scholarly journals Microbiological Safety of Kitchen Sponges Used in Food Establishments

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Wolde ◽  
Ketema Bacha
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Change ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Jimma Town ◽  
Kitchen Sponges

Kitchen sponges are among the possible sources of contaminants in food establishments. The main purpose of the current study was, therefore, to assess the microbiological safety of sponges as it has been used in selected food establishments of Jimma town. Accordingly, the microbiological safety of a total of 201 kitchen sponges randomly collected from food establishments was evaluated against the total counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and yeast and molds. The mean counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria ranged from 7.43 to 12.44 log CFU/mm3. The isolated genera were dominated byPseudomonas(16.9%),Bacillus(11.1%),Micrococcus(10.6%),Streptococcus(7.8%), andLactobacillus(6%) excluding the unidentified Gram positive rods (4.9%) and Gram negative rods (9.9%). The high microbial counts (aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and yeast and molds) reveal the existence of poor kitchen sponge sanitization practice. Awareness creation training on basic hygienic practices to food handlers and periodic change of kitchen sponges are recommended.

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation and Bacterial Etiology of Adult Community Acquired Pneumonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Robed Amin ◽  
Quazi Tarikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Pneumonia is a worldwide, serious threat to health and an enormous socio-economic burden for health care system. According to recent WHO data, each year 3-4 million patients die from pneumonia. The clinical presentations and bacterial agents responsible for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) varies according to geography and culture.Methods: A cross sectional observational study conducted among the 53 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of CAP in admitted patient in the department of Medicine, DMCH, during January 2010 to December 2010. Hematological measurements (TC of WBC, Hb%, ESR, platelet count), blood culture, chest X-ray P/A view, sputum for Gram staining and culture sensitivity, sputum for AFB, blood urea and random blood sugar were done in all cases. ELISA for IgM antibody of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were done in sputum culture negative cases.Results: The mean (±SD) age was 38.9±17.3 years and Male female ratio was 3:1. Fever, chest pain and productive cough were the most common clinical features. The mean (±SD) respiratory rate was 23.0±2.8 /minute . COPD and DM were found in 17.0% and 5.7% of patients respectively . Blood culture was found positive in only 1.9% of the study patients. Gram positive Cocci 62.26%, Gram negative Bacilli 9.43%, mixed Gram positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli 11.32% and Gram negative Cocco Bacilli 1.9% were observed and in 15.03 % cases, no bacteria could be seen. Sputum culture revealed 53.8% streptococcus pneumoniae, 26.9% Klebsiella pneumonia as predominant organism. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were found in 7.4% and 3.7% respectively by serological test. For Streptococcus pneumoniae, sensitive antibiotics were Amoxyclav and Levofloxacin. For Gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli, more sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem, Ceftriaxone, and Clarithromycin. The best sensitive drug were found meropenem. The mean (±SD) duration of hospital stay was 5.0±1.7 days with ranging from 3 to 10 days.Conclusion: Region based bacteroiological diagnosis of Cap is important for selecting the best and sensitive drugs for complete cure.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 128-134

scholarly journals Difference of Procalcitonin Levels in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis Patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Nindy Handayani ◽  
Soroy Lardo ◽  
Nunuk Nugrohowati
Keyword(s):  
Mean Difference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Procalcitonin is known as a marker of infection and indicator for severity of infections. In sepsis, elevated procalcitonin levels in blood have a significant value that can be used as a sepsis biomarker. The aim of this study was to determine the mean difference of procalcitonin levels in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients.Methods: This study used quantitative method with cross sectional approach. The sample of this study were bacterial sepsis patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016 which were divided into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients with the number of each group was 30 samples. The data were analyzed by using independent t test.Results: This study showed that mean levels of procalcitonin in Gram-positive bacterial sepsis patients was 6.47 ng/ml and Gram-negative was 66.04 ng/ml. There was a significant difference between mean levels of procalcitonin in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016 with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The mean difference of procalcitonin levels in Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients were higher than Gram-positive bacterial sepsis patients, because Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide which is a strong immunostimulator and increases TNF-α production higher than Gram-positive bacteria. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Microbiological Safety and Quality of Minced Meat and Meat Contact Surfaces in Selected Butcher Shops of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibrom Zerabruk ◽  
Negussie Retta ◽  
Diriba Muleta ◽  
Anteneh T. Tefera
Keyword(s):  
Contact Surface ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Surface Materials ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Butcher Shops

