scholarly journals National Trends of Antiparkinsonism Treatment in Taiwan: 2004–2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weng-Ming Liu ◽  
Ruey-Meei Wu ◽  
Chia-Hsuin Chang ◽  
Jou-Wei Lin ◽  
Ying-Chun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Taiwan National Health Insurance ◽  
Major Treatment ◽  
National Trends ◽  
Insurance Database ◽  
Levodopa Monotherapy

Background. Several guidelines for Parkinson’s disease (PD) management were recently updated. We examined temporal trends for antiparkinsonism drugs in Taiwan.Methods. Antiparkinsonism prescriptions, including levodopa, ergot/nonergot dopamine agonists (DAs), amantadine, selegiline, entacapone, and anticholinergics, were identified in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database from 2004 to 2011. Time trend analyses were estimated assuming Poisson distribution.Results. A total of 19,302 PD patients in 2004 and 41,606 PD patients in 2011 were analyzed. Antiparkinsonism prescriptions increased significantly from 187,137 in 2004 to 414,587 in 2011. Levodopa monotherapy or combination therapy was the mainstay. Levodopa monotherapy comprised 37.4% of prescriptions in 2004 and 44.2% in 2011, with an annual increase rate of 18.14%. There was a substantially increasing trend of DA prescriptions, which were higher in younger-aged patients (<60 years) than in older-aged group (p=0.0006). Among combination therapy, DA combined with levodopa or other antiparkinsonism medications became the main combinations for younger-aged patients after 2009. After 2005, the proportion of ergot DA usage markedly decreased and PD patients using nonergot DA increased.Conclusions. Levodopa was the major treatment from 2004 to 2011. There was a steeply increased trend of DA use, especially in younger-aged patients. Nonergot agents comprised the major DA group after 2005.

scholarly journals Temporal trends of maternal near miss in Brazil between 2000 and 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Aguiar da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Ana Gabriella Bandeira Freire Andrade ◽  
Andreza Saboia Dantas ◽  
Ingrid Medeiros de Figueiredo ◽  
Jéssica Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Maternal Near Miss ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Morbidity Trends ◽  
Health Hospital

Abstract Objectives: to identify the temporal trends and regional variations in maternal near miss in Brazil. Methods: ecological study of temporal trends. The units of analysis are in the States, the regions and Brazil, between 2000 and 2012, the dependent variable being the maternal near miss rate (MNMR), calculated from the records of the Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS) (National Health Hospital Information System).Regression analysis using Joinpoint regression software, version 4.1.0. was applied to analyze morbidity trends. Results: the main result of this study was a finding on an increase rate trend in maternal near miss in Brazil, between 2000 and 2012. This trend behaves differently depending on the development level of the region studied, presenting a positively higher increase in less developed regions and states. Conclusions: there is an increasing trend in maternal near miss rates in Brazil. The SIH-SUS may be an important instrument in identifying and monitoring maternal morbidity. Furthermore, investments in more effective public policies are needed to reduce inequalities and improve human development, both of which have influenced the chain of events related to maternal health.

Temporal trends of the association between extreme temperatures and hospitalisations for schizophrenia in Hefei, China from 2005 to 2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-370
Author(s):  
Rubing Pan ◽  
Qizhi Wang ◽  
Weizhuo Yi ◽  
Qiannan Wei ◽  
Jian Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Related Hospitalisation ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
And Gender

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the temporal trends of the association between extreme temperature and schizophrenia (SCZ) hospitalisations in Hefei, China.MethodsWe collected time-series data on SCZ hospitalisations for 10 years (2005–2014), with a total of 36 607 cases registered. We used quasi-Poisson regression and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to assess the association between extreme temperature (cold and heat) and SCZ hospitalisations. A time-varying DLNM was then used to explore the temporal trends of the association between extreme temperature and SCZ hospitalisations in different periods. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age (0–39 and 40+ years) and gender, respectively.ResultsWe found that extreme cold and heat significantly increased the risk of SCZ hospitalisations (cold: 1st percentile of temperature 1.19 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.37) and 2.5th percentile of temperature 1.16 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.31); heat: 97.5th percentile of temperature 1.37 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.66) and 99th percentile of temperature 1.38 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.69)). We found a slightly decreasing trend in heat-related SCZ hospitalisations and a sharp increasing trend in cold effects from 2005 to 2014. However, the risk of heat-related hospitalisation has been rising since 2008. Stratified analyses showed that age and gender had different modification effects on temporal trends.ConclusionsThe findings highlight that as temperatures rise the body’s adaptability to high temperatures may be accompanied by more threats from extreme cold. The burden of cold-related SCZ hospitalisations may increase in the future.

