scholarly journals Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States: An Analysis Based on US Counties and 30 Years of Observation (1950–1979)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Ferdosi ◽  
Elisabeth K. Dissen ◽  
Nana Ama Afari-Dwamena ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Rusan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Estimates ◽  
Unit Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Us Counties

Background.To examine whether the US EPA (2010) lung cancer risk estimate derived from the high arsenic exposures (10–934 µg/L) in southwest Taiwan accurately predicts the US experience from low arsenic exposures (3–59 µg/L).Methods. Analyses have been limited to US counties solely dependent on underground sources for their drinking water supply with median arsenic levels of ≥3 µg/L.Results. Cancer risks (slopes) were found to be indistinguishable from zero for males and females. The addition of arsenic level did not significantly increase the explanatory power of the models. Stratified, or categorical, analysis yielded relative risks that hover about 1.00. The unit risk estimates were nonpositive and not significantly different from zero, and the maximum (95% UCL) unit risk estimates for lung cancer were lower than those in US EPA (2010).Conclusions. These data do not demonstrate an increased risk of lung cancer associated with median drinking water arsenic levels in the range of 3–59 µg/L. The upper-bound estimates of the risks are lower than the risks predicted from the SW Taiwan data and do not support those predictions. These results are consistent with a recent metaregression that indicated no increased lung cancer risk for arsenic exposures below 100–150 µg/L.

scholarly journals Rotating Night-Shift Work and Lung Cancer Risk Among Female Nurses in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 178 (9) ◽  
pp. 1434-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Schernhammer ◽  
D. Feskanich ◽  
G. Liang ◽  
J. Han
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
The United States ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
Female Nurses

scholarly journals A 10-year follow-up study of yearly indoor radon measurements in homes, review of other studies and implications on lung cancer risk estimates

2021 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 144150
Author(s):  
Sara Antignani ◽  
Gennaro Venoso ◽  
Marco Ampollini ◽  
Mario Caprio ◽  
Carmela Carpentieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Risk Estimates ◽  
Radon Measurements

scholarly journals 956Cumulative low-tar exposure was still associated with increased lung cancer risk from Japanese case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Shimatani ◽  
Hidemi Ito ◽  
Keitaro Matsuo ◽  
Kazuo Tajima ◽  
Toshiro Takezaki
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Tar concentration in cigarette brands is chronologically decreasing in the USA and Japan. However, studies investigating lung cancer risk with cumulative tar exposure in Western and Asian countries are insufficient. To investigate the risk of lung cancer with cumulative cigarette tar exposure, we conducted a case-control study among Japanese current smokers. Methods This study used data from the US-Japan lung cancer joint study in 1993–1998. The number of the subjects was 282 histologically confirmed lung cancer cases and 162 hospital and 227 community controls, and two control groups were combined. The information regarding tar concentration was obtained from the published documents and additional estimation using the equation of regression. Cumulative tar concentration was calculated by multiplying the annual value of tar concentration by year and brand. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for lung cancer with cumulative tar exposure were estimated using a logistic model. Results The OR with cumulative tar exposure was higher in higher exposed smokers (>45.6 × 105mg, 8.10, 4.74–13.7) than in lower exposed smokers (≤45.6 × 105mg, 3.37, 1.92–5.92), and increasing trend of the ORs was significant (p < 0.001). The stratification analysis showed higher ORs among those with higher cumulative tar exposure regardless of inhalation, duration of smoking filtered cigarettes, and histological type. Conclusions This study showed that cumulative tar exposure is a dose-dependent indicator for lung cancer risk, and low-tar exposure was still associated with increased cancer risk. Key messages Low-tar tobacco is still associated with increased lung cancer risk.

Cumulative cigarette tar exposure and lung cancer risk among Japanese smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Shimatani ◽  
Hidemi Ito ◽  
Keitaro Matsuo ◽  
Kazuo Tajima ◽  
Toshiro Takezaki
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Joint Study ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective Tar concentration in cigarette brands is chronologically decreasing in the USA and Japan. However, studies investigating lung cancer risk with cumulative tar exposure in Western and Asian countries are insufficient. To investigate the risk of lung cancer with cumulative cigarette tar exposure, we conducted a case-control study among Japanese current smokers. Methods This study used data from the US-Japan lung cancer joint study in 1993–1998. A total of 282 subjects with histologically confirmed lung cancer and 162 hospital and 227 community controls were included in the study, and two control groups were combined. The information regarding tar concentration was obtained from the published documents and additional estimation using the equation of regression. Cumulative tar concentration was calculated by multiplying the annual value of brand-specific tar concentration by years of smoking. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for lung cancer with cumulative tar exposure were estimated using a logistic model. Results The odds ratios for lung cancer with both lower (1–59.8 × 105 mg) and higher (>59.8 × 105 mg) total cumulative tar exposure were statistically significant (3.81, 2.23–6.50 and 11.64, 6.56–20.67, respectively) with increasing trend (P < 0.001). The stratification analysis showed higher odds ratios in subjects with higher cumulative tar exposure regardless of inhalation, duration of smoking filtered cigarettes and histological type. Conclusions This study showed that cumulative tar exposure is a dose-dependent indicator for lung cancer risk, and low-tar exposure was still associated with increased cancer risk.

Potential Regulatory Problems Associated with Atrazine, Cyanazine, and Alachlor in Surface Water Source Drinking Water

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Nelson ◽  
R. David Jones
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs

Post-application seasonal (May-July) average concentrations of atrazine, cyanazine, and, to a lesser extent, alachlor sometimes exceed their Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) (3 ug/L for atrazine and 2 ug/L for alachlor) or Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) (1 ug/L for cyanazine) in surface waters of the Mississippi and Great Lakes Basins. These three chemicals are among the primary pre-emergent herbicides applied to corn. MCLs and MCLGs are compared to annual average concentrations for regulatory purposes. However, annual average concentrations are much less frequently reported than post-application seasonal averages. In most cases, both seasonal and annual average concentrations are substantially less than the MCLs or MCLG. However, actual and estimated annual mean concentrations occasionally exceed the MCLs or MCLG. Actual or estimated exceedences occur more frequently for atrazine and cyanazine than for alachlor, and may occur more frequently in lakes or reservoirs with long retention times than in streams and rivers. Additional year round data, and data for lakes and reservoirs, are needed to determine the extent to which such exceedences occur throughout the corn belt. The American Water Works Association (AWWA) believes that substantial numbers of Community Water Systems (CWSs) within the corn belt are currently, or will be, in violation of the revised Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) with respect to atrazine and cyanazine. They are concerned that such violations could result in numerous CWSs having to implement expensive tertiary treatment systems such as granular activated carbon to decrease herbicide concentrations. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, (US EPA) is continuing to review data on the pesticide concentrations in reservoirs and lakes that registrants have been submitting over the last 18 mo under the 6(a)(2) adverse impact provision of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The US EPA is also currently using computer modeling and other methods to evaluate potential alternative and/or supplemental herbicides to reduce atrazine use. In June 1992, the US EPA approved revised labeling that is designed to reduce indirect atrazine loadings to surface waters. Additional mitigation methods have been proposed and are being considered.

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