Food-borne pathogens are one of the leading causes of illness and death particularly in developing countries. This study was aimed at analyzing the hygiene indicator microorganisms and pathogens of minced meat and contact surface materials in butcher shops in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Additionally, a checklist was applied to evaluate the hygiene condition of the establishments, and a questionnaire/checklist was used to assess food safety knowledge of the food handlers. This study has indicated that the mean microbial counts (total aerobic mesophilic, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, aerobic spores and yeasts/molds) of the minced meat and contact surface materials in butcher shops ranged between 2.35 and 6.50 log·cfu/g and between 1.80 and 6.30 log·cfu/cm2, respectively. The mean microbial counts of minced meat samples taken in the morning and afternoon showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The prevalence of E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus in minced meat and contact surface samples was exhibited as 43.75 and 29.17%, 6.25 and 4.17%, and 37.50 and 37.50% in that order. The study has indicated that minced meat samples and contact surface materials had higher microbial load with poor personal and work area sanitation. Low knowledge of food handlers in the butcher shops and broken cold chain have also been found as major contributing factors for the contamination of beef.

Comparative Microbiological and Immunological Studies of Subgingival Dental Plaque from Man and Baboons

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. McMahon ◽  
M.O. Wasfy ◽  
W.P. Yonushonis ◽  
G.E. Minah ◽  
W.A. Falkler
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Mean

Baboons may be useful as animal models for the study of human oral diseases and infections. They are closely related to man anatomically, physiologically, and phylogenetically. Plaque and gingival indices were relatively low in 18 baboons (Papio anubis). The mean scores ranged between 0.62 ± 0.29 and 0.37 ± 0.20, respectively. Gram-positive and Gram-negative cocci comprised 27.0 ± 32.4 and 3.1 ± 7.5% of the total viable counts in the dental plaque samples. Black-pigmented Bacteroides formed about 1.9 ± 5.9% of the bacterial population in the samples. Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli were found in 73.2% of the samples and averaged 19.2 t 26.3% of the total recovered flora. Species of the oral Actinomyces and other Gram-positive rods found in humans were not isolated. The composition of the oral flora in baboons appeared to be significantly different from that of man. Isolates of F. nucleatum, L. buccalis, and B. intermedius from the two mammals were biochemically similar, but were distinguishable by analysis with antibody, both by precipitin lines and/or differences between homologous and heterologous titers.

scholarly journals Value of Time to Positivity of Blood Culture in Children with Bloodstream Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fen Pan ◽  
Wantong Zhao ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. This study was to investigate the microbiological characteristics and the relationship between the time to positivity (TTP) of blood cultures and different bacterial species and to assess the clinical value of TTP in children with bloodstream infections (BSIs). Methods. The TTP of all the blood cultures from children with suspected BSIs was retrospectively collected in 2016. The microbiological characteristics and the relationship between the TTP of blood cultures and different bacterial species were also analyzed. Results. A total of 808 strains were isolated from 15835 blood cultures collected, and 145 (17.9%) were Gram-negative, 636 (78.7%) were Gram-positive, and 27 (3.3%) were fungi. The bacteria were divided into definite pathogens (174), possible pathogens (592), fungi (27), and contaminants (15). The average TTP of all positive blood cultures was 30.97 and ranged from 3.23 h to 92.73 h. The TTP of Gram-negative strains was significantly shorter than that of Gram-positive strains (P<0.001) and fungi (P = 0.032). The mean TTP for E. coli (15.60 h) was shortest within the group of Gram-negative isolates, and the mean TTP for Streptococcus (17.34 h) within the group of Gram-positive isolates. Significant difference of the TTP was detected in methicillin-resistant vs methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) positive vs negative Enterobacteriaceae, and extensive drug-resistant and non-XDR A. baumannii. The median TTP in patients with BSI was significantly shorter than in those without it (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that the TTP cutoff value of CoNS, S. aureus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae was 22.72 h, 19.6 h, 18.58 h, and 16.43 h, respectively, with most sensitive and specific predictor of BSIs. Conclusions. Our data acknowledged that TTP is a valuable index for the early prognosis of BSIs. TTP not only provides additional utility as a general predictor of bacteria with smear result but also provides the implication of drug-resistant organisms.

