + hemoglobin < 110 g/L) was higher when accounting for than when disregarding inflammation (8.0% versus 6.2%,P=0.083). Using sTfR and different SF cutoffs for children with versus without inflammation improved the diagnosis of iron depletion and IDE. Our results confirm that Inuit children are at particularly high risk for iron deficiency.

scholarly journals IRON DEFICIENCY IN HEART FAILURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulbhushan Badyal ◽  
Shivani Panhotra
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Data on the burden of Iron deficiency (ID) in Heart failure (HF) patients in India are sparse and there is very little information available about the prevalence of iron deficiency in heart failure with mid-range (HFmrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in comparison to heart failure with reduced ejection-fraction (HFrEF). Aims and Objective: This study was carried out with aim to evaluate iron profile in HF patients and to know the prevalence of ID in HFpEF, HFmrEF and HFrEF in our region. Materials and Methods: Patients with clinically diagnosed HF were enrolled in the study. This was a single tertiary care centre, prospective, observational study carried out from December 2017 to November 2018. Patients were classified into HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF on echocardiography. Serum ferritin (micrograms per liter), serum iron (micrograms per liter), total iron binding capacity (micrograms per liter), transferrin (milligrams per deciliter), and transferrin saturation were measured to assess iron status. Absolute ID was defined as serum ferritin < 100 mg/L and functional ID was defined as normal serum ferritin (100–300 mg/L) with low TSAT (<20%). Results: A total of 120 patients of HF (66.7% males and 33.3% females) were studied. Out of 120 patients, 78 (65%) patients of HF had ID. Absolute ID was in 38.3% and functional ID was seen in 26.7% patients. 62.5% of males had ID, whereas, 70% of females had ID in HF. Patients with ID had higher NYHA Class, 35.9% compared to 23.8% patients without ID. ID was high in all subsets of HF. ID was found in 61.11% in HFrEF, 67.44% in HFmrEF and 69.57% in HFpEF. P-0.71. 14.1% patients had ID, but no anemia (p- 0.02). In anemic patients, ID was more (85.2%) than non anemic patients (69%). Conclusion: In our study, prevalence of ID was higher in patients of HF than that reported from western literature. HFpEF had higher prevalence of ID followed by HFmrEF and HFrEF, respectively. Literature is scanty about HFmrEF, our study has given an insight of ID in this subset of HF. ID can occur even without anemia and females are more prone to have ID in HF. Our study highlights the importance of diagnosis and treatment of ID in all subsets of HF, in order to improve quality of life, morbidity and mortality in patients of HF. Keywords: Iron deficiency, Heart Failure, Anemia, HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF

Iron status of adolescent girls from two boarding schools in southern Benin

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 737-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halimatou Alaofè ◽  
John Zee ◽  
Romain Dossa ◽  
Huguette Turgeon O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Iron Binding Capacity

AbstractIron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency in the world, particularly in developing countries. Blood samples and a qualitative FFQ on Fe- and vitamin C-rich foods were obtained in 180 adolescent girls aged 12 to 17 years living in two boarding schools from south Benin. ID, defined as serum ferritin either <20μg/l or 20–50μg/l, plus two of the following parameters: serum Fe<11μmol/l, total iron-binding capacity>73μmol/l or transferrin saturation<20%, was found in 32% of subjects. Anaemia (Hb<120g/l) was found in 51% of adolescents, while 24% suffered from iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) (ID and Hb<20g/l). After adjusting for confounding factors (age, mother's and father's occupation, household size) in a logistic regression equation, subjects having a low meat consumption (beef, mutton, pork) (<4 times/week) were more than twice as likely to suffer from ID (OR=2·43; 95% CI 1·72, 3·35;P=0·04). Adolescents consuming less fruits (<4 times/week) also had a higher likelihood of suffering from ID (OR=1·53; 95% CI 1·31, 2·80;P=0·03). Finally, subjects whose meat consumption was low were twice as likely to suffer from IDA (OR=2·24; 95% CI 1·01, 4·96;P=0·04). The prevalence of ID represents an important health problem in these Beninese adolescent girls. A higher consumption of Fe-rich foods and of promoters of Fe absorption (meat factor and vitamin C) is recommended to prevent ID deficiency in these subjects.