Temporal trends in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results from the COMPERA registry

2021 ◽  
pp. 2102024
Author(s):  
Marius M. Hoeper ◽  
Christine Pausch ◽  
Ekkehard Grünig ◽  
Gerd Staehler ◽  
Doerte Huscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Early Combination Therapy

BackgroundSince 2015, the European pulmonary hypertension guidelines recommend the use of combination therapy in most patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, it is unclear to what extend this treatment strategy is adopted in clinical practice and if it is associated with improved long-term survival.MethodsWe analysed data from COMPERA, a large European pulmonary hypertension registry, to assess temporal trends in the use of combination therapy and survival of patients with newly diagnosed PAH between 2010 and 2019. For survival analyses, we look at annualized data and at cumulated data comparing the periods 2010–2014 and 2015–2019.ResultsA total of 2,531 patients were included. The use of early combination therapy (within 3 months after diagnosis) increased from 10.0% in patients diagnosed with PAH in 2010 to 25.0% in patients diagnosed with PAH in 2019. The proportion of patients receiving combination therapy 1 year after diagnosis increased from 27.7% to 46.3%. When comparing the 2010–2014 and 2015–2019 periods, 1-year survival estimates were similar (89.0% [95% CI, 87.2%, 90.9%] and 90.8% [95% CI, 89.3%, 92.4%]), respectively, whereas there was a slight but non-significant improvement in 3-year survival estimates (67.8% [95% CI, 65.0%, 70.8%] and 70.5% [95% CI, 67.8%, 73.4%]), respectively.ConclusionsThe use of combination therapy increased from 2010 to 2019, but most patients still received monotherapy. Survival rates at 1 year after diagnosis did not change over time. Future studies need to determine if the observed trend suggesting improved 3-year survival rates can be confirmed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Respiratory Pathogens in Spain: Latest Data and Changes over 11 Years (1996-1997 to 2006-2007)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 2953-2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Pérez-Trallero ◽  
Jose E. Martín-Herrero ◽  
Ana Mazón ◽  
Celia García-Delafuente ◽  
Purificación Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Increasing Trend

ABSTRACT A nationwide multicenter susceptibility surveillance study (Susceptibility to the Antimicrobials Used in the Community in España [SAUCE] project), SAUCE-4, including 2,559 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2,287 Streptococcus pyogenes, and 2,736 Haemophilus influenzae isolates was carried out from May 2006 to June 2007 in 34 Spanish hospitals. Then, the results from SAUCE-4 were compared to those from all three previous SAUCE studies carried out in 1996-1997, 1998-1999, and 2001-2002 to assess the temporal trends in resistance and the phenotypes of resistance over the 11-year period. In SAUCE-4, on the basis of the CLSI breakpoints, penicillin (parenteral, nonmeningitis breakpoint) and cefotaxime were the antimicrobials that were the most active against S. pneumoniae (99.8% and 99.6%, respectively). Only 0.9% of isolates had a penicillin MIC of ≥2 μg/ml. In S. pyogenes, nonsusceptibility to erythromycin was observed in 19.4% of isolates. Among the H. influenzae isolates, a β-lactamase-positive prevalence of 15.7% was found. A statistically significant temporal decreasing trend over the 11-year period was observed for nonsusceptibility (from 60.0% to 22.9%) and resistance (from 36.5% to 0.9%) to penicillin and for the proportion of erythromycin-resistant isolates of S. pneumoniae of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype (from 98.4% to 81.3%). A similar trend was observed for the prevalence of ampicillin resistance (from 37.6% to 16.1%), β-lactamase production (from 25.7% to 15.7%), and β-lactamase-negative ampicillin resistance (BLNAR) in H. influenzae (from 13.5% to 0.7%). Among erythromycin-resistant isolates of S. pyogenes, a significant increasing trend in the prevalence of MLSB was observed (from 7.0% to 35.5%). SAUCE-4 confirms a generalized decline in the resistance of the main respiratory pathogens to the antimicrobials as well as a shift in their resistance phenotypes.

scholarly journals Mapping Evapotranspiration, Vegetation and Precipitation Trends in the Catchment of the Shrinking Lake Poopó