Thermal Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella during Water and Steam Blanching of Vegetables

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1550-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdogan Ceylan ◽  
Wendy McMahon ◽  
Donna M. Garren
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Log Reduction

ABSTRACT Thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella was evaluated on peas, spinach, broccoli, potatoes, and carrots that were treated with hot water and steam. One gram-positive bacterium, L. monocytogenes, and one gram-negative bacterium, Salmonella, were selected as pertinent human pathogens for evaluation. Samples were inoculated with a composite of five strains each of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella to achieve approximately 108 to 109 CFU/g. Inoculated samples were treated with hot water at 85 and 87.8°C and with steam at 85 and 96.7°C for up to 3.5 min. A greater than 5-log reduction of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella was achieved on all products within 0.5 min by hot water blanching at 85 and 87.8°C. Steam blanching at 85°C reduced Salmonella populations by greater than 5 log on spinach and peas within 2 min and on carrots and broccoli within 3.5 min. Populations of Salmonella were reduced by more than 5 log within 1 min on carrot, spinach, and broccoli and within 2 min on peas by steam blanching at 96.7°C. Steam blanching at 85°C reduced L. monocytogenes populations by more than 5 log on carrots and spinach within 2 min and on broccoli and peas within 3.5 min. L. monocytogenes populations were reduced more than 5 log within 1 min on carrot, spinach, peas and broccoli by steam blanching at 96.7°C. Longer treatment times and higher temperatures were required for steam-blanched samples than for samples blanched with hot water. Results suggest that hot water and steam blanching practices commonly used by the frozen vegetable industry will achieve the desired 5-log lethality of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella and will enhance microbiological safety prior to freezing.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Site and Wound Infection among Patients Admitted in some selected Hospitals in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
UK Muhammad ◽  
TM Adamu ◽  
Z Binji ◽  
MA Isa
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Mean

Surgical and open wounds are commonly encountered in clinical practice. This study was aim to determine the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in surgical and open wound infection among patients admitted in some selected hospitals in Sokoto metropolis. A total of one hundred and fifty one (151) isolates were obtained from two hundred (200) surgical site and wound samples collected from patients in this study. The result showed that Usmanu Danfodiyo Teaching Hospital Sokoto (UDUTH) had the highest number of clinical isolates with 64 gram positive and gram negative bacteria followed by Specialist Hospital Sokoto (S.H.S) with 57 gram positive and gram negative bacteria and then Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital (MAWCH) with 30 gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Gram positive cocci 108 (71.5%) were more predominant pathogen isolated in the hospitals than gram negative bacilli 43 (28.5%). Staphylococcus aureus had the highest number of occurrence with 54(35.76%) followed by Coagulate negative Staphylococci with 47(31.1%) while Citrobacter freundii had the lowest number of occurrence with 2(1.32%) isolates. Also, the susceptibility of the isolates to antimicrobial agents were carried out using Amoxacillin, Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Ampiclox, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Tetracycline, Pefloxacin and Cotrimoxazole. The mean zone of inhibition recorded against Staphlococcus aureus by using Amoxacillin antibiotic is 2.20mm while with Citrobacter freundii is 1.00. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11066 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 89-103

Microanatomy of the Periplasm of Bacillus Licheniformis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
B.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Periplasmic Space ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Periplasm of bacteria is the space outside the permeability barrier of plasma membrane but enclosed by the cell wall. The contents of this special milieu exterior could be regulated by the plasma membrane from the internal, and by the cell wall from the external environment of the cell. Unlike the gram-negative organism, the presence of this space in gram-positive bacteria is still controversial because it cannot be clearly demonstrated. We have shown the importance of some periplasmic bodies in the secretion of penicillinase from Bacillus licheniformis.In negatively stained specimens prepared by a modified technique (Figs. 1 and 2), periplasmic space (PS) contained two kinds of structures: (i) fibrils (F, 100 Å) running perpendicular to the cell wall from the protoplast and (ii) an array of vesicles of various sizes (V), which seem to have evaginated from the protoplast.

Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Paul R. Gross ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

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