scholarly journals Prevalence and pattern of Iron deficiency in patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Aditya Mahaseth ◽  
Jay Narayan Shah ◽  
Bikash Nepal ◽  
Biplave Karki ◽  
Jeet Ghimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Functional Iron Deficiency ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Absolute Iron Deficiency

Background and Objectives: Iron Deficiency is the commonest nutritional deficiency worldwide, affecting more than one-third of the population, its association with Heart Failure with or without anemia is of growing interest. As iron supplementation improves prognosis in patients with Heart Failure, Iron Deficiency is an attractive therapeutic target – a hypothesis that has recently been tested in clinical studies. This study is designed to estimate the prevalence and pattern of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction patients with or without anemia. Material and methods: It was a single center hospital based cross sectional observational study. A total of 60 male and female patients with diagnosis of heart failure based on the Framingham Criteria, who gave consent for the study were included. They underwent laboratory evaluation including hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, transferrin saturation percentage, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity. Serum ferritin <100 μg/l was used to diagnose absolute ID. Functional ID was defined as a serum ferritin level of 100–300 μg/l and a transferrin saturation of <20 %. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <13 g/dl for males and <12 g/dl for females, based on World Health Organization definition. Results: Using the above definitions iron deficiency was found in 28 (46.67%) patients. 36.67% patients had absolute iron deficiency and 10% patients had functional iron deficiency. Females had a higher non statistically significant iron deficiency than males 63.16% vs 39.02%. 15 patients (48.38%) with iron deficiency did not have anemia, and 11 (35.5%) of those patients had absolute iron deficiency. Conclusion: Iron deficiency is prevalent in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction irrespective of anemia and hemoglobin levels. Many of those patients can have functional iron deficiency. Measurement of iron status should be a routine during workup of heart failure patients and further studies are needed to determine the prognostic value of iron status measurement and the influences of treatment of iron deficiency in heart failure patients. Many such trials are now underway.  

scholarly journals Increased Serum Transferrin Saturation Is Associated with Lower Serum Transferrin Receptor Concentration

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2191-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C Looker ◽  
Mark Loyevsky ◽  
Victor R Gordeuk
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background: Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations are increased in iron deficiency. We wished to examine whether they are decreased in the presence of potential iron-loading conditions, as reflected by increased transferrin saturation (TS) on a single occasion. Methods: We compared sTfR concentrations between 570 controls with normal iron status and 189 cases with increased serum TS on a single occasion; these latter individuals may be potential cases of iron overload. Cases and controls were selected from adults who had been examined in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) and for whom excess sera were available to perform sTfR measurements after the survey’s completion. Increased TS was defined as &gt;60% for men and &gt;55% for women; normal iron status was defined as having no evidence of iron deficiency, iron overload, or inflammation indicated by serum ferritin, TS, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and C-reactive protein. Results: Mean sTfR and mean log sTfR:ferritin were ∼10% and 24% lower, respectively, in cases than in controls (P &lt;0.002). Cases were significantly more likely to have an sTfR value &lt;2.9 mg/L, the lower limit of the reference interval, than were controls (odds ratio = 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.37). Conclusion: Our results support previous studies that suggested that sTfR may be useful for assessing high iron status in populations.

Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity compared with serum ferritin in assessment of iron deficiency.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Peter ◽  
S Wang
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Total Iron Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Iron Binding Capacity

Abstract Ferritin values for 250 selected sera were compared with values for iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation, to assess the potential of the ferritin assay for the detection of latent iron deficiency. The specimens were grouped (50 in each group) according to their values for iron and TIBC. In Group 1 (low iron, high TIBC) the saturation and ferritin values both indicated iron deficiency in all but one. In the 100 specimens of Groups 2 (normal iron, high TIBC) and 4 (normal iron, high normal TIBC), the saturation values revealed 16 iron-deficient cases, the ferritin test 55. For Groups 3 (low iron, normal TIBC) and 5 (low iron, low TIBC), the ferritin test revealed fewer cases of iron deficiency than did the saturation values (37 cases vs 51 cases, in the 100 specimens). Evidently the ferritin test detects iron deficiency in many cases for whom the serum iron and TIBC tests are not positively indicative. The correlation of serum ferritin with iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation in the five groups was good only in the case of specimens for which the TIBC was normal; if it was abnormal the correlation was very poor.

