scholarly journals Effect of a Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Wear and Microstructure of a 6101 Aluminum Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Franco Steier ◽  
Edgar Sobral Ashiuchi ◽  
Lutz Reißig ◽  
José Alexander Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Test Matrix ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Low Wear ◽  
Wear Tests

The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of a deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the wear behavior and on the microstructure of an aluminum alloy. In order to compare the level of improvement on the wear resistance provided by the DCT with a more traditional technique, a test matrix which included DCT, CrN coated specimens, and combinations of both modification methods was conducted. The wear behavior was investigated using microabrasive wear tests. The cryogenic treated specimens proved to have similar low wear rates as the specimens coated with CrN. The most distinct improvement was reached with a combination of both techniques. In the case of the DCT, the performed microstructural analysis identified the generation of additional GP-zones as the reason for the improved wear resistance.

Deep Cryogenic Treatment and CrN Coating Effects on Micro-Scale Abrasion of Aluminum Alloy AA 6101-T4

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1047-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar S. Ashiuchi ◽  
Volker F. Steier ◽  
Cosme R.M. Silva ◽  
Tales D. Barbosa ◽  
Tiago F.O. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Low Wear ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Tests

The endurance of components made of aluminum and aluminum alloys is often limited by their low yield strength and by their low wear resistance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of different methods that can improve wear resistance of aluminum alloys. As a first approach, a highly wear resistant chromium nitrite layer was deposited by plasma vapor deposition on the surface of the aluminum alloy AA 6101-T4. In the second method, an ultra-deep cryogenic treatment was selected. Both methods have been previously used to improve the wear resistance of other harder substrate materials, like tool steel. To investigate the impact of the two methods on the wear resistance of such alloy, micro abrasive wear tests were carried out and an analysis based on the Archard’s law was considered. The results showed a decrease of the wear rate by 29% and 26% for the coated and for the cryogenically treated specimens, respectively, when compared to the as received material. The work also investigated the performance of three different methods (Allsopp, Double Intercept and Polynomial AT) usually considered to calculate the wear rate of coated samples. The three methods presented similar measures of wear rate for the substrate and for the coating

Friction and Wear Behavior of 9SiCr Steel under Different Treatment with Plant Abrasive

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Peng Huang ◽  
Jing Feng Wu ◽  
Fang Xin Wan ◽  
Ke Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Laser Quenching ◽  
Wear Damage ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Temperature Sample

In this study, the wear behavior of 9SiCr steel under different treatment with plant abrasive was evaluated by using an abrasive rubber wheel tester. The samples’ microstructures were analyzed by a metallurgical microscope, the samples’ worn surface morphology was observed by using SEM.The results show that: With the increasing of hardness of sample, Its wear resistance is greatly improved. Hardness of laser quenching sample is the highest, wear resistance of it is the best, the second is sub temperature sample. The wear rates and the wear coefficients are proportional to the sliding distance. The Laser quenching samplel display a consistent behaviour with a very low wear rate and a small increase of the wear damage is observed during the abrasive wear tests. The worn surfaces of the three kind samples are characterized by the micro-cutting wear, and no treatment sample is accompanied by fatigue wear mechanism.

To Study the Role of WC Reinforcement and Deep Cryogenic Treatment on AZ91 MMNC Wear Behavior Using Multilevel Factorial Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Karuppusamy ◽  
K. Lingadurai ◽  
V. Sivananth
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Metal Matrix Nanocomposites

