scholarly journals Lipids and Oxidative Stress Associated with Ethanol-Induced Neurological Damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Hernández ◽  
Rosa C. López-Sánchez ◽  
Adela Rendón-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The excessive intake of alcohol is a serious public health problem, especially given the severe damage provoked by chronic or prenatal exposure to alcohol that affects many physiological processes, such as memory, motor function, and cognitive abilities. This damage is related to the ethanol oxidation in the brain. The metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde and then to acetate is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species that accentuate the oxidative state of cells. This metabolism of ethanol can induce the oxidation of the fatty acids in phospholipids, and the bioactive aldehydes produced are known to be associated with neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. As such, here we will review the role of lipids in the neuronal damage induced by ethanol-related oxidative stress and the role that lipids play in the related compensatory or defense mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Role of Metal Regulatory Proteins in Brain Oxidative Stress: A Tutorial

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Briner
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The proteins that regulate the metabolism of a metal must also play a role in regulating the redox activity of the metal. Metals are intrinsic to a substantial number of biological processes and the proteins that regulate those activities are also considerable in number. The role these proteins play in a wide range of physiological processes involves them directly and indirectly in a variety of disease processes. Similarly, it may be therapeutically advantageous to pharmacologically alter the activity of these metal containing proteins to influence disease processes. This paper will introduce the reader to a number of important proteins in both metal metabolism and oxidative stress, with an emphasis on the brain. Potential pharmacological targets will be considered.

scholarly journals Power Failure of Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegeneration and Its Computational Models

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
JunHyuk Woo ◽  
Hyesun Cho ◽  
YunHee Seol ◽  
Soon Ho Kim ◽  
Chanhyeok Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The brain needs more energy than other organs in the body. Mitochondria are the generator of vital power in the living organism. Not only do mitochondria sense signals from the outside of a cell, but they also orchestrate the cascade of subcellular events by supplying adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP), the biochemical energy. It is known that impaired mitochondrial function and oxidative stress contribute or lead to neuronal damage and degeneration of the brain. This mini-review focuses on addressing how mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. In addition, we discuss state-of-the-art computational models of mitochondrial functions in relation to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Together, a better understanding of brain disease-specific mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress can pave the way to developing antioxidant therapeutic strategies to ameliorate neuronal activity and prevent neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptorγin Ocular Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Gu ◽  
Nan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays an important role in the control of a variety of physiological processes. The last decade has witnessed an increasing interest for the role played by the agonists of PPARγin antiangiogenesis, antifibrosis, anti-inflammation effects and in controlling oxidative stress response in various organs. As the pathologic mechanisms of major blinding diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), keratitis, and optic neuropathy, often involve neoangiogenesis and inflammation- and oxidative stress-mediated cell death, evidences are accumulating on the potential benefits of PPARγto improve or prevent these vision threatening eye diseases. In this paper we describe what is known about the role of PPARγin the ocular pathophysiological processes and PPARγagonists as novel adjuvants in the treatment of eye diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Alcohol Metabolism in the Pathology of Alcohol Hangover

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlou Mackus ◽  
Aurora JAE van de Loo ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
Aletta D. Kraneveld ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

The limited number of available studies that examined the pathology of alcohol hangover focused on biomarkers of alcohol metabolism, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response to alcohol as potentially important determinants of hangover severity. The available literature on alcohol metabolism and oxidative stress is reviewed in this article. The current body of evidence suggests a direct relationship between blood ethanol concentration and hangover severity, whereas this association is not significant for acetaldehyde. The rate of alcohol metabolism seems to be an important determinant of hangover severity. That is, fast elimination of ethanol is associated with experiencing less severe hangovers. An explanation for this observation may be the fact that ethanol—in contrast to acetaldehyde—is capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier. With slower ethanol metabolism, more ethanol is able to reach the brain and elicit hangover symptoms. Hangover severity was also significantly associated with biomarkers of oxidative stress. More oxidative stress in the first hours after alcohol consumption was associated with less severe next-day hangovers (i.e., a significant negative correlation was found between hangover severity and malondialdehyde). On the contrary, more oxidative stress at a later stage after alcohol consumption was associated with having more severe next-day hangovers (i.e., a significant positive correlation was found between hangover severity and 8-isoprostane). In conclusion, assessment of biomarkers of alcohol metabolism suggests that fast elimination of ethanol is associated with experiencing less severe hangovers. More research is needed to further examine the complex interrelationship between alcohol metabolism, the role of acetaldehyde and oxidative stress and antioxidants, and the pathology of the alcohol hangover.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Therapies for Neuroprotection-A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teleanu ◽  
Chircov ◽  
Grumezescu ◽  
Volceanov ◽  
Teleanu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Cellular Regeneration ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Brain