scholarly journals Iron Status in Hypogammaglobulinemia

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 838-841
Author(s):  
Hasan I Atrah
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
The State ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Igg

Iron, transferrin and ferritin were measured in serum samples from 16 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. Transferrin saturation was low in 12 patients (75%) and serum ferritin was low in 9 patients (56.25%). Both parameters were low, confirming the state of iron deficiency, in 6 patients (37.5%). These figures are highly significant ( P < 0.01) when compared with the prevalence of iron deficiency in the general population. Eight patients were maintained on intravenous immunoglobulin infusions and the rest on intramuscular immunoglobulin injections, their mean serum IgG being 4.4 g/l and 2.6 g/l respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of iron deficiency between the two groups.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the iron status of a population

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Cook ◽  
CA Finch ◽  
NJ Smith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract The iron status of a population of 1564 subjects living in the northwestern United States was evaluated by measurements of transferrin saturation, red cell protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin. The frequency distribution of these parameters showed no distinct separation between normal and iron-deficient subjects. When only one of these three parameters was abnormal (transferrin saturation below 15%, red cell protoporphyrin above 100 mug/ml packed red blood cells, serum ferritin below 12 ng/ml), the prevalence of anemia was only slightly greater (10.9%) than in the entire sample (8.3%). The prevalence of anemia was increased to 28% in individuals with two or more abnormal parameters, and to 63% when all three parameters were abnormal. As defined by the presence of at least two abnormal parameters, the prevalence of iron deficiency in various populations separated on the basis of age and sex ranged from 3% in adolescent and adult males to 20% in menstruating women. It is concluded that the accuracy of detecting iron deficiency in population surveys can be substantially improved by employing a battery of laboratory measurements of the iron status.

Interaction Between Genotypes for HFE and TFR2 Genes Mutations and Iron Status in Brazilian Blood Donors

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 5382-5382
Author(s):  
Rodolfo D Cancado ◽  
Paulo CJL Santos ◽  
Samuel Rostelato ◽  
Cristiane T Terada ◽  
Iris Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Hereditary Hemochromatosis ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hfe Gene ◽  
Automation System

Abstract Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a disorder characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption, which leads to a progressive accumulation of iron in the body. This iron overload has been associated with mutations in HFE gene (C282Y, H63D and S65C) and other genes. The objectives of this study were to assess the frequencies of functional mutations in HFE and TFR2 genes and to investigate their relationship with the iron status in a sample of blood donors. Blood donors (n=542) were recruited at the Hemocenter of the Santa Casa Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The genotypes for HFE (C282Y, H63D and S65C) TFR2 (Y250X and Q690P) gene mutations were evaluated by PCR-RFLP. The concentrations of serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured by automation system Advia®(Bayer Diagnostics) and serum ferritin by Axsym System®(Abbott Laboratories). The frequencies of HFE 282Y, HFE 63D and HFE 65C alleles were 2.1, 13.6 and 0.6%, respectively. The frequency C282Y allele (2.1%) in Brazilian blood donors is lower than that observed in blood donors from Northern Europe (5.1 to 8.2%, P&lt;0.05). The TFR2 250X and TFR2 690P alleles were not found in these subjects. The iron status was similar between HFE genotypes in women. However, men carrying HFE 282CY genotype had higher serum ferritin and lower TIBC concentrations when compared to the HFE 282CC genotype carriers. HFE 282CY genotype was also associated with higher transferrin saturation in men who donated blood at the first time. Moreover, male donors with HFE 63DD plus 63HD genotypes had higher serum iron and transferrin saturation when compared to those with HFE 63HH genotype. A relationship between HFE CY/HH/SS haplotype and lower TIBC concentrations was also found in men. The HFE 282Y and HFE 65C alleles were rare while the HFE 63D was frequent in blood donors. The mutations in TFR2 gene were not found in this study. The HFE 282Y and HFE 63D alleles were associated with alterations on iron status only in male blood donors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document