The present investigation explores the collective outcome of hard particle reinforcement with deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on wear responses of magnesium metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNC). A multilevel factorial design of experiments with control factors of applied load (20 and 40 N), sliding speed (1.3, 1.7, 2.2, and 3.3 m/s), reinforcement % (0% and 1.5%), and cryogenic treatment (cryogenic-treated and nontreated) was deployed. Around 1.5 wt % WC-reinforced MMNC were fabricated using stir-casting process. DCT was performed at −190 °C with soaking time of 24 h. The dry sliding wear trials were done on pin-on-disk tribometer with MMNC pin and EN8 steel disk for a constant sliding distance of 2 km. The WC reinforcement contributed toward the improvement in wear rate of MMNC appreciably by absorbing the load and frictional heat at all loads and speeds. During DCT of AZ91, the secondary ß-phase (Mg17Al12) was precipitated that enriched the wear resistance, only for the higher load of 40 N. Scanning electron microscope analyses of the cryogenic-treated MMNC ensured the existence of both ß-phase precipitates and WC in the contact area. As a result, the adhesiveness of this pin was lesser, which attributed to the improved wear resistance (approximately 33%) as compared to base alloy. The coefficient of friction was also less for cryogenic-treated MMNC. A regression analysis was made to correlate the control elements and the responses.

scholarly journals Influence of Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance and Microstructure of AISI A8 Tool Steel

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pello Jimbert ◽  
Maider Iturrondobeitia ◽  
Julen Ibarretxe ◽  
Roberto Fernandez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Secondary Carbide ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

The effects of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the wear behavior of different tool steels have been widely reported in the scientific literature with uneven results. Some tool steels show a significant improvement in their wear resistance when they have been cryogenically treated while others exhibit no relevant amelioration or even a reduction in their wear resistance. In this study, the influence of DCT was investigated for a grade that has been barely studied in the scientific literature, the AISI A8 air-hardening medium-alloy cold work tool steel. Several aspects were analyzed in the present work: the wear resistance of the alloy, the internal residual stress, and finally the secondary carbide precipitation in terms of lengths and occupied area and its distribution into the microstructure. The results revealed a reduction in the wear rate of about 14% when the AISI A8 was cryogenically treated before tempering. The number of carbides that precipitated into the microstructure was 6% higher for the cryogenically treated samples, increasing from 0.68% to 0.73% of the total area they covered. Furthermore, the distribution of the carbides into the microstructure was more homogenous for the cryogenically treated samples.

Effect of Cryogenic Treatment and Carbide Spray Coating on the Wear Behavior of Carburized Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 154-155 ◽  
pp. 1143-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Ho Chiu ◽  
Yi Min Lin ◽  
Shu Hung Yeh ◽  
Heng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Carburized Steel ◽  
Hvof Process ◽  
Wear Tests

This study is to investigate the wear behavior of carburized JIS SNCM 415 Ni-Cr-Mo steel being cryotreated and followed by carbide spray coating for achieving improvement in wear resistance. Comparative specimens of JIS SNCM 439 steel were quenched and tempered to 45HRC to obtain a similar surface condition as the carburized JIS SNCM415 samples. The thickness of WC/Co coatings of 125 μm was deposited with the use of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process. The microhardness of the WC/Co coatings has been found to achieve 1025±75 HV. A series of wear tests have been carried out on steel samples subjected to various conditions under 95.9N with 180 rpm on a dry block-on-roller tester. From the result of 12 hr wear tests, the mass loss of carburized SNCM 415 steel through cryotreatment was 0.025 g improved from 0.05g of steel without cryotreatment. In addition, the mass loss of carburized SNCM 415 specimen under cryotreatment and HVOF process was further decreased from 0.025 g to 0.002 g. The mass loss of comparative JIS SNCM 439 steel coated by the HVOF process was decreased to 0.002 g from 0.045 g of steel without coating. The results clearly establish that cryotreatment and HVOF process significantly improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of carburized JIS SNCM 415 steel.