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Torres-Batlló ◽  
Belén Martí-Cardona ◽  
Ramiro Pillco-Zolá
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Lake Poopó is located in the Andean Mountain Range Plateau or Altiplano. A general decline in the lake water level has been observed in the last two decades, coinciding roughly with an intensification of agriculture exploitation, such as quinoa crops. Several factors have been linked with the shrinkage of the lake, including climate change, increased irrigation, mining extraction and population growth. Being an endorheic catchment, evapotranspiration (ET) losses are expected to be the main water output mechanism and previous studies demonstrated ET increases using Earth observation (EO) data. In this study, we seek to build upon these earlier findings by analyzing an ET time series dataset of higher spatial and temporal resolution, in conjunction with land cover and precipitation data. More specifically, we performed a spatio-temporal analysis, focusing on wet and dry periods, that showed that ET changes occur primarily in the wet period, while the dry period is approximately stationary. An analysis of vegetation trends performed using 500 MODIS vegetation index products (NDVI) also showed an overall increasing trend during the wet period. Analysis of NDVI and ET across land cover types showed that only croplands had experienced an increase in NDVI and ET losses, while natural covers showed either constant or decreasing NDVI trends together with increases in ET. The larger increase in vegetation and ET losses over agricultural regions, strongly suggests that cropping practices exacerbated water losses in these areas. This quantification provides essential information for the sustainable planning of water resources and land uses in the catchment. Finally, we examined the spatio-temporal trends of the precipitation using the newly available Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS-v2) product, which we validated with onsite rainfall measurements. When integrated over the entire catchment, precipitation and ET showed an average increasing trend of 5.2 mm yr−1 and 4.3 mm yr−1, respectively. This result suggests that, despite the increased ET losses, the catchment-wide water storage should have been offset by the higher precipitation. However, this result is only applicable to the catchment-wide water balance, and the location of water may have been altered (e.g., by river abstractions or by the creation of impoundments) to the detriment of the Lake Poopó downstream.

scholarly journals Temporal Trends and Spatial Patterns of Temperature and Its Extremes over the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region (1960–2014), China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Baitian Wang ◽  
Kebin Zhang ◽  
Zhongjie Shi ◽  
Genbatu Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Region ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Temperature Indices ◽  
Slope Estimator ◽  
Sand Source

In order to examine temperature changes and extremes in the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region (BTSSR), ten extreme temperature indices were selected, categorized, and calculated spanning the period 1960–2014, and the spatiotemporal variability and trends of temperature and extremes on multitimescales in the BTSSR were investigated using the Mann-Kendall (M-K) test, Sen’s slope estimator, and linear regression. Results show that mean temperatures have increased and extreme temperature events have become more frequent. Annual temperature has recorded a significant increasing trend over the BTSSR, in which 51 stations exhibited significant increasing trends (p<0.05); winter temperature recorded the most significant increasing trend in the northwest subregion. All extreme temperature indices showed warming trends at most stations; a higher warming slope in extreme temperature mainly occurred along the northeast border and northwest border and in the central-southern mountain area. As extreme low temperature events decrease, vegetation damage due to freezing temperatures will reduce and low cold-tolerant plants may expand their distribution range northward to revegetate barren areas in the BTSSR. However, in water-limited areas of the BTSSR, increasing temperatures in the growing season may exacerbate stress associated with plants relying on precipitation due to higher temperatures combining with decreasing precipitation.

scholarly journals Global carbon budgets estimated from atmospheric O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> observations in the western Pacific region over a 15-year period

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Tohjima ◽  
Hitoshi Mukai ◽  
Toshinobu Machida ◽  
Yu Hoshina ◽  
Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Carbon Project ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
The Western Pacific

Abstract. Time series of atmospheric O2/N2 ratio and CO2 mole fraction of flask samples obtained from NIES’s flask sampling network are presented. The network includes two ground sites, Hateruma Island (HAT, 24.05 °N, 123.81 °E) and Cape Ochiishi (COI, 43.17 °N, 145.50 °E), and cargo ships regularly sailing in the western Pacific. Based on temporal changes in fossil fuel-derived CO2 emissions, global atmospheric CO2 burden, and atmospheric potential oxygen (APO), which were calculated from the observed O2/N2 ratio and CO2 mole fraction according to APO = O2 + 1.1 × CO2, we estimated the global carbon sinks of the ocean and land biosphere for a period of more than 15 years. In this carbon budget calculation, we adopted a correction for the time-varying ocean O2 outgassing effect with an average of 0.43 PgC yr−1 for 2000–2016. The outgassing effect, attributed to global ocean warming, was evaluated under the assumption that the net ocean gas flux is proportional to the change in the ocean heat content for the 0–2000 m layer. The resulting oceanic and land biotic carbon sinks were 2.5 ± 0.6 PgC yr−1 and 1.6 ± 0.8 PgC yr−1, respectively, for a 17-year period (2000–2016) and 2.3 ± 0.6 PgC yr−1 and 2.0 ± 0.8 PgC yr−1, respectively, for a 14-year period (2003–2016). Despite the independent approaches, these sink values of this study agreed with those estimated by the Global Carbon Project (GCP) within a difference of about ±0.3 PgC yr−1. We examined the carbon sinks for an interval of five years to assess the temporal trends. The pentad (5-year) ocean sinks showed an increasing trend at a rate of 0.09 ± 0.02 PgC yr−2 during 2001–2014, while the pentad land sinks showed an increasing trend at a rate of 0.23 ± 0.03 PgC yr−2 for 2001–2009 and a decreasing trend at a rate of − 0.23 ± 0.05 PgC yr−2 during 2009–2014. Although there is good agreement in the trends of the pentad sinks between this study and that of GCP, the increasing rate of the pentad ocean sinks of this study was about two times larger than that of GCP.

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