Although moderate concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are crucial for various physiological processes within the human body, their overproduction leads to oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance between the production and accumulation of ROS and the ability of the body to neutralize and eliminate them. In the brain, oxidative stress exhibits significant effects, due to its increased metabolical activity and limited cellular regeneration. Thus, oxidative stress is a major factor in the progressive loss of neurons structures and functions, leading to the development of severe neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, recent years have witnessed tremendous advancements in the field of antioxidant therapies, with a special emphasis for neuroprotection. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms and to present the most recent studies on antioxidant therapies for neuroprotection.

scholarly journals Early Pediatric Benefit of Lutein for Maturing Eyes and Brain—An Overview

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3239
Author(s):  
Diego Gazzolo ◽  
Simonetta Picone ◽  
Alberto Gaiero ◽  
Massimo Bellettato ◽  
Gerardo Montrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Infant Diet ◽  
The World ◽  
Dietary Carotenoid ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Lutein is a dietary carotenoid preferentially accumulated in the eye and the brain in early life and throughout the life span. Lutein accumulation in areas of high metabolism and oxidative stress such as the eye and the brain suggest a unique role of this ingredient during the development and maturation of these organs of common embryological origin. Lutein is naturally provided to the developing baby via the cord blood, breast milk and then infant diet. The presence of this carotenoid depends on fruit and vegetable intakes and its bioavailability is higher in breastmilk. This paper aims to review the anatomical development of the eye and the brain, explore the presence and selective deposition of lutein in these organs during pregnancy and infancy and, based on its functional characteristics, present the latest available research on the beneficial role of lutein in the pediatric population. The potential effects of lutein in ameliorating conditions associated with increase oxidative stress such as in prematurity will be also addressed. Since consumption of lutein rich foods falls short of government guidelines and in most region of the world infant formulas lack this bioactive, dietary recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their child can help to bridge the gap.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases: Nutraceutical Interventions Related to Caloric Restriction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7772
Author(s):  
Pamela Senesi ◽  
Anna Ferrulli ◽  
Livio Luzi ◽  
Ileana Terruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are closely associated and represent a key public health problem worldwide. An excess of adipose tissue, NAFLD, and gut dysbiosis establish a vicious circle that leads to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Caloric restriction (CR) is the most promising nutritional approach capable of improving cardiometabolic health. However, adherence to CR represents a barrier to patients and is the primary cause of therapeutic failure. To overcome this problem, many different nutraceutical strategies have been designed. Based on several data that have shown that CR action is mediated by AMPK/SIRT1 activation, several nutraceutical compounds capable of activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling have been identified. In this review, we summarize recent data on the possible role of berberine, resveratrol, quercetin, and L-carnitine as CR-related nutrients. Additionally, we discuss the limitations related to the use of these nutrients in the management of T2DM and CVD.

Role of oxidant–antioxidant balance in reproduction of domestic animals

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranika Talukder ◽  
Kendra L. Kerrisk ◽  
Gianfranco Gabai ◽  
Pietro Celi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Fluid Environment ◽  
Granulose Cells ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Reproductive process leads to dynamic changes in metabolism and energy consumption, which may be responsible for the excessive production of free radicals (oxidants) that are generated during the physiological process of oxygen consumption. As the ovary is a metabolically active organ, it produces oxidants. Growing follicles, granulose cells of Graffian follicles and ovulated follicles all produce both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants to preserve themselves from the oxidative damage of oxidants. Oxidants and antioxidants are involved in several reproductive functions such as the regulation of follicular fluid environment, folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, corpus luteum function, and luteolysis. In this article, the currently available literature is reviewed in relation to the roles of oxidants and oxidative stress in both normal and abnormal reproductive physiological processes.

Brain aluminium accumulation and oxidative stress in the presence of calcium silicate dental cements

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Demirkaya ◽  
B Can Demirdöğen ◽  
Z Öncel Torun ◽  
O Erdem ◽  
E Çırak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Extraction Socket ◽  
Dental Cement ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate dental cement used for various applications in dentistry. This study was undertaken to test whether the presence of three commercial brands of calcium silicate dental cements in the dental extraction socket of rats would affect the brain aluminium (Al) levels and oxidative stress parameters. Right upper incisor was extracted and polyethylene tubes filled with MTA Angelus, MTA Fillapex or Theracal LC, or left empty for the control group, were inserted into the extraction socket. Rats were killed 7, 30 or 60 days after operation. Brain tissues were obtained before killing. Al levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were determined using spectrophotometry. A transient peak was observed in brain Al level of MTA Angelus group on day 7, while MTA Fillapex and Theracal LC groups reached highest brain Al level on day 60. Brain TBARS level, CAT, SOD and GPx activities transiently increased on day 7 and then returned to almost normal levels. This in vivo study for the first time indicated that initial washout may have occurred in MTA Angelus, while element leaching after the setting is complete may have taken place for MTA Fillapex and Theracal LC. Moreover, oxidative stress was induced and antioxidant enzymes were transiently upregulated. Further studies to search for oxidative neuronal damage should be done to completely understand the possible toxic effects of calcium silicate cements on the brain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document