THE EFFECT OF ELECTROLYTE TEMPERATURE AND SEALING SOLUTION IN ANODIZING OPERATION ON HARDNESS AND WEAR BEHAVIOR OF 7075 -T6 ALUMINUM ALLOY

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850143
Author(s):  
SAEED NIYAZBAKHSH ◽  
KAMRAN AMINI ◽  
FARHAD GHARAVI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Anodic Oxide ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Electrolyte Temperature ◽  
Oxide Coatings ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Pin On Disk

Anodic oxide coatings are applied on aluminum alloys in order to improve corrosion resistance and to increase hardness and wear resistance. In the current study, a hard anodic coating was applied on AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy. To survey the anodizing temperature (electrolyte temperature) effect, three temperatures, namely, [Formula: see text]C, 0∘C and 5∘C were chosen and the samples were sealed in boiling water and sodium dichromate to study the role of sealing. For measuring the oxide coatings porosity and hardness and also for comparing the samples’ wear resistance field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), microhardness test and pin-on-disk method were utilized, respectively. The results showed that by increasing the anodizing temperature, hardness and consequently wear resistance decreased so that hardness and weight loss in the samples with no sealing decreased from 460[Formula: see text]HV and 0.61[Formula: see text]mg at [Formula: see text]C to 405 and 358[Formula: see text]HV and 1.05 and 1.12[Formula: see text]mg at 0∘C and 5∘C, respectively, which is due to the porosity increment by increasing the anodizing temperature. Also, sealing in boiling water and dichromate contributed to soft phases and coating hydration, which resulted in a decrease in hardness and wear resistance. Hardness and weight loss in the coated samples at [Formula: see text]C decreased from 460[Formula: see text]HV and 0.61[Formula: see text]mg in the samples with no sealing to 435 and 417[Formula: see text]HV and 0.72 and 0.83[Formula: see text]mg in the samples sealed in boiling water and dichromate, respectively.

scholarly journals Dry Sliding Behavior of an Aluminum Alloy after Innovative Hard Anodizing Treatments

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3281
Author(s):  
Chiara Soffritti ◽  
Annalisa Fortini ◽  
Anna Nastruzzi ◽  
Ramona Sola ◽  
Mattia Merlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Substrate ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Aluminum Oxides ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Anodic Aluminum ◽  
Hard Anodizing ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ◽  
Wear Tests

This work evaluates the dry sliding behavior of anodic aluminum oxides (AAO) formed during one traditional hard anodizing treatment (HA) and two golden hard anodizing treatments (named G and GP, respectively) on a EN AW-6060 aluminum alloy. Three different thicknesses of AAO layers were selected: 25, 50, and 100 μm. Prior to wear tests, microstructure and mechanical properties were determined by scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM/EDS), X-ray diffractometry, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT-FTIR) spectroscopy, roughness, microhardness, and scratch tests. Wear tests were carried out by a pin-on-disc tribometer using a steel disc as the counterpart material. The friction coefficient was provided by the equipment. Anodized pins were weighed before and after tests to assess the wear rate. Worn surfaces were analyzed by VPSEM/EDS and DRITF-FTIR. Based on the results, the GP-treated surfaces with a thickness of 50 μm exhibit the lowest friction coefficients and wear rates. In any case, a tribofilm is observed on the wear tracks. During sliding, its detachment leads to delamination of the underlying anodic aluminum oxides and to abrasion of the aluminum substrate. Finally, the best tribological performance of G- and GP-treated surfaces may be related to the existence of a thin Ag-rich film at the coating/aluminum substrate interfaces.

Wear Behavior and Structural Characterization of a Nitrogen Implanted Ti6Al4V Alloy at Different Temperatures

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Martinella ◽  
G. Chevallard ◽  
C. Tosello
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Theory Comparison ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nitrogen Ions ◽  
Wear Tests

ABSTRACTMechanically polished Ti6Al4V samples were implanted with 100 key nitrogen ions to a fluence of 5.1017 ions/cm2 at two different bulk tenneratures: 370°C and 470°C. Wear tests were carried out with a reciprocating slidina tribotester. Structural modifications and wear morphologies were studied by TEM and SEM. 370°C implanted sample showed the same wear behavior as unimplanted ones, while 470°C implanted sample showed better wear resistance because of a TiN hardened layer. Correlations- between microstructural modifications, wear behavior and mechanisms are reported: results agree with the delamination theory. Comparison with ion- and gas-nitrided samples are